جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "بعد اجتماعی" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

Flânerie, as a complex human practice, emerges from the interplay between the body, soul, and mind within urban environments. This study aims to analyze the multifaceted dimensions of flânerie in Iranian urban spaces, focusing on how spatial design and cultural richness influence physical, spiritual, and mental experiences. It further compares these experiences with those in modern cities.

This research adopts a qualitative and interpretive approach within the framework of a constructivist paradigm. Data were collected through urban ethnography, case studies, non-participant field observations, semi-structured interviews with citizens, architects, and urban planning experts, and content analysis of historical and contemporary texts on urban spaces. Thematic analysis was employed to interpret the data.

The findings reveal that flânerie in Iranian cities transcends mere physical activity, encompassing social, cultural, and spiritual experiences. Traditional spaces such as the Tabriz Bazaar and Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque in Isfahan, with their intricate and human-centered designs, foster social interactions, spiritual reflection, and the reinforcement of cultural identity. Urban green spaces also contribute significantly to stress reduction and the enhancement of mental well-being.

Urban design should integrate flânerie as a holistic experience encompassing physical, spiritual, and mental interactions. This approach can improve urban quality of life, strengthen individual and collective identities, and enhance social cohesion. The findings offer valuable insights for urban designers and managers in creating dynamic, human-centered urban spaces.

Urban spaces play a significant role in shaping social interactions and strengthening ethnic and religious cohesion. Urmia, with its extensive ethnic and religious diversity, provides an appropriate context for studying these interactions. This research aims to examine the role of spatial patterns in social interactions and ethnic and religious cohesion in the neighborhoods of Delgosha, Eqbal, and Mahdi-al-Qadam (adjacent to Imam Khomeini Street). The theoretical framework of this study is based on Christopher Alexander's Theory of Living Spaces.

This study employed a mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population included residents of the Delgosha, Eqbal, and Mahdi-al-Qadam neighborhoods, selected using a random cluster sampling method. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 30 residents and field observations. Quantitative data were gathered using a questionnaire distributed among 200 residents. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson's correlation coefficient and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

The results indicated that the spatial and physical characteristics of these neighborhoods significantly influence social interactions. Pearson's correlation coefficient (0.68) suggested a positive relationship between access to public spaces and the level of social interactions. ANOVA results showed a significant difference among the studied neighborhoods (p < 0.05), with the Eqbal neighborhood characterized by diverse ethnic composition exhibiting the highest level of social interactions. Furthermore, 85% of respondents believed that the existing spatial design contributes to strengthening social relationships, while 15% identified factors such as traffic congestion and reduced green spaces as barriers to interaction. The findings of this study emphasize that proper urban space design can lead to increased social interactions, ethnic and religious cohesion, and a strengthened sense of social belonging in multi-ethnic communities like Urmia. In this regard, attention to spatial patterns aligned with the cultural and social characteristics of residents holds particular importance.

In the process of urban space creation, there exists a continuous exchange of ideas concerning the current state of that space and the desired conditions as articulated by its inhabitants. Improvements in the challenging realities of urban environments are often manifested through physical changes, one of which is urban regeneration. Given the proliferation of urban regeneration projects in recent decades, it is imperative to consider the social dimensions inherent in these initiatives. In this context, social capital, recognized as a significant social asset within neighborhoods, has assumed particular importance in the discourse surrounding regeneration. This research examines the role of social capital in the regeneration of urban neighborhoods, with a specific focus on the Islamabad Karaj neighborhood. The methodological approach employed in this investigation is descriptive-analytical. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the influence of social capital on the regeneration processes within the Islamabad Karaj neighborhood as perceived by its residents. Data collection for the theoretical framework was conducted using documentary analysis, while the empirical component involved a survey utilizing a questionnaire. The statistical population comprises individuals aged 15 years and older residing in a neighborhood of over 25,000 inhabitants, from which a sample of 410 respondents was selected through simple random sampling, employing Cochran's formula. For data analysis, Spearman's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using SPSS software. The findings indicate a strong correlation between social capital and urban regeneration within the Karaj neighborhood of Islamabad. The implications of this research highlight the necessity to focus on the components of social capital and to implement policies aimed at its maintenance and enhancement to facilitate successful urban regeneration in the Islamabad Karaj neighborhood.

Public spaces and social interactions have a reciprocal relationship. The rapid urbanization, limited land availability, and neglect of these spaces in urban development initiatives have resulted in a scarcity of open and green areas per capita, consequently reducing social interactions. District 10 of Tehran, as the most densely populated area, suffers from a lack of both quantity and quality in public and open spaces. Furthermore, issues such as physical deterioration, disrupted urban landscapes, a high tenant rate, low social security, and a transient population have further diminished the quality of existing public spaces and the level of social interaction in this particular district. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore the potential for enhancing public spaces in order to promote social interactions in District 10 of Tehran. The chosen research methodology is descriptive-survey, with data collected through documentary and field studies. The SWOT and QSPM techniques have been employed for analysis.  The findings reveal that various factors play a significant role in facilitating social interaction in public spaces. These factors include the diversity of activities, integration of land use, social inclusion, accessibility to public transportation, social security, memorability, safety, engagement of all senses, readability, visibility, flexibility, availability of urban furniture, materials used in urban furniture and pavements, climate comfort, and environmental health. Moreover, creating favorable conditions for the presence of children and the elderly would lead to increased supervision and social security.  The superior scenario proposes a set of strategies, including aggressive strategies (SO1: Enhancing social security in existing public spaces, SO2: Promoting the development of open and green spaces on a per capita basis, SO4: Establishing local hangout spots and micro spaces for community gatherings, SO5: Allocating multicultural and artistic spaces, sports venues, etc.) and conservative strategies (ST1: Repurposing inactive municipal-owned spaces, ST2: Encouraging greater citizen participation in social activities). Ultimately, six prioritized strategies are identified, resulting in the formulation of 18 policies and 31 action plans.

This research aims to examine the cognitive-environmental perception of the impact of high-rise construction on the social status of citizens in Sari. To this end, a questionnaire has been designed containing several questions regarding demographic, social, and cultural characteristics of household heads, as well as physical housing characteristics. Additionally, it includes several items to assess respondents' satisfaction with apartment living, the extent and nature of neighborhood relationships, and the impact of apartment living on these relationships. It also addresses social, cultural, and legal issues arising from apartment living. For this purpose, 200 apartment-dwelling household heads were asked to evaluate these aspects using a Likert scale. The analysis of the collected data was conducted using SPSS software through both descriptive and analytical methods. The descriptive results obtained from this research indicate that the individual characteristics of residents significantly influence their satisfaction with apartment living. Furthermore, according to the findings, the reduction in neighborhood relationships due to apartment living has been analyzed by separating each of the individual and contextual variables, describing the relationships between the variables in question. In the inferential analysis, the Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationships between individual and contextual variables affecting satisfaction with apartment living and the decline in neighborhood relationships as a result of apartment living. The results indicated that all tests were significant across all analyses.

The rapid development of urbanization has led to an increase in demand for infrastructure such as drinking water supply, electricity grid and the creation of transportation facilities, etc. The inadequacy of the existing system or parallel management in the urban traffic management sector has increased the gap between demand and supply of transportation facilities. The consequences of an unsustainable transportation system in urban areas are bordering on threatening human health. As a result, the need to pay attention to urban planning and management was raised. The purpose of this article is to examine the role and importance of developing sustainable urban transportation in order to reduce urban problems and consequently improve the quality of urban life. The type of research is applied and the research method is descriptive and analytical, and interview and questionnaire tools have been used in line with the research objectives. It has also been collected and analyzed through statistical data and documents available in relevant departments and organizations. The results of statistical analysis showed that there is a close relationship between urban transportation sustainability and the environmental dimension. There is also a significant relationship between urban transportation sustainability and the social dimension. Finally, it is concluded that by planning based on understanding the urban space, it is possible to create the basis for the proper development of cities and the comfort of citizens.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of hotel social responsibility on customer loyalty, considering the mediating roles of hotel reputation, customer satisfaction, and trust, as well as the moderating role of hotel management ability. The research employed a descriptive-correlational survey method with an applied focus. A questionnaire was used as the research tool to measure the variables of social responsibility, customer loyalty, satisfaction, trust, reputation, and hotel management ability. The structural equation modeling technique (SEM) was applied to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that hotel social responsibility had a significant effect on hotel reputation, customer satisfaction, and trust among hotel guests. Additionally, customer satisfaction and trust were found to significantly influence customer loyalty. However, hotel management ability did not moderate the relationship between social responsibility and customer loyalty. Lastly, the study demonstrated that customer trust and satisfaction play mediating roles in the relationship between social responsibility and customer loyalty.

Hospital landscape is being known an important place for patients. It is especially important to regard hospital landscape design as an important quality factor of such environments. However, there is not enough attention given to this matter in the city of Tabriz, Iran. The present research investigates to introduce landscape principal design in hospital green spaces in Tabriz.

Methods and Material: 

A qualitative semi-structured interview was conducted among nine landscape experts of university of Tabriz those specialized in landscape design, architecture, and urban planning. Before conducting interview, the survey sheet was given participants read which give enough time for them to give more accurate and scientific answers. The experts were asked to explain their opinions regarding hospital landscape furniture, patient mental restoration, visual appeal, social interaction, patients’ leisure time and hospital landscape design elements.

The results indicate that hospital Landscape must be corresponding to the needs of three groups of patients, staff and visitors. Cleanness and accessibility and high security are important factors which may affect patients’ tendency patient group to use hospital green space. By providing recreational facilities and amenities such as terraces and monolithic design, visitors might be encouraged to spend more time in the hospital environment. Providing private and quiet space is necessary for staff to relax and escape from stress and pressure. In addition, designed social spaces are necessary to enhance the efficiency of hospital and awareness of people. Elements such as stairs, slippery, uneven floors, allergenic plants and poisonous plants are not appropriate for hospital landscape. Proper maintenance of plants is essential to maintain freshness and greenery, which in turn affects the psychological comfort and satisfaction of users.  Application of the research finding will help to create better landscape in hospital environment and enhance users’ willingness to contact with nature in among urban dwellers.

Vandalism as a destructive behavior; It causes destruction, physical damage and material damage to public capital and reduces social order. Based on this, the aim of the research is meta-analysis of studies related to urban vandalism behaviors.

The method is meta-analysis (quantitative), its statistical population is 45 documents and the sample size is equal to 41 research documents in the period of 1401-1372. The sampling method is a deliberate-non-probability type and a reverse questionnaire, and the validity of the research has been examined according to the type of articles (research and journal type), writing quality, level and scientific expertise of the authors, as well as the research review method.

The results show that vandalism in Iranian society is caused by social-cultural heterogeneity, social control, capital level, reference model, social pressure, social disorganization and cultural issues according to the theory of structural pressure. These variables have explained 0.354 of the changes in vandalism behaviors.

Heterogeneous development (cultural backwardness of institutions and groups) has led to institutional dysfunction (social-structural pressure) and ultimately social disorganization (emergence of vandalism). As the conditions of institutional development have deteriorated (unbalanced or unbalanced development), social disorganization (functional disorder of social institutions) has also increased. Failure to solve social disorganization caused by social pressures on the society has led to class divide, social failure, and accumulated conflict, dissatisfaction, feeling of injustice, feeling of discrimination and vengeful thoughts and destructive actions.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. According to the objectives of the research, library and field methods (questionnaire) have been used in order to develop a theoretical framework and collect the required data. The statistical research population of the citizens of Ahvaz in 2015 is equal to 1,184,788 people. The number of samples was determined using Cochran's sampling, 384 people. To analyze the research data, one-sample statistical tests, step-by-step regression and path analysis were used.

The results of the sample T-Tech test to measure the urban sustainability of Ahvaz with an emphasis on ethnicities show that there is a significant difference between the obtained average (1.81) so that it is below the standard limit (3). be Therefore, the status of this index is not favorable. The results of the step-by-step regression test indicate that the social security index with a beta coefficient of 0.247 has the greatest impact and the economic index with a coefficient of 0.166 has the least impact in stabilizing the city of Ahvaz for different ethnicities. The results of the path analysis show that all the coefficients of these variables are significant at the 95% confidence level, which means that the variables have an effect on the stability of the city of Ahvaz in terms of ethnicity, and the need to pay attention to them will improve this issue..

Undoubtedly, in recent decades, tourism has been considered one of the most important social and economic phenomena with its cultural, political and environmental effects. It has become an all-encompassing and global phenomenon. the infrastructures that exist in each city can provide the basis for the development of tourism according to the social, cultural and economic aspects. The facilities available in Iran indicate that this country has the capacity to receive more than 2 to 3 million foreign tourists per year and this industry will be the most important option for foreign exchange earnings in the country after the oil industry. One of the cities of Iran that has a high tourism potential; The city of Sabzevar is the second most populated city in Khorasan Razavi province. Considering the foundation of Sabzevar city during the Parthian period and having favorable environmental conditions, political and military requirements, its location has a suitable position for the development of social, cultural and economic factors based on attracting tourists. In this regard, the main purpose of this article was "to know the effect of social, economic and cultural infrastructure on tourists' satisfaction".

According to the examined components, the ruling approach of this research was "descriptive-analytical" and the article was developmental-applicative in terms of its purpose. The statistical population included the tourists of Sabzevar city in the year of 2020, which according to the statistics of Sabzevar city tourism organization included 1320 people, the sample size calculated by Cochran's formula includes 300 tourists who were randomly questioned. For data analysis, SPS and Amos statistical analysis software with structural equation model and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used in the research.

In the exploratory factor analysis, the first factor "satisfaction of tourists based on the quality of social and historical capital" with an explained variance percentage of 25.76 had the largest share among the total factors influencing the satisfaction of tourists in Sabzevar city. The first factor with the explained variance percentage of 25.76 has the largest share among the total factors affecting the satisfaction of tourists in Sabzevar city, including indicators such as the level of satisfaction with being in Sabzevar city, according to the quality of social infrastructure facilities, the presence of historical houses in Sabzevar city. , the level of satisfaction with visiting the historical schools of Sabzevar city, the level of quality of life of citizens, the level of satisfaction with visiting caravanserais, the level of satisfaction with visiting natural attractions (wild life of Shir Ahmad), the level of interaction of citizens to ensure the safety of tourists, the level of satisfaction with the introduction and The promotion of tourism potentials of Sabzevar city, the degree of cooperation and participation of citizens and the desire to visit and travel again to Sabzevar city. In the structural equation model and confirmatory factor analysis of social, economic and cultural infrastructure on tourists' satisfaction, it was evaluated that in the social infrastructure, the components of participation and solidarity, social facilities and facilities, security and social programs could have an effect on tourists' satisfaction and also; In the economic infrastructure, the effective components including services and human capital, economic facilities and facilities and tourism-oriented economic programs were considered. In terms of cultural infrastructure, the effective components included cultures and traditions, cultural facilities and facilities, and cultural programs and services.

Tourism and the tourism economy are becoming one of the fastest growing activities in the world and a tool for generating national income. Tourists include a wide range of people who, according to their age group, gender, occupation, education, economic and social base, attitude, etc., they have different motivations and needs for leisure and entertainment and they turn to different spaces and activities. Therefore, in order to develop tourism, the first effective factor is tourist satisfaction, which can be explained based on the definition of tourist; In other words, the development and improvement of the quality of tourism infrastructure (social, cultural and economic) should be considered based on the needs of tourists on the one hand and the potential of tourism on the other hand. Also, the suggestions and solutions of this research in order to provide and improve tourist satisfaction based on social, cultural and economic infrastructure are as follows: Creating partnership between citizens and organizations involved in tourism in the field of proper use of environmental and human resources; Identifying the limitations, weaknesses and strengths of the economic, social and cultural infrastructure of Sabzevar city in order to increase the satisfaction of tourists; Publication of brochures and posters and publication of various articles and books by tourism officials in the field of tourism capacities in order to introduce the capabilities and capacities of tourism.

Tourism, as one of the most important sustainable development industries, creates great economic, social, and cultural opportunities for megacities and the mother cities of the world. Competition in the direction of sustainable tourism development, according to the tourists’ needs, should be given importance to planning tourism management and urban management. In this way, the current research examines the effect of social progress and economic freedom on tourism demand in countries with different levels of corruption.

Design/methodology/approach:

 The statistics related to corruption perception index, tourism demand, social progress index, and economic freedom index in 79 countries are respectively taken from information banks of Transparency International, World Bank, Social Progress Index, and Heritage Foundation from 2011 to 2020.

The effect of the mentioned variables on tourism demand, and panel data method has been used and analyzed with Eviews12 software. The results of panel data estimation in the years under review showed the impact of social progress on tourism demand in somewhat corrupt countries; To some extent free from corruption and very clean; And the effect of economic freedom on tourism demand is confirmed in relatively corruption-free and very clean countries.

Since tourism demand is influenced by social progress and economic freedom, it is necessary to pay attention to social and economic factors for the continuation and growth of tourism.

Industrial estates, resulting from industrialization, serve as vital links between industry, agriculture, and rural development. Establishing these estates near rural areas is essential for societal progress, particularly in developing countries. Previous experience shows that clustering industrial units within bio-complexes fosters economic, social, environmental, and physical transformations at regional and local levels. This clustering helps address rural issues by creating complementary production flows, supporting agriculture, providing non-agricultural employment, and improving rural welfare. However, industrial areas can also negatively impact local communities. This research focuses on identifying the unknown economic, social, physical, and environmental effects of the Yasouj 3 industrial estate on the surrounding rural areas of Boyer-Ahmad county, an area that has not been comprehensively studied.

This survey research aimed to assess the impacts of industrial estates on surrounding rural areas in the central district of Boyer-Ahmad County. The study involved 299 household heads from nearby and distant villages to the Yasouj 3 industrial estate, with 161 from Far-Field villages and 138 from Near-Field villages selected randomly based on the Bartlett sampling table. A researcher-developed questionnaire, validated by experts and tested for reliability, was used for data collection. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranged from 0.62 to 0.71, indicating good reliability. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 21, and the Morris analytical model ranked the study's objective indicators, with the coefficient of variation (C.V.) assessing the dispersion of these indicators.

Based on the findings of factor analysis, three factors were identified as having significant social impacts: sense of place and economic-social security in the region, motivation and peace in the region, and cultural-welfare. These factors collectively accounted for 45.50% of the overall social impacts. Additionally, four factors were identified as having significant economic impacts: agricultural status, employment and income, capital status, and poverty. These factors collectively accounted for 52.91% of the total variance of economic impacts. Four factors were also identified as having significant environmental impacts: density and diversity of species, quantity and quality of water, environmental quality, and health. These factors collectively accounted for 52.44% of the total variance of environmental impacts. Finally, four factors were identified as having significant physical impacts as pressure on local resources, organizing road infrastructure, road quality, and access to facilities. These factors collectively accounted for 51.14% of the total variance of physical impacts of establishing industrial estates in the surrounding rural areas. A one-sample t-test was used to examine the impact of industrial estates on the surrounding rural areas. Results  showed that industrialization's economic and physical-structural impacts were desirable for nearby residents, while the environmental impacts were undesirable. Specifically, in the social dimension, industrialization had a positive impact on spatial and economic-social security perception and cultural-welfare, but a negative impact on motivation and peace in the region. Regarding the economic dimension, establishing industrial estates improved the agricultural status, employment and income, and capital status while reducing poverty. A similar analysis for the physical dimension shows that industrial states led to the organizing of road infrastructure, improved the quality of transportation roads, and enhanced access to facilities, but increased pressure on resources. However, an analysis of the environmental dimension's impacts revealed that industrial states had a negative impact on the density and diversity of species, quantity and quality of water, environmental quality, and health. In the distant villages, the economic and physical impacts of industrialization were perceived positively by the residents, while the environmental impacts were negative. However, the impact of industrialization was not significant in the social dimension. Ultimately, the results obtained from the Development Index (D.I.) showed that the establishment of industry in the surrounding areas had various impacts on social, physical-structural, and environmental indicators, leading to improved social and physical-structural conditions. Nevertheless, it had an undesirable impact on the environmental situation. A comparison of the coefficient of variation (C.V.) showed that establishing industrial estates had the most significant impact on environmental and physical-structural indicators and the least on social indicators.

To mitigate industrial impacts on the environment, it is essential to develop conservation and resource management strategies. This includes maintaining species diversity, improving environmental quality, and prioritizing health in planning and policy-making. Implementing strict laws and monitoring industrial activities is crucial. Due to unsatisfactory environmental conditions, improving social and physical infrastructure based on regional needs is also necessary. The study highlights the need for increased attention to environmental issues and research across social, physical, and environmental areas. Its findings are relevant for industrial and rural development organizations, guiding policymakers in proposing effective solutions to reduce industrial impacts on rural areas.

Social capital refers to “resources embedded in social relations”. It is known for its potential role in the joint management. Because it may reduce the expenses of working, enhance information transition, improve social movement, and encourage collaboration by shared standards, it is becoming increasingly popular. Numerous have examined the effects of social capital, focusing on community empowerment.The distribution of social resources among different communities has different characteristics. Therefore, in order to reduce conceptual complexities and homogenize the interests of residents, especially in rural communities, increased research on joint management of social capital and empowerment has been emphasized. According to the mentioned definitions and based on the objectives of the research, the study of social capital and its examples, including trust and collaboration in the empowerment of rural society, is a key principle in rural development.

Gachsaran county is located in Kohgiluye and Boyerahmad province, Iran, with a population of 12400 people. in this city, most people are engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry and their annual income depends on these sectors. Given economic issues in this region, the “Progress and Development of Rural Systems” project was established in this area. This project aimed to institutionalize and build capacity among rural people, which enables their empowerment and collaboration, as well as the empowerment of rural communities, to improve their livelihood and living standards. In fact, the creation of micro-credit funds has been formed with the approach of micro-financing based on the production value chain and supporting sustainable employment in this field. Social Network Analysis (SNA) was employed as a research method in this study because gauging social capital is crucial and challenging, and it is a crucial approach for assessing this capital. This method allows researchers to investigate structured connections among players inside a system that either facilitate or hinder human behavior. In this research, the highest-level indexes of the social network have been studied which are introduced as follow: Density, Centralization, Reciprocity, Transitivity and Geodesic Distance. The sample size for this research is comprised of all members of microcredit funds in 2 villages (totaling 123 members). In this research "full network method" was used.

According to the results, the Density index in all of the studied areas was increased after the implementation of the empowerment project. In addition, on average, the Reciprocity and Transitivity index increased in trust and collaboration networks in the studied villages. Thus, it could be understood that social capital and empowerment in local communities are both required and complementary. The results showed that after the implementation of the plan, the Centralization decreased and power was divided among the activists. The Geodesic Distance between the two bonds of trust and participation indicates the relatively favorable speed of trust, participation, unity and unity among people, which has continued to decrease after the implementation of the project. As a result, any action aimed at building the capacity of the local community, increasing social capital, and promoting trust and collaboration among local communities will ultimately lead to maintaining and strengthening the social structures of that community. Therefore, this community develops into a region, which serves as the foundation for long-term rural development. These results can be administered to other areas of research and interference such as studies of community development, participatory research, and social intervention.

According to the results of the density index in the investigated networks, this rate is medium to high, and in terms of trust, cooperation, and social capital, the continuity between the networks rises by the same amount. Accordingly, between the studied links, dense networks can be supposed, this approach can be useful to enhance and develop the social capital of the members.Based on the results of the concentration index, the implementation of the project has been effective in reducing the concentration and division of power in the network. Gašević et al. (2019) noted that the lower the level of concentration in the network of relationships, the higher the level of power sharing in the network and the more stakeholders will be influential in decision-making in rural management. According to the results of the index of Reciprocity and transitivity of ties in the second phase of the study compared to the phase before the project in the studied villages has increased. Strengthening bonds of trust and mutual cooperation creates a stable network in which the spirit of trust, cooperation and cooperation is institutionalized among people. Also, this leads to an increase in social capital, and participatory planning in the direction of rural development will be associated with less cost and time. The Geodesic Distance between the two bonds of trust and participation indicates the relatively favorable speed of trust, participation, unity and unity among people, which has continued to decrease after the implementation of the project, which indicates the high speed of circulation of trust and participation among people. Considering the importance of the time and speed of coordinating people in the discussion of collaborative management, strengthening the bond of trust and especially participation in order to increase the speed of circulation of this bond among people and then reduce the time of coordination and unity among the members of micro funds in line with the implementation Community-oriented management is very important.

In order to develop sustainable rural development, recognition of obstacles and challenges is needed. Conscious knowledge and use of social capital is an opportunity to build capacity for participation in rural development. In general, in order to succeed in rural development, strengthening social capital through trust and participation and there by increasing social cohesion is needed. The formation of micro fund and rural development groups are among the strategies to increase trust and participation among individuals and increase social capital; So that social capital in the form of local organizations reduces poverty and increases the welfare of the community, which is itself the basis for achieving sustainable rural development.

During the construction of the Karun-3 dam, all or most of the 70 villages along the dam were flooded, and their residents were forced to relocate. The destination of a large number of these immigrants was Izeh city and its surrounding villages. This research examined the changes made in the lives of the villagers on the edge of the Karun-3 Dam. The approach used in conducting qualitative research was phenomenology. The research sample of 35 people and the research data were collected using semi-structured interviews, and research themes were extracted using the thematic analysis method. The findings of the research showed that after the relocation of the villagers, all forms of previous economic, social, cultural, and political relations underwent fundamental changes. Forming relationships based on money, the new form of neighborhood, improving the living conditions of women and youth, changing the pattern of employment and the colorful presence of bureaucracy and power in life, and weakening the foundations of patriarchy were among the changes that occurred in the lives of these communities. Also, the findings showed that the weakness or lack of long-term institutional support led to spatial fragmentation, the deterioration of spiritual heritage, and the social marginalization of the residents of these villages.