جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « obstacles » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

The present study was conducted to meta-analyze the factors and obstacles affecting the privatization of sports in Iran. The research method was descriptive and meta-analysis. The statistical population included all published papers in the period of the last decade from 2011 to 2020. From the reported researches, 15 papers were selected by counting method as the research sample. Data analysis was performed using CMA2 and SPSS24 software. The results of meta-analysis showed that the size of the combined effect with the random effects model for privatization barriers is 0.295 and for factors affecting privatization is 0.726, both values are significant at the level of 0.01 and according to Cohen's classification, respectively The effects are small and large. Cochran and Chi-square test results showed high heterogeneity in the studies. Also, the study of diffusion bias error including funnel diagram and Rosenthal's Fail-safe N test showed no diffusion bias in studies. Among the factors, the managerial variable with an effect size of 0.802 and among the obstacles, the economic variable with an effect size of 0.438 had the greatest impact on the privatization of sports in the country. Since the issue of privatization is a very complex and multifaceted issue, the use of strong and experienced sports-economic consultants can provide the grounds for the privatization of the country's sports. To speed up the privatization process, setting up clear guidelines and regulations related to the implementation of sports privatization policies can be very effective and useful.

The aim of this study was to investigate the pathology of waqf and charity culture development in sport from the perspective of sports managers and charities in Golestan province. This study was mixed method. The population in the qualitative section was consist of sport and youth departments heads, heads of active sports clubs and members of the Provincial Benevolent society that selected by targeted and snowball sampling (n = 15). Data Collection tools was interviews. The statistical population in the quantitative section includes the directors and experts of provincial sports and youth departments, directors of sport counsils, heads of sport clubs and members of the benevolent council of the province (n = 274). Data analysis was done through using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with Spss20 software. According to the results, seven effective obstlacts on lack of Waqf and Charity culture Development in sport were: social, motivational, religious, economic, structural-managerial, scientific-educational, and legal. According to the findings, the relevant authorities can provide motivational solutions and didactic classes to recognize the importance of Waqf and charity development in sports, as well as eliminate structural and managerial problems to increase the participation of donors and endowments in the province to help sports.

The purpose of this study was to identify and rank barriers to sports development in neighborhoods of Arak city.The research method was descriptive-analytical and the statistical population in the qualitative section included: experts (15 people) and in the quantitative section, included: all participants in Sports for All city of Arak (450 people).In the quantitative part, 207 people were selected as available and in the qualitative part of the whole statistical population as a sample.The data collection tool was a questionnaire which was prepared using a mixed method.To evaluate the content validity of the questionnaire quantitatively, two relative content validity coefficients and content validity index were used.Confirmatory factor analysis, t-test and Friedman test were used to analyze the statistical data.Information obtained using "SPSS" software. Version 24 and LISREL were analyzed.The results showed that, the seven factors that were identified as obstacles to the development of neighborhood sports have an effective and significant role in the lack of neighborhood sports development.These factors are in order of priority as follows: infrastructure, management, facilities and equipment, socio-cultural, budget-credit, environmental-welfare and finally access.

The study is to identify,rank the obstacles to the development of beach soccer in Iran. This research is applied in terms of purpose,data collection was done in the field,in a mixed qualitative,quantitative manner. The statistical population in the quantitative part,including the officials of the beach soccer committee of the federation,the football delegations,the managers of the clubs,the prominent coaches of the national beach soccer teams were equal to 50 people,in the qualitative part,12 experts. Due to the limited statistical population,the statistical sample was equal to the population. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire including 29 obstacles to the development of beach soccer in the country. The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed by 10 university professors,its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test (α,0,88). The Delphi method was used to identify obstacles to the development of beach soccer,the Friedman test was used to rank the obstacles in the inferential statistics section.The findings showed that 29 obstacles were identified,prioritized in managerial,executive dimensions,areas,facilities,equipment,financial,economic,attitude, support of officials,and human,environmental,respectively. The officials of the federation should first of all remove the obstacles in the field of management,administration,then remove the obstacles of facilities,equipment in their agenda.

The purpose of the research is to analyze and prioritize the barriers of presence of women as the spectators in sports stadiums in the field of football.The research method was qualitative and the Delphi approach was used. The qualitative section included collaborators in the Delphi panel. In the Delphi panel, 23 people in the first round and 16 in the second and third rounds participated in the research, of which 9 were university professors, 7 clerics, and 7 police personnel. Purposeful sampling method was used. After collecting the data from the Delphi approach, a hierarchical analysis questionnaire was used to prioritize the barriers. Based on the agreement of experts, political, security, cultural-social, infrastructure and management components were among the obstacles for the presence of women in sports complexes. Political barriers with an average weight of 0.525 had the highest priority and then management barriers with an average weight of 0.249, socio-cultural barriers with an average weight of 0.104 infrastructure barriers with an average weight of 0.886 and security barriers with an average weight of 0.035 arranged. It seems that even women's issues in the field of sport have been politically motivated, which places sport in opposition to education, and given that sport is a topic that can be considered an opportunity and a threat, it is better to separate it from political affairs, because the health of the urban community and citizens is about to engage in sport in a safe environment.

The purpose of current study is investigation of motivations and barriers related to the “sports for all” among the students. For this reason, among the 50,000 undergraduate students of the universities of State, Payame Noor and Islamic Azad (Mashhad branch) in the academic year of 93-94, 1131 students were selected based on the Morgan table using random-stratified sampling method. The information was made by a questionnaire which had been designed by the researcher himself and the validity of that was confirmed by 20 experts in sport management. The stability of the questionnaire based on Cronbach's α-coefficient was 0.84 in the case of motivations and 0.68 for barriers of participating in sport activities. Also, descriptive statistics such as frequency tables and columnar graphs were used to analyze the data Also, the mean of standard deviation and variance and in the inferential statistics of Kolmogorov Smirnov test To determine the normality of the variables, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the two consensus tables have been used. The results demonstrated that enjoy the exercise and mental relaxation, are of the motivations for participating in sport activities, while social interactions and the impact of sport on health are not motivating factors. The variables of the lack of sport information, behavioral and everyday problems are not the barriers for participating in sport activities, but the variable of lack of access to sport sites is of the main barriers in this case.

The present paper aims to compare the subcomponents of skill, attitude, barriers and the need to apply IT by the coaches of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s national teams. The type of the research was applied and the used methodology was comparative, with a field data-collection method. The statistical population included 42 coaches of Iranian national teams attending the 16th Asian Games held in Guangzhou, China. Using census sampling method, the statistical population was considered as the sample. Reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by 11 experts and university professors in the field of IT as well as physical education, and its validity was established by calculating Cronbach’s alpha (=α0.92). Descriptive statistics was used to describe the demographic characteristics of the subjects, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Friedman’s test were used to analyze the data.
The results showed that there was a significant difference in the subcomponents of the four variables of obstacles, attitude, skill, and the need to employIT by the coaches of national teams (P=0.05). Moreover, by prioritizing the subcomponents of each variable, the coaches’ needs and obstacles in using IT can be eradicated on one hand, and on the other, their skills can be improved using their attitude.

The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the obstacles in communications and information technology development in Sports & Youth office of East Azarbaijan province. The present study was done with descriptive-survey method. In order to prioritize the obstacles in information and communications technology development in the organization, the questioners of the researchers was designed and completed by 66 employee of Sports & Youth office of East Azarbaijan province. The data were analyzed by ANP, in significance level of 0.05 with using of SPSS 22 software and Super Decisions. According to the findings, it was determined that inner and outer context were of the most important factors in information and communications technology development in Sports & Youth office of East Azarbaijan Province compared to the others; and ANP method determined that the outer context with the final weight of (0.517661) is in priority and intent with the final weight of (0.037778) was at the end of priority. Due to the importance of outer context factor in obstacles of information technology development in sport organizations, it can be stated that the managers of sports organizations should design a suitable plan in order to eliminate the obstacles.

The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the obstacles in communications and information technology development in Sports & Youth office of East Azarbaijan province. The present study was done with descriptive-survey method. In order to prioritize the obstacles in information and communications technology development in the organization, the questioners of the researchers was designed and completed by 66 employee of Sports & Youth office of East Azarbaijan province. The data were analyzed by ANP, in significance level of 0.05 with using of SPSS 22 software and Super Decisions. According to the findings, it was determined that inner and outer context were of the most important factors in information and communications technology development in Sports & Youth office of East Azarbaijan Province compared to the others; and ANP method determined that the outer context with the final weight of (0.517661) is in priority and intent with the final weight of (0.037778) was at the end of priority. Due to the importance of outer context factor in obstacles of information technology development in sport organizations, it can be stated that the managers of sports organizations should design a suitable plan in order to eliminate the obstacles.

The aim of this research was recognition of some obstacles in using information technology for youth and sports offices in Ardabil Province. The purpose of the research was an applied one and in terms of data collection, descriptive-analytical method conducted in the field type. The statistical population was all of the managers, deputies and Employees at the Youth and Sport offices of Ardabil Province, that Morgan sample table and using a random sampling, 115 persons were selected as sample. The instrument which had been used for measuring data was researcher- made questionnaire that the validity of questionnaire was verified by using comments of experts in sport management and the reliability of the total questionnaire was found to be (α = 0.89) according to Chronbach’s alpha. in order to analyze the data, Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis; and factor analysis was used to determine the importance of each factor and Friedman Test (for rating) are used. The results of the research show that cultural-educational obstacles, individual obstacles, technical obstacles, organizational management and planning obstacles and economical obstacles respectively have the most effect on using IT in youth and sport offices in Ardabil. Holding meetings, attracting experts of sport management with full knowledge about using IT and encourage personals to learn and use information technology are some strategies to improve information technology in the alleged offices level.

The present study aimed at investigating the obstacles to talent identification in sports in Iran. The research method was mixed and consecutive exploratory type and the data were collected in 3 stages: library studies, 26 interviews, and distribution of a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed by library studies and the interviews. The sample consisted of 145 subjects of 6 groups: heads of federations, authorities of talent identification committee of those federations, staff in the talent identification office of the Ministry of Sport and Youth, university professors, talent identification coaches and authorities of sport clubs. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics such as exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis through PLS software and Friedman test were used. Finally, 70 obstacles to talent identification of Iran sport were identified which were classified into 7 factors and human obstacles (average=5.47) was identified as the most important factor. The results indicated many obstacles to the structure of the talent identification of Iran sport to which sport managers and policy makers should pay special attention so that Iran sport can achieve what it aimed to achieve through the elimination of these obstacles.

The purpose of this study was to identification and priority Obstacles of Strategic Managment Implementation in Iran West Sport and Youth Offices. In order to data gathering, a descriptive method in the scope of strategic studies and a research made questionnaire with interview was used. The present study is an applicative research, the research population consists of all executive managers, middle managers, operational managers, professional experts, experts, consultant and elites of sport and youth ministry of the west of Iran ( in the provinces of Kermanshah – Hamedan – Ilam – Lorestan – kordestan ).
Results of the study signify that all of nine factors had a significant rule in impeding successful implementation of strategic management and their classifying is based on the following managerial obstacles – planning consequences – organizational obstacles – cultural obstacles – individual obstacles – environmental obstacles – accessibility obstacles - communicative obstacles. The policymakers and managers of sport and youth ministry and other sport organizations can use this model in order to identify and determine the role of each obstacle in successful implementation of strategies.

Iran has a rich history and cultural history of the landscape and the natural landscape has the potential to attract domestic and foreign tourists is high. The values ​​and tourism potentials, the aim of this study was to examine the importance of sports tourism obstacles to achieve-is to plan and manage targeted tourism industry. This research method is descriptive-analytic. The method of collecting data and information, library and field-based questionnaire (28 comments Sport and tourism experts) that barriers to sport tourism in third overall index management, tourism and infrastructure, and 20 under the sub-index using TOPSIS and fuzzy discriminant analysis, the analysis put also the reliability is calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient 87/0. The results showed that the current administrative barriers weight (0.549), infrastructure and weight (0.519) and tourism by weight (0.496) have the highest and the least weight respectively. There seems to be a fundamental obstacle to the success of the tourism industry is claimed obstacles to development efforts in order to resolve the problems of tourism in Iran was effective.

The purpose of this study was to identify and developing the model of obstacles of successful implementation of strategic plan in sport and youth ministry of Iran. The research population consists of all executive managers، middle managers، operational managers، professional experts، experts، consultant and elites of sport and youth ministry of Iran (N=320). Their number is 257 people while all of them were considered as research sample. In order to data gathering، semi structured interviews and researcher made questionnaire was used. In order to inferential analyze Friedman test، confirmatory and exploratory factors analysis was applied. Result of exploratory and confirmatory factors analysis of research questions led to identify five following factors: planning consequence، organizational obstacles، managerial obstacles، individual and staffs obstacles and environmental obstacles. Survey of current level of each obstacle in impeding successful implementation of strategies in sport and youth ministry of Iran show the following managerial obstacles 75. 58%، planning consequence 74. 23%، individual obstacles 73. 23%، organizational obstacles 72. 59%، and environmental obstacles 71. 06%. Furthermore، the model of obstacles of successful implementation of Strategies in sport and youth ministry of Iran was well developed and its reliability and validity was confirmed (RMSEA=0. 069، AGFI=0. 86، GFI=0. 92). As a result، the Policymakers and managers of sport and youth ministry and other sport organizations can use this model in order to identifying and determining the role of each obstacle in Successful Implementation of Strategies.

The purpose of this study, an analysis of the main challenges and obstacles to the development of football in the West of the country. Research methods, descriptive – survey. The population of the research includes all specialists, soccer, soccer board of directors, coaches, and athletes of professional football Five provinces in the West Country (Lorestan, Kermanshah, Hamedan, Kurdistan, Ilam) to the number is 230, Sample survey, based on 145 patients and randomly Morgan - cluster is determined. Data in this study, a five-item Likert scale questionnaire with 40 questions. Internal reliability by Cranach’s alpha coefficient 89/0 was determined. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (tables, mean. ..) and inferential statistics (K-S, and Friedman) is used. The results showed that, in general, there are twelve fundamental challenges in the development of football in this area are: Lack of long-term planning and the ravages of capitalism professional club, poor management and poor marketing is one of the most important challenges. The barriers identified in this study, it is suggested Policy officials and the sport of football officials and related organizations across the province by implementing strategies according to the scheduled program, in the development of football in the West Country and accordingly take steps to improve the country's football.

The importance and various applications of information technology have made fundamental changes in all organizations. The aim of the present study was to identify and prioritize the obstacles to the application of information technology in Sport and Youth offices using fuzzy topsis technique. The study had an application purpose and used a descriptive-survey methodology and data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by 5 physical education professors and 7 management professors. The statistical population included 92 heads, deputies, and experts of the Sport and Youth offices in Fars province. First, according to the experts’ viewpoints, 21 obstacles to the application of information technology were identified and divided into four general categories. Finally, considering the respondents’ viewpoints, these obstacles and their respective constituents were ranked using fuzzy topsis technique. The results indicated that the technical, financial, behavioral, and finally organizational obstacles with values of 0.558, 0.464, 0.458 and 0.433 were more important than other identified obstacles. Attention to the identified priorities of obstacles to the application of information technology can be one of the strategies to improve the application and development of information technology in the Sport and Youth offices of Fars province.