جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « آثار اجتماعی » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Rural tourism has been proposed as a strategy for the development of rural areas due to its diverse functions and high ability to communicate with other economic sectors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of rural tourism in the development of rural areas of Takab city. Research Method In this research, a combination of documentary and survey methods and data collection has been done using direct interview technique and completing a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is the residents of 6 villages of Takab city according to the rules of random sampling. T one-sample and analyze regressin test and analysis of were used to the relationships between variables. The results show that based on the calculated correlation, The coefficient of determination model regression fitting was equal to (0.842) and at the level of %99 was singificant, which indicates the positive effect of rural tourism the dimensions of independent variables of research. Values ß in the economic (0.775), socio-cultural (0.176), physicaland (0.046), environmental (0.057) dimensions. Due to high employment and income generation capacities, rural tourism can play an important and fundamental role in the rural development of the region if the authorities plan carefully and in principle, and if not properly planned, it will cause damage, including environmental crises and There will be social problems in the region.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the social, economic, and environmental effects of drought from the viewpoint of villagers, with the structural equation modeling approach. The purpose of this study is of applied research type, and is essentially a descriptive-correlation research. The population of the study, 1762 heads of households and sample size were determined according to Cochran formula, 316 people. Data analysis was performed using SPSS22 software and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). In this research, the observed variables were obtained for three components: economic, social, and environmental. Three first-factor factor analysis models were designed, measured, and validated for measuring three sub-scale droughts. Finally, the role and effect of observed variables and their triple components derived from the drought, as the main hidden dependent variable, and the relationships between them, were analyzed with the help of a structural model of the factor-factor analysis (CFA) of the quadratic factor of the second order. The results of the fitting and validation of all three models of drought measurement, and the realization of goals, as well as the quadratic model of second order, were evaluated based on the data for drought evaluation. Finally, drought affected by socioeconomic and social indicators of 0. 97, and environmental index was 0. 87, so the drought in the studied villages areas had the greatest impact on economic and social indicators, and As a result, it has been placed on an environmental index.

The assessment process of development projects before implementing them is a way to predict, identify and analyze the details of all positive and negative effects of projects so that to maximize benefits and minimize its negative effects. The environmental and social impact's assessment of each project is a process that determines an acceptable way to manage its implementation plan in order to achieve the aims of sustainable development. Moreover, the studies of environmental impact's assessment are used in projects of regional development as an important tool for decision-making and a sign of acceptance or non-acceptance of the project in the region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ecological and social impacts of Fadami dam construction on agricultural development area in Fars province. ICOLD matrix method was used in this study. The effect of each component of the project on environmental activities were measured in two phases, the construction and utilization. Results showed that the environment had a positive impact on the entire project (268 points). Based on obtained results, construction of Fadami Dam in Fars province based on the construction standards is feasible. At the end, according to the results of this study, recommendations were presented.

This article aims to measure and evaluate social effects of Mehr housing's areas and Motahari district in Omidiye city emphasizing social inequality. Residents of different districts have been distributed in special areas of the city based on economic and social characteristics (income and education). The research methodology was descriptive. The sample of the study included 320 people using Cochran formula. 160 people belonged to Motahari district and 160 people were from Mehr housing and were questioned randomly. The results of T-Test showed the difference of average of two variables related to residential districts, respondents and social deviations. Considering (sig: 0. 001) and (t:-2.16) the observed difference between two groups was statistically significant. Also the results of variance test connected to two variables showed that there was mutual correlation between the type of residential districts, education and income level and attraction level to social deviations.

IntroductionUsing modern technologies and giving variety of the economic activities in the rural regions, in addition to the effects of economic and physical aspects, always caused social changes. In some rural areas in Iran, economic activities at different levels, and with especial characters have been developed. The emerging new technologies and applying them at the spheres of rural economic activities is one of the most appearances of these characters. With the using of the combines in Iran's agricultural sphere, have been formed the special kind of occupations such as combine- significant and related jobs, incidentally this characters is one of the indicators of transferring from traditional agriculture to commercial one, Although priorities using methods in mechanized production with regard to the technical condition, economic and social problems in every society will be determined. Generally in developed countries using mechanized methods to reduce costs but in less developed counties to increase production. The Fars Province, because of its suitable condition in the field of farming activities is an appropriate region for forming and developing this activity. Since appearing and developing of each economic activity human settlements either rural or urban have positive and negative indicators will exhibit in all scopes, especially in the social indicators of that society. So, the major point of this research is, considering the social effects related to this special kind of economic activity on the villages where it is dominant way of living. MethodologyThe present research is essential a discovery one, which with favoring of scientific method, and by questionnaires and also interview, seek to find reasonable answerers to why and how this activity effect on forming, and developing process of villages. In the meantime study and seek the strength and duration, the rate of more effective and effectiveness of this activity of the process of rural development of the other objectives that in this research will be considered. Statistical society 928 families will be selection among them 101 families accident sample style. In order to collect data from two method, documentations and investigations have been used.Results and Discussion Combine - significant actually is a kind of economic activity in the special services and agriculture in the collection of the activities of the mechanism. As a special economic phenomenon, to increase the formation of the Organization of the space and special geographic perspective in the villages with these activities. And in the meantime, influence has exerted in different aspects of rural communities upon life and special social institution. The results show that, the activities that although this according to each case’s social-institutional positive effects of the situation in promotion of rural communities have to follow, but the profitability of them is limited to short period of year, they are with hardship and toil, add to this being away from the family. These together have caused discontentment in many combine owned families. So this activity is considered Profitable. This is on the condition of accepting many social difficulties-in and out of villages-for the workers as well as their families.ConclusionThe results of this study shows that despite of problems that combine owners are dealing with, the activity has a positive role in increasing the economic index of development. Finally we concluded that with the emerging Combine and applying them, and with regard to the new technologies role in the process of development and renovation, agricultural mechanization as an important factor played positive role in development and reconstruction of villages, that can be known as an important index in rural planning attention.

Information and communication technology (ICT) is now one of the criteria for measuring the economic and industrial development, in a way that it has had significant effects on different aspects of socio-cultural, economic and political life of people and human communities. In this study, the authors have tried to investigate the economic, social and physical effects of ICT centers on rural development in Gorgan as a leading zone in construction of rural ICT centers in Iran. For this purpose, at first step, they assessed the level of rural population access to ICT and the way they could benefit from it. Then the effects of ICT centers on rural development were examined in two main groups of villages: those which had ICT centers, and those which lacked them. MethodologyThis study was carried out using the descriptive-analytical method. Some parts of the data were collected through field study and questionnaires and interviews. Other parts of the data, for example, data needed for theoretical and conceptual framework, documents and census were collected through library research. To estimate the number of participants, Cochrane sampling formula was used with a confidence level of 70% and error level of 55 %. The sampling was carried out in simple random method. In this study three groups were questioned or interviewed: 1. the inhabitants of the villages (husbandmen) 2. Heads of self-reliant rural management (Dehyari) and members of Islamic council of the villages; 3.The experts and specialist employed in the ICT centers of the Golestan province and Gorgan County.To compare some of the parameters of the villages, in this study they were divided into two groups:1) Villages in which ICT has proven successful. There were a total number of 67 villages in which ICT was successful; considering the probability coefficient of 20 percent and population groups, 14 villages were selected randomly. According to Cochrane sampling, the sample size tuned out to be 276 participants (husbandmen which were chosen in simple random order and questioned).2) Villages lacking ICT centers. Considering the probability coefficient of 20 percent and population groups, 6 villages were selected randomly. According to Cochrane sampling, the sample size tuned out to be 60 participants (husbandmen) which were chosen in simple random order and questioned.Having collected and processed the data in ArcGis, SPSS etc. the authors turned to data analysis and exploitation. The following hypotheses were proposed to account for the study questions: It seems that rural ICT centers increase rural participation, hygiene, welfare, and decrease migration, and also decreasing the information gap between rural and urban areas. It seems that rural ICT centers pave the way for rural development, increasing products, improvement of marketing for the rural product and rise in employment rate in rural areas. It seems that rural ICT centers have changed the patterns of housing, rural communication and way of life.Results and DiscussionEfficiency coefficient of ICT in economic, social and physical aspects of Gorgan villages in two groups of having and lacking ICT collected in questionnaires shows that the average of the economic aspect of 4.44, average social aspect of 4.87 and average physical aspect of 4.43. These indexes are well indicating that ICT has had significant and positive effects on villagers’ way of life. While in villages lacking ICT, in view of the average villagers, the average of the economic aspect was 2.42, average social aspect was 2.28 and average physical aspect was 2.33, which shows the significant effects of ICT centers in rural development. In villages having ICT centers, in all the variables, weight mean was higher than 4 and close to 5, which indicates that villages having ICT had favorable conditions in the variables (of participation, level of hygiene, migration, information gap, rural development, product increase, marketing, employment rate, housing pattern, the way of life and communication) which all prove the positive effects of ICT in the villages. While in the villages lacking ICT centers, all the variables had an average between 2 and 3, which shows that villages without ICT were in poor conditions in the variables examined.Conclusion and RemarksInformation and communication technology have created new opportunities for different communities. The sooner, these opportunities are created, the faster the communities can accelerate structural progress and cover up imperfections and deficiencies. In the Gorgan County in Iran, ICT has significantly progressed. At the end, the authors tested the hypothesis of the study, and it turned out that:1. In villages having ICT, the weight median of (4.87) ICT effect on the social aspects shows that this parameter had considerable effects on rural development in the villages of the study area; while in the villages lacking ICT, the villagers’ view does not confirm its effect on the social aspects of their life. As a result, the author's first hypothesis suggesting that “rural ICT centers increase the rural participation and hygiene and decrease migration and knowledge gap between rural and urban areas”, has been confirmed.2. In the villages having rural ICT centers, the weight median of ICT effect (4.44) on the economic aspects confirms the effect of this parameter on rural development, while in villages lacking ICT, the villagers’ view does not confirm its effect on the economic aspects of villagers’ life. Therefore, the author's second hypothesis suggesting that “ICT centers pave the way for rural development, increase in products, improvement of marketing for the rural product and rise in employment rate in rural areas” has been confirmed.3. In the villages having rural ICT centers, the weight median of ICT effect (4.43) on the physical aspects confirms the effect of this parameter on rural development, while in villages lacking ICT, the villagers’ view does not confirm its effect on the physical aspects of villagers’ life. Therefore, the author's third hypothesis suggesting that “rural ICT centers has changed the patterns of housing, rural communication and way of life” has been confirmed.Considering the study results, the authors propose that operational procedures such as public administrative services be provided in rural ICT centers which would facilitate the communication between local rural managers and administrative organizations through the facilities provided in rural ICT centers.