جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "اجتماعی و فرهنگی" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

The purpose of this study is to investigating the leveling and components of international exhibitions of tourism and related industries using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). This research is applied in terms of purpose. In terms of descriptive-survey method. The statistical population is 15 experts from the International Exhibition of Tourism and Related Industries who were selected as a statistical sample of the research. In this study to identify components after studying the literature Related research and interviews with exhibition managers used brainstorming, nominal group technique and then interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and for analysis (MICMAC) variables were divided into four groups of independent or key variables, communication and dependent and autonomous. The relationship between variables and the type of variables can lead to a better understanding of the subject in international exhibitions of tourism and related industries. The results showed that in the first level the components of producer goals, host goals and economic variables that show The effectiveness of these three variables is in the second level of international exhibition planning indicators, participant goals and social variables. In the third and fourth levels, political and cultural variables are the most influential components of the goals of international exhibitions of tourism and industry.

The present article was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of factors affecting the socio-political participation of citizens in the implementation of sustainable development projects in urban areas. In this research, urban development of Arak metropolis has been considered as a case study. The statistical population is the employees of the executive bodies of Arak in 2009. The sample size was 361 people according to Morgan sampling table, which was selected by random quota classification. Data collection tools were interviews with academic experts and a questionnaire of executives. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed through factor analysis and Cronbach's tests. Achieving a coefficient above 0.70 in both cases indicates the stability of their measurement. Methods of data analysis are: utilization of descriptive statistics, structural equation tests, Sobel test. In this regard, PLS software was used to test the research model and hypotheses. The results showed that each set of social, cultural and economic factors was mediated by socio-political participation with sustainable urban development. But there was no relationship between political factors mediated by socio-political participation and sustainable urban development. At the same time, the set of factors affecting sociopolitical participation has a positive effect on sustainable urban development, the model of this effect was also tested and presented.

Spatial planning is a set of measures to organize the distribution of human and activities carried out in the geographical space. Each area should enjoy a range of economic and social activities based on its capabilities, needs, and situation. Spatial planning is the basis of organizing regional development and it is the main instrument for regional and national planning and policy making; it provides the basis for the preparation of socio-economic development plans for each area or country. Since for the fulfillment of development objectives all social resources, including human, economic, spatial, and environmental resources should be used and making use of all these elements needs planning, spatial planning is the basis of comprehensive development plans and projects and connects spatial, social, and economic planning, or as a whole in the form of comprehensive planning, in regional and national scale. Border areas have special characteristics due to their contacts with the external environments. The cross-border exchanges and spatial connections between the adjacent countries as well as the various vulnerabilities and threats posed by this issue necessitate special care to the process of development planning in these areas. The aim of the present research was to investigate the employed strategies for spatial plannig in brder areas in Five-Year economic, social, and cultural development plans of Islamic Republic of Iran (1st to 5th Plan).

In general, and especially in the 3rd and 4th plans, the economic strategy is more important. Also, spatial differences have not been considered in 5-year development plans; strategies ignored the differences in the various border areas of the country and looked at all areas in the same way. In addition, a special type of strategy is focused in each plan.

Intruduction:Globalization is a process economic, cultural, political, social and technology. That all societies, more or less in the third millennium, changed or ready to be changed.
In the process, many of the concepts and variables such as government, sovereignty, strength, authority, balance of power, collective security, political and economic independence, etc., are significantly evolving concept and objective.
Globalization in the Persian Gulf just meant to promote a Western lifestyle and consumer products industrialized countries. Transnational and multinational corporations, are trying with advertising tool, to penetrate local markets, types of their products to sell and to overcome resistance in this way.
Impact of globalization on the Arabic countries of the Persian Gulf, in many areas, especially in field of the cultural, faced with a contradiction. The conflict, rooted in the contradictory nature of globalization on cultural and social dimension
. The main method of this research, because of importance of the issue, Descriptive and analytical methods used.
As part of the findings in this study, based on the description, the expression of objective events, developments and examine (the Persian Gulf), the use of descriptive method appears favorable Much of the research is to collect qualitative data, content analysis, by taking advantage of the analytical method is necessary. In this paper, tried to library information, including external resources in the areas of globalization and its impact on the Persian Gulf, Geopolitics, International Relations and Area Studies Persian Gulf, taken sufficient use. From the internal resources Of specialists and experts in this field are also widely used.
Result and Discution:The new role of the Persian Gulf in the last century, in addition to the continued development of the West, is an important role in international and strategic equations in connection the security of the region with the development of Asian powers.
Developing Asian countries in the globalization process and the transfer of capital, technology and markets on the goods is sent each facility, This process can be on issues such as energy security, trade in goods and technology, labor exchange and the overall pace of economic growth is now concentrated in the area of the Pacific and the Indian Ocean, have a big impact. Today the claim is close to the accuracy of economic growth and development world and the West, must be sought in the relationship and economic exchange with Asia.
In this context, there are a mutual dependence between the flow of energy from the Persian Gulf to Asia which adds the geo-economic value for Asia and the West in the age of globalization.
Apart from regional issues (eg the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq and its consequences, as well as territorial and border disputes) and at the global level, issues such as individual freedoms, respect for human rights, relying on a government based on law, free elections and political participation, is widespread.
From this perspective, the legitimacy of political power, only to legality and compliance of the dominant values, not limited. It also extends the relationship between government and self-government. In this regard, it is said, the crisis of legitimacy when it emerged that a system controls the structures of society unilaterally. and social and cultural identity of citizens under certain dominated (tool) and Stopped production and fertility
Among the regions of the world, the Persian Gulf region, the symbol of the traditional regime, Patrymvnal and undemocratic called the leaders to strongly influence the political consequences of globalization, on the basis of their governance is concerned.
The type of political regimes of the countries of the Arabic region, from traditional closed kingdom, who were not exposed to wide cultural and political modernization. The global policy for the countries of the Persian Gulf, has made similar threats. And push it in different areas, a series of behavioral changes among the rulers and the people of this region has caused.
Conclution:the conditions governing the Persian Gulf region, any amount that we step into the future, these countries, as one of the most important areas of air transportation, trade finance, central banks, international branches, transfer of technology, one of the centers of knowledge production , lucrative market selling Asian, European, American and a good place to exchange educated work force, becomes. In a word, the economies of the region to rapidly connect with the global economy.
The process of globalization, from a political perspective, in the Persian Gulf region had the least influence. People of the region through political and legal pressures, internal and international, incomplete changes in transition, from the beginning of the twenty-first century, have been able to experience and for the first time in the history of the formation of his government, to achieve a minimal political rights.
In recent decades, in parallel with economic and social changes, most countries in the Persian Gulf, in the light of the forces of globalization, in terms of culture have been changes and Social and cultural fault-lines and conflicts have emerged.
Nationalist movements, pan-Arab, socialist, pro-democracy and Islam, are the powerful social movements in the Persian Gulf region. Persian Gulf region than any other region in the world, has been the emergence of Islamist forces. Muslim identity is a force in this region, a great intellectual and practical capacity to deal with the political and social leaders puts the influence of the West.

Urban passages are interface loops and communication strings of buildings and other urban spaces, that if carefully be addressed, have the most function in urban lifeand it also brings the most vital roles for the dynamism of a city. A correct design and geometric correction in urban passages, decreases many of developmental and environmental problems and psychological and social issues. Smoothing the traffic flow and making excursions and mobility enjoyable in city is possible due to inspiring and correct geometric design. This research is kind of social and cultural impact assessment studies of urban projects, whichinvestigate the social and cultural effects of geometric correction of urban passages in District 18 of Tehran. The method of this research is surveying and documentary quantitative form and in cases, for describing intervention action, interview and observation techniques had also been used.Statistical society is consisted of two groups of residents around the project and passing drivers, and information is collected through questionnaire from 200 people of them. According to the results, 20 outcomes in four social and cultural, environmental, economic and urban view and prospect, is detected. Friedman’s test results also show that among the identified results, paying attention to the needs of specific strata (such as the disabled, elderly, children) with an average rating of 13.37 have first priority; reducing conflicts between drivers and people with an average rating of 12.15 ,second priority; strengthen the rule of law among drivers with an average rating of 12.01, third priority; increasing the level of satisfaction of citizens with an average rating of 11.94, fourth priority; and reducing the financial damage due to traffic accidents with an average rating of 11.85, fifth priority.

There are some pieces of research on tourism policy، policy analysis and factors influencing the implementation process. Due to extension of studying planning، policy making and tourism، reviewing and examining such a complex and incoherent literature is difficult (Scott، 2011. P. 6). the importance of this article is somehow linked to the importance of studying tourism policy. Goeldner and Ritchie (2009) enumerated the functions that tourism policy has: It defines the rules of the game- the terms under which tourism operators must function. It sets out activities and behaviors that are acceptable for visitors. It provides a common direction and guidance for all tourism stakeholders within a destination. It facilitates consensus around specific strategies and objectives for a given destination. It provides a framework for public/private discussions of the role and contributions of the tourism sector to economy and to society in general. It allows tourism to interface more effectively with other sectors of the economy (Goeldner and Ritchie، 2009. P. 415-16). In order to determine the factors influencing the implantation of tourism policies in Iran، different policy models which could be used as the basis were examined. In this regard، a model proposed by RezghiRostami (2004) in the field of Industrial Policies of Iran was extracted. The model had seven factors which encompassed the variables influencing the implementation of tourism policies. Reviewing the other models and the related literature resulted in recognizing 65 influential variables. These variables were modified into 40 after considering the thoughts and comments of tourism policy experts. These variables were actually the questions of the research questionnaire with the scale of 0 to 10 (0، extremely unimportant to 10، extremely important). 83 tourism policy experts، both from academic society and tourism organizations) answered the questionnaire. Discussions and The results of confirmative factor analysis by the use of LISREL، such as T-value، Standardized Coefficient as well as Goodness of Fit Indexes confirmed that there are 7 factors that are influential in the implementation of tourism policies of Islamic Republic of Iran. These factors with regard to the priority of them are: 1. the characteristics of the executives، 2. administrative and bureaucratic system، 3. skills and knowledge of the executives، 4. plain goal setting and appropriate policy formulation، 5. target groups and stakeholders، 6. legal and civil support and 7. appropriate instruments and resources. With regard to the results of confirmative factor analysis، the above mentioned variables were proposed for implementation of tourism policies. Considering the prioritizing of these factors as a result of this article is useful in successful implementation of tourism policies. Moreover، the following suggestions can be proposed: Formulating the tourism policies in the ground of micro economic policies and considering the interrelationship between tourism policies and the other fields such as education، social welfare، employment and etc. Promoting social trust can also be useful for implementation of tourism policies with regard to increase in investment of private sector. More attention should be paid to staffing and skills of executive managers. More flexible burucratic systems are also needed. Considering the requirements of stakeholders also can facilitate the process of implementing tourism policies. Appropriate instruments and resources as undeniable factors in implementation of tourism policies.

Division of location and space is the most significant factor in lands use, thus,urban lands use includes a set of purposeful activities for organization of an unnatural environment, unjust division occupancy is the most important issue that has engaged everyones mind, thus Karaj has the most residential occupancy,including 30.1% of percapita share and 28.2%service percapita, there are storage of green and commercial space.In balanced specification of lands to difeerent users and unappropriate percapita in established plans are also among the problems of these plans. In Karaj`s established plans, unfair division of occupancy in the lands can be seen, and finally changing the agricultural lands into residential ones is one of the most important points considented in Karaj. Lack of green spaces in Karaj is an important issue. If we calculate the needof this city for green spaces we come to a number which shows that this city can be considered as a desert. In general, substandard residential occupancies have resulted in unbalanced usages if different sectors, thus there are plenty of issues concerning to substandard usage. City includes a set of manmade, natural, social and environmental factors, it has been populated by the residents, urbanization is a method of human life on the earth,it is a costant human settlement in the environment. Unsurpiringly, city has been a center of civilization for a longtime,so urbanization process should be investigated carfully urbanization in Iran has a long history,Iran Plateau is the first part of the earth that has experienced urbanization.But in contemporary centuries urbanization in Iran has a specific form that has had many consequences including over whelming migration of villagers to the cities. Due to its location and closeness to Tehran,Karaj has a special form of urbanization. This phenomena is so outstanding in recent 2or3 decades that it needs carful considerations,investogations and scientific discussions.