جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تصمیم گیری چندشاخصه » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The assessment of housing quality at the level of urban areas serves as a guiding tool to understand the state of housing quality and, on the other hand, as a delineator of areas requiring intervention towards the enhancement of desirable housing standards for the population. The prevalence of dilapidated residential units, seismic vulnerability of the city, and the ongoing trend of population growth and migration in Damghan highlight the necessity of studying the domain of desirable housing for its populace in this city. This research, both in terms of its applied objective and analytical approach, adopts a descriptive-analytical stance. Data collection instruments in this study endeavor to utilize secondary data for conducting relevant analyses relying on an objective approach. Analyses were conducted utilizing ranking techniques such as Coperas, Moora, and Oreste methods, and ultimately the Copeland technique; while spatial distribution analysis of indices was performed using GIS software, and statistical discussions were conducted employing SPSS software. Findings indicate that among the 9 districts of Damghan, districts 2, 4, and 9 exhibit the highest levels of both quantitative and qualitative housing indices, whereas districts 7, 5, and 1 demonstrate the lowest levels of the aforementioned indices. Results from the spatial autocorrelation test using Global Moran's I also suggest a random pattern of indices dispersion at the district level in this city, emphasizing the involvement of numerous factors in shaping such a pattern. Dilapidation of residential units, district antiquity, and uneven distribution of urban amenities across districts are among the primary reasons contributing to this pattern. Ultimately, this study proposes the identification of inadequate neighborhoods in terms of housing quality, implementation of neighborhood-based housing redevelopment processes, and municipal emphasis on housing quality within regulations and oversight as recommendations towards enhancing housing quality at the urban level in Damghan.

Coastal tourism has the potential to provide economic and employment opportunities in destination countries. This research aimed to evaluate the factors influencing the development of coastal tourism in Iran using a multi-criteria decision-making methods. Therefore, the influential factors in the development of coastal tourism in Iran were identified using literature review, expert opinions, and the fuzzy Delphi method. This research was exploratory in terms of purpose, applied in nature, and employed a survey method for data collection. The research population consisted of experts in the field of coastal tourism in Iran. A judgmental sampling method was used to select the sample. After collecting the data, the importance and weight of each factor were identified by Shannon’s entropy method. Then, using the additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method, factors were evaluated and prioritized. According to the entropy method, the factor "marketing and advertising about tourist attractions in coastal areas" was the most important in the development of coastal tourism in Iran. The results of the ARAS method showed that among the factors affecting the development of coastal tourism in Iran, "security of coastal areas", "creation of employment opportunities and attention to local products and businesses in coastal areas" and "recreational facilities in coastal areas" had the highest priority.

As a subset of health tourism, medical tourism has become one of the most popular and fastest-growing trends in the healthcare and tourism industry, annually has about 20% increase in income. Nowadays, it represents one of the flourishing sectors in the tourism markets. Perceiving its great potential and opportunities, dozens of developing nations have joined this contest and are seriously pursuing the policies effective for increasing their attractiveness for this lucrative/profitable segment of the global tourism industry. During the recent years, there has been a remarkable growth in the development trend of this sector of tourism industry in moving towards service integration of medical and tourism domains. This in turn can act as an effective policy for increasing Iran’s attractiveness as a medical tourism destination and create new competitive advantage.

Applied in nature, this study was conducted by using qualitative-quantitative research method. To do so, in the first stage, content analysis was selected as the research strategy. The data were sorted through open and axial coding and finally were put into MAXQDA-18 software to be analyzed. Sorted through questionnaire and interview, the obtained data were submitted to the professors and respective authorities in the field of health tourism. In this way, the indexes/indicators and sub-indexes/sub-indicators were finalized through expert panel. In the second stage, quantitative evaluation of indexes was done by taking a quantitative approach by using FUZZY DEMATEL technique to illustrate the way in which the identified indexes affect and are affected by each other. Finally, the relative weight and rank of each of the indexes and sub-indexes were calculated by using AHP technique.

In this research, the indexes and sub-indexes for the development of health villages in moving towards the expansion of medical tourism were coded, sorted and determined in terms of 19 indexes and 105 sub-indexes. Based on the findings of research, from among the indexes in question, the most effective indexes were advertising and marketing, quality and facilities of hospital and medical centers, service quality of physicians, specialists and nursing staff while the most effective indexes were the environmental status and policy making. From expert panel’s perspective, the indexes of medical treatments, service quality of physician, specialists and nurses, quality and facilities of hospital and medical centers, natural treatments, advertising and marketing and access to medical information were of higher significance compared to other involved factors in moving towards the development of medical tourism in Iran. In this study, medical factors included natural, traditional and medical indexes. From among the sub-indexes, infertility treatments, organ transplantation, orthopedic services (rehabilitation and Arthroplasty/joint replacement), cosmetic surgeries, alimentary and cardiovascular services, dentistry, Ophthalmology, different types of hydrotherapy and plant therapy ranked higher in order of priority. From type of treatment perspective, the most important theories supporting the index of natural treatments included heat regulation theory, energy sources recovery theory, body energy conservation theory and Niels Finnsen’s theory (1903). As far as traditional treatments are concerned, holistic approach to patient (Holistic nursing care) (holistic philosophy) and Humorisme (blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile), local theories and experiences in different cultures, compliance theory in Chinese culture and Ying-Yang balance theory (Hung, 2009) can be considered as the theories and models supporting this index. Furthermore, biomedical theories (Schaffner, 1993; Thagard, 1996, 1999) can also be of high significance for medical treatments. Regarding the factors related to the quality of medical and tourism services and facilities as one of the most important factors involved in the development of medical tourism, the present research has focused on three major indexes, namely quality and facilities of hospitals, services quality of physicians, specialists and nurses, quality of tourism services and attractions with 17 sub-indexes. From among these sub-indexes, tourism safety, care quality of physicians and nurses, advanced equipment and physician specialty occupied the highest ranks, respectively. Communications and marketing factors included 2 indexes, namely language and communications and advertising and marketing and 9 sub-indexes from which branding, inter-organizational and inter-departmental cooperation and tourism package obtained the highest ranks in terms of priority. The theories and models supporting this index were as follows: marketing mix model, promotion dimension (promotional marketing mix model) (Ricafort, 2011), push-pull theory, supply dimension (Fetscherin & Stephano,2016), Pike’s model of competitive advantages sources (2004), dimensions of communication resources, development resources and implementation resources (Pike, 2004), Crouch & Ritchie’s model, dimension of destination management (Crouch, 2007). Considering the high significance of information and communications technology in expansion of health villages and consequently, the medical tourism, from among the sub-indexes, electronic access to treatment follow-up, access of authorities to health tourists’ statistics for planning in this section of tourism, access to information relating to medical costs were found to be of the highest importance, respectively. In the same vein, the theories supporting this index were Poon’s model, dimension of information technology (Poon, 1993) and World Economic Forum, dimension of electronic infrastructures (Schwab, 2017).

To increase Iran’s attractiveness as a medical tourism destination, this research attempted to identify, sort and prioritize the factors relating to the expansion of medical tourism considering the capabilities, relative advantages and service provision facilities available in Iran. This was done for the purpose of capacity building based on global competition criteria in the medical tourism domain and by taking the approach of service integration to satisfy the tourist's welfare and identify active and successful private centers. Considering all the involved factors as integrated, the respective authorities are required to pay particular attention to the indexes and sub-indexes of high priority so as to compile, design and implement short- and long-term strategies. These strategies should be determined proportionate to the identified indexes in order to realize all the healthcare capacities and meet the main objectives of Iran’s vision plan.

Proportionate distribution of facilities, equipment, and Proficient human forces who are directly involved in the health of society is of great importance. The present descriptive-analytical study aimed to rank the Counties of Ardabil province with respect to the health care development indicators. Access to health carefacilities and their distribution across the Countieswere determined by employing 26 health indicators, applying TOPSIS and VIKORdecision making models,and unifying the results by Borda and Copeland techniques, mean-rank, and integration. The findings revealed the gap and inequality among the Counties of the province and a marked difference in access tohealth care facilities and infrastructures. The results of the integration method revealed that among the Counties of the province, just the county of Ardabil, the center of the province, had very favorable conditions. The Counties of Khalkhal and Meshginshahr had favorable conditions. The most deprived county in terms of access to health care facilities was Sarein and the other Counties were classified as deprived or somewhat deprived areas. The findings indicate that it is possible to change the spatial inequalities of development towards balanced growth by decentralization of facilities from the center of the province and proper distribution of facilities and equipment with a justice-oriented approach and also the distribution of health care equipment in proportion to the population of Counties.

The urban life of the West Azerbaijan Province has been faced many changes in recent years, and has seen a lot of demographic and physical changes. In order to achieve a balanced and justice-centered development which improves all residents lives, we need a correct recognition and optimized proper planning in the cities of the province. Because, the increasing split in the cultural, social, economic fields and other fields in different regions, is the evidence of a failure to complete the goals of justice-centered planning and sustainable development. This paper, tries to Identify the status of social sustainability indexes in the cities of West Azerbaijan province by using quantitative Techniques. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate and measure the feasibility of the social sustainability in different cities of the province.

The overall approach of this research is a quantitative research type and in terms of the data collection method which it is based on library-documentary and survey data. In the first step of research, in order to identify the social sustainability indexes and related indicators, various sources and databases were used. Accordingly, five main indexes were identified in this context. Totally 35 indicators for 5 indexes were evaluated. The statistical population of this study is the 42 cities of West Azerbaijan province which among them, 13 cities have been studied as samples. In order to analyze the collected data, we have used the multi-index decision-making methods (vikor). Also, the analysis of the impact of economic components on the utility of social sustainability in the studied cities, are specified by Use of the regression method like the Enter method in the path and beta coefficients (β) analysis.

After collecting data and information by using the entropy method, the relative weight of each index is calculated. The public health index with a score of 230.0 points has earned the highest score. Also, the sense of belonging to the location index among the residents of the province cities has the lowest score with a score of 172.0. The ranking of the cities in the province is based on social sustainability indexes, using the cluster analysis and SPSS software in Table 1, shows that Urmia city with Zero advantage function is in the steady state in terms of social sustainability and Urmia metropolis is the best city in terms of social sustainability indexes in the province and Khoy and Noushin cities have a potential stability status with the advantage function of 0.452 and 0.446, respectively. Whereas, 45% of the studied cities have a potential instability status or unstable status. Also, 32% of the studied cities have a moderate status in terms of social sustainability indexes. The average amount of advantage function (Q), the utility of social sustainability indexes in the cities of the province, is equal to 0.622. Therefore, the cities of West Azerbaijan province are below the average in terms of social sustainability indexes and need to be strengthened and invested. Table 1: The utility of social sustainability in cities of West Azerbaijan, based on the values of the advantage function(Q)Row Cities (Q) Rating Sustainability desirability1 Urmia 0 1 Sustainable2 Khoy 0.452 2 Potential Sustainability3 Noushin city 0.462 3 4 Tekab 0.568 4 Medium Sustainability5 Salmas 0.578 5 6 Mahabad 0.578 6 7 Maku 0.630 7 8 Dizajdiz City 0.709 8 Potential insustainability9 Mohamadyar 0.750 9 10 Miandoab 0.770 10 11 Bazargan 0.772 11 12 Naghta 0.840 12 13 Bukan 0.965 13 UnsustainabilityDispersion coefficient Q= 0.40The dispersion coefficient and the inequality rate of the studied cities is about 0.40 in terms of sustainability indexes which shows a relatively moderate imbalance in the index indicators in the cities of the province. The results also show that there is a significant correlation between the advantage function (Q) of the sustainable social development and the population of the cities of the province. In fact, the distribution and method of allocating resources and benefits is the most important factor which defines the relationship between population and development which it has not been balanced in the cities of the province. Evaluation of the economic components effect (including economic support burden, unemployment rate, employment rate, female employment rate, male employment rate) on the utility of social sustainability in the studied cities shows that economic support burden and unemployment rate with negative coefficients of -0.16 and -0.07 respectively, and employment rate with a positive coefficient of 0.29, female employment rate and male employment rate with positive coefficients of 0.21 and 0.47 respectively, are effective in the utility of social sustainability in the studied cities. Indeed, the economic support burden is a potential social problem, which reveals the dependence of the individual or individuals of the society on the people who work and provide their own livelihoods and others and the unemployment rate, which is directly related to the economic growth and job creation, have had a negative and decreasing effect on the social sustainability indexes in the studied cities.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the social sustainability level of the west Azerbaijan province cities, based on a set of some sustainability attitudes. Results of the calculations related to the social sustainability indexes in the province cities, indicate that 45% of the studied cities in the West Azerbaijan province are in the potentially unstable or unstable status in terms of social sustainability indexes. The research results show that among the evaluated indexes in the cities of West Azerbaijan, the public health index has earned the highest score. Urmia city has the best situation in terms of this index among the cities of the province, and on the contrary, Bukan city has the worst status in the public health indexes. The cluster rating results also show that 46% of the studied cities are in unfavorable conditions in terms of utility of the social sustainability indexes.

The rise of inequality and lack of attention to the countryside in recent decades has been the weakness and accelerating the destruction of the centers of settlement and create an imbalance within the area of space and one hand, the flow of services, capital, information and population towards urban centers, addition encounter of rural settlements with maximum extent of poverty, inequality and backwardness double in comparison to other population centers, Have necessitated the need for Spatial Planning in rural areas than before. Therefore, present study was conducted to assess rural development in the municipalities of the County of Qazvin, Is an applied research which is carried out using fuzzy MADM methods. The research method is descriptive and analytical, the data gathering method is library and collected according to research objectives based on data and General Population and Housing Census statistics tables and forms common (In particular the Statistical Yearbook of 2011 Qazvin Province). The statistical population of whole the Rural districts in Qazvin County has to assess the level of their development, 76 components in the form of development indicators, from official statistics Bushehr Province extracted and was evaluated using the technique of Fuzzy VIKOR. The findings of research analysis outlining a regional space Rural inequality County of Qazvin and unfair allocation of resources and rural services, Showed that a total of indicators, the Rural districts in Iqbal sharghi and Iqbal gharbi, has the highest rate of development and the rural district of Alamut paiin, Khandan and Alamut bala , Have the lowest rural development. In the end, to eliminate regional imbalances and social justice in rural areas of Qazvin County, Practical recommendations were presented and determine development priorities in separate rural district.

Recognizing and explore the possibility and bottlenecks, an essential first step in the planning process is the rural areas development. In this respect, determining optimal points for the establishment of service centers and measure the degree of rural areas development is of special importance; which often done using quantitative methods. This study conducted using AHP method to select the best points for the establishment of service centers in the Gheizanieh rural district of Ahvaz township; then methods multiple attribute decision making of compensation as well as integrated collection were used to determine the degree of rural development mentioned rural district. This research in terms of nature and method of descriptive and analytical, in terms of purpose is practical researches. Data collection was conducted in two ways: completing the questionnaires of 30 expert rural affairs and general population and housing census data in the year 1390. Data analysis was conducted on the ArcGIS10.3 and software Expert Choice, Excel and Visual Promethee. The results show which between parameters selected study, population density criterion of 0.261 percent, most points allocated as well as access to infrastructure measures, access to health and care services and access to means of communication and transportation are important in later stages. Map overlap criteria, indicates that two villages, nearly four percent of the study area in a very suitable position, two percent in the suitable position, about 32 percent of the moderately suitable, about 52 percent in the range unfavorable and about 10 percent of the study area located also quite unsuitable position to establish of optimal rural service centers. Thus, the two villages Nezheh and Gheizanieh Bozorg as the most developed rural district, has the greatest potential for creating service centers at the district level were detected.

This study was conducted to assess rural development in the rural districts of the province, applied research is a method of utilizing Association with Fuzzy Multi Attribute Decision Making. Research Methodology descriptive and analytical and the data gathering method documents and collect the purposes of the research data and information on population and housing census statistics tables and forms common(especially Statistical Yearbook 2011 Bushehr province). The study population was the whole Rural district of Bushehr Province, To assess the level of their development, with 84 components in the form of development indicators from official statistics Bushehr Province and examined using the technique of Fuzzy VIKOR. The findings of research analysis outlining a space for unequal region and unfair allocation of resources and rural services in rural areas of Bushehr Province, Showed that a total of indicators, Rural districts suburbs (county of Bushehr), Assaluyeh, Zyrrah, Poshtkuh, Has the highest rate development and rural districts Anarstan, Bordekhoon, Lyravy middle and Abdan have had the lowest rates of rural development. In the end to eliminate regional imbalances in Bushehr Province and social justice in rural areas of Counties of Bushehr Province, Was presented applied suggestions and determined development priorities to segregation rural district.

Space organization or homogeneous development of space organizing is a necessity concern of politicians and planners in the various national, regional and trans-regional scales. Space planning or spatial arrangement is a trend for efficiency making, logical arranging, balance maintaining, equilibrium, and harmony between population and economic infrastructures established in geographic space. Also, it is intended to prevent possible imbalances and destructive-negative reflections on the land space. In this study, we analyze some development indicators in the 4 boundaries counties of Fars Province corresponding to social-economic, education-culture, health care and infrastructural services with 13 sub-indicators. The prevailing approach of this research, despite the applicability, takes a descriptive and analytical nature. In order to guarantee the credibility and precision, all calculations perform under the statistical analysis methods such as Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) followed by Entropy Shannon to calculate of the weight of each index. The results of this research indicated that among the border Counties of Fars Province, the county of Shiraz and Neyriz ranked first whereas we observed suitable qualifications in development index.

Quality of life is not a novel concept and denotes various meanings in varied domains. Generally, quality of life can be measured using objective and subjective indicators in various aspects. These aspects can subsume such fields as nutritional, educational, hygiene, security and leisure time. On the other hand, nowadays in development planning literature, the issue of quality of life is constantly being considered, by development planners and managers, as a basic principle.
Theoretical Framework: Quality of life is not a novel concept. Geographers have always been trying to optimize the mutual relationship between man and nature in order to improve his life. The concept of quality of life denotes various meanings in varied domains. Urban quality of life can be calculated in terms of a person, a family, or a society. According to World Health Organization (WHO), quality of life is people’s perception of their status in life in terms of culture, value systems in which they live, goals, expectations, norms, and priorities. In 2005, The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) mentioned 9 factors in their studies of quality of life: 1. material wellbeing, 2. health, 3. political stability and security, 4. family life, 5.community life, 6. climate and geography, 7. job security, 8. political freedom, and 9. gender equality.
Two types of indicators for evaluating urban quality of life have been more agreed upon by experts. First are objective indicators, referring to tangible aspects of urban life such as: number of hospitals in a city, unemployment rate, crime rate, and green spaces. Second group of indicators are subjective ones which can be measured qualitatively and include such factors as: citizen’s degree of satisfaction with health services, employment opportunities, security, and accessibility of green spaces. In the first approach, secondary data are used for developing the indicators and, to a large degree, it hinges upon the statistics gathered from the city in question in various years. In the second approach, using subjective indicators instead of secondary data, citizen’s opinions are directly analyzed and their degree of satisfaction is evaluated from various aspects.
The present study is a developmental-practical one and was conducted using a combination of descriptive, documentary, and analytical methods. The collected data on 14 indicators for the cities of Mazandaran province has been selected for this study. The indicators included: population density, ratio of divorce to the total number of marriages, unemployment rate, literacy rate, electricity, water, gas and telephone users’ ratio to the total population, the ratio of urban population to the entire population, number of murder and involuntary manslaughter lawsuits, number of residential houses built using steel structure, number of residential houses built using concrete, province’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and life expectancy. For weighing the indicators, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and for evaluating the quality of urban life multi-attribute decision making through Simple Additive Weighing (SAW) were used. The important point in decision-making indices of these models is that positive and negative indicators are used simultaneously in the matrix. In order to make various measuring indicators comparable, normalization was used to make indices dimensionless and additive.
Findings and The findings reveal that Sari County is in the first place, Amol in the second place, Babol in the third place, and counties of Juybar, Savadkuh, and Galugah, with a huge gap, occupy the bottom of the list regarding the urban quality of life in Mazandaran province. The huge gap in quality of life among the urban districts of this province is a testament to the great inequality in accessibility and concentration of facilities and urban services in some counties along with the lack of urban facilities and inattention of authorities in some smaller counties of Mazandaran province.
Conclusion and Suggestions: Urban quality of life is a new concept and an interdisciplinary, multidimensional science which, by the prevalence of urbanism in the 20th century and its aftermath in various fields, gradually took shape under the influence of various theories, movements, and schools of thought. Finding indicators, combining indices of assessment, and evaluating changes in urban quality of life are the most important issues concerning quality of life. While subjective indicators are figures and statistics regarding real conditions of citizens’ lives; objective indicators, on the other hand, deal with citizens’ mental, psychological perceptions, and their degree of satisfaction with urban life. The findings reveal that, regarding the disproportionate rates of urban quality of life in counties of Mazandaran province and for the purpose of moving towards integrated urban management, considering the inextricable role of sustainable development in resolution of problems facing human society and bringing welfare and comfort, correct and comprehensive planning, for decentralizing urban facilities and services together with orienting development plans towards economic evolution and creation of new job opportunities should be considered.

Spatial Planning is a comprehensive and methodological totality from the composition of management capacities and comprehensive geographical indicators. This combined knowledge, deals with, organizing space, developed for the purpose, homogeneous and heterogeneous distribution of development in all areas and land areas and support sustainable development. Thus, identification and characterization of the spatial distribution of discrimination and injustice in the way that knowledge is possible. This study aims to examine how such a distributed development is conducted in the province. Among the indicators of development, infrastructure and health facilities opted to investigate the distribution and development of Hormozgan province-level city (14 elected city) is compared. The methodology of this study is descriptive-analytical and using of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques like combined methods of TOPSIS, AHP and Cluster Analysis. The results showed that there is a level of deprivation in the province in terms of health status indicators, and spatial distribution, so that the city of Shiraz, as the political center of the province, is developed most, city of geography of organization, is a relatively large difference between the development index and other cities.

Study and explain the regional power structure in different geographical regions on earth and help to create awareness and understanding of the countries and regional powers. The classification of countries according to national power, to facilitate their understanding. But all of them are limited in terms of one or more variables or later, the world ranking and comparing national power never reflect a comprehensive overview of countries. In this study, the position of national power in the Middle East countries using Multiple Attribute Decision Making compensation will be reviewed. In order to determine the parameters for the modified entropy techniques and methods; SAW, TOPSIS, ELECTRA, to evaluate and rank the options in the study of national power, the Middle East, are used. The sensitivity analysis on the parameters, the results are examined. Models used to measure and compare national strength in this study was provided by the author's research and innovation counts. Methods and compositions of the models and variables and parameters influencing national power is superior than previous models. Final results of this study show that, in the region of three levels detectable power is primarily the powers including Turkey, Iran. Second powers order, including Israel, Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Third powers order including Syria, Jordan, UAE, Lebanon, Oman, Iraq, Kuwait, Yemen, Bahrain and Qatar respectively.

In this paper، Ranking Alternatives by Limiting Substitution Possibilities of Indicators (RALSPI) method is proposed as a Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method. Many MCDM methods have been developed over the years، but little is known about their shortcomings on similar problems. This study explores the main faults of some of the classical MCDM methods including SAW، TOPSIS، AHP، LINMAP، Numerical Taxonomy and Morris. The rationale for such selection has been that most of these are among the most popular and widely used methods in regional studies of classifying the development level of settlements، and each method reflects a different approach to solve MCDM problems. The RALSPI method resolves significant shortcomings of these methods. Theoretical bases: The typical MCDM problem is concerned with the task of ranking a finite number of decision alternatives، each of which is explicitly described in terms of different characteristics (also often called attributes، decision criteria، or objectives) which have to be taken into account simultaneously. MCDM plays a critical role in many real-life problems; it is hard to accept an MCDM method as being accurate all the time (Wang and Triantaphyllou، 2008). Several methods have been proposed for solving MCDM problems. The major criticism of MCDM methods is that different techniques may yield different results when applied to the same problem، apparently under the same assumptions and by a single DM (Zanakis et al.، 1998). Voogd (1983) found that، at least 40% of the time، each technique produced a different result from any other technique. Practitioners seem to prefer simple and transparent methods (Hobbs et al.، 1992). According to Hobbs et al. (1992) a good experiment should satisfy the following conditions: Compare methods that are widely used، represent divergent philosophies of decision making or claimed to represent important methodological improvements.

The efficiency of a method is not merely a function of the theory supporting it or how rigorous it is mathematically speaking. The other aspects which are also very important، relate to its ease of using، user understanding and faith in the results، and method reliability (Hobbs et al.، 1992). This section presents a new systematic MCDM approach، RALSPI، for evaluating and ranking alternatives. In fact، the RALSPI is a systematic method for decision problems with many criteria and alternatives. The algorithm for the proposed approach will be developed in eight steps. In this method، decisional process is decomposed into a hierarchy of criteria clusters، criteria، and alternatives. The RALSPI procedure is as follows: (In the RALSPI method، the decision matrix and the weight vector w are given as crisp values a priori.