جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "توزیع خدمات" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

Today's cities, especially in developing countries, have rapidly developed after the industrial revolution due to continuous population growth and urbanization, and this growth and development has had many consequences. One of these consequences or crises in human societies is rooted in social inequalities and the lack of social and economic justice, and has become one of the serious issues for urban planners and managers. The aim of this research is to evaluate the spatial justice in Ahvaz city based on its population distribution. The research method is descriptive-analytical and is based on the land use map of Ahvaz municipality and statistical blocks in 2016. In this study, 12 information layers were used as the physical layers of Ahvaz city. These layers were analyzed using the fuzzy gamma method, and the map of spatial justice status was obtained. Based on the analysis of the 12 information layers in Ahvaz city and their distribution, it was determined that most of the facilities and services are concentrated in the center of Ahvaz city, and approximately 46% of the city's area is in a very unfavorable situation. Only 5% of the total area of Ahvaz city has a very favorable status. In general, we have 15% of the city's area in favorable and very favorable situations in Ahvaz. Also, according to the analysis, about 33% of the population of Ahvaz city are in a situation of lack of access to services and facilities. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that spatial justice does not exist well for all citizens in Ahvaz city, and the centralization of the city has deprived many of the city's residents of suitable and accessible services and facilities. Population analysis and land use distribution indicate a mismatch in the distribution of services and facilities based on population distribution.

Today, one of the important issues in regional planning, The issue of balanced and proportionate development of basic services is proportional to the distribution of the population of that region. Because non-distribution of services will lead to demographic, social and complex spatial problems, in the direction of equitable distribution and balanced development of the regions. The purpose of this research is to measure the level of urban-rural infrastructure services and its relationship with demographic distribution in Khorasan Razavi province. This is a descriptive-analytic study. For collecting data, documentary and field studies were used to analyze the raw data and classify the cities of Khorasan Razavi province using multi-criteria decision making models and GIS software. The findings of the Vikor and AHPF model in the province's cities indicate non-distribution balanced of services. The city of Mashhad has the highest level, and the cities of Sabzevar and Neyshabur are moderate, and Khalil Abad and Jovein are in the unfavorable level. Considering that the city of Mashhad is the first Iranian pilgrimage city, it is the largest attraction zone of the province, it seems that these services are not balanced in comparison with other population centers. And so the research seeks out what strategies can be made to reach the equilibrium point, given local and regional conditions that are practical and feasible. Pearson test was used to investigate the relationship between demographic indicators and the status of cities in terms of urban services. The results showed that there is a direct relationship between population density and population growth rate with the focus of services. The distance from the center of the province is not significantly related to the level of facilities.

  Spatial inequality in the deployment of area residents and activities is not a new phenomenon in any part of the world. But in developing countries, the spatial divergence between regions is exacerbated by the socioeconomic disparities and inequality in the distribution of essential services. Proper and optimal distribution of basic facilities in the social, economic, cultural and health sectors across regions and regions is one of the most important factors in preventing inequality and gaps in development and proper spatial distribution of population across the land. One of these areas is the metropolis of Mashhad in Khorasan Razavi province, which comprises a significant part of the population and is then hierarchically located in the cities of Neyshabur and Sabzevar. In this regard, we are dealing with cities that have not been able to compete with such large metropolitan areas, but this does not mean that the metropolitan areas of Khorasan Razavi have all the potential but rather that they should be compared to the population in which they are located. The city of Mashhad itself has many deprived areas that cannot compete with the central parts of the city and its populations lack basic and basic services on a large scale. Therefore, this research seeks to find out what is feasible and feasible for local and regional conditions, so that the province can be brought to regional equilibrium. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between population component distribution and basic services with the spatial justice approach in Khorasan Razavi cities. The obtained results were obtained through combination models and rank-sum method and correlation method.

 In this study, the integration model (a combination of multi-criteria decision making models) is used to analyze and weight the research indicators of the model (TOPSIS), and to integrate the eight indicators, the VIKOR model and the model A fuzzy hierarchy (AHPF) is used. At the end of the research, Pearson correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between population indices (population density and population growth rate) with the degree of basic services of provincial cities.  

Findings of Vikor model and AHPF model in Khorasan Razavi province provinces show unbalanced distribution. Mashhad is in the highest level and the cities of Sabzevar and Neyshabur are in the average level and Khalilabad and Javin are in the lower level. Pearson test was used to examine the relationship between population density, distance of cities from provincial centers and population growth rate with the status of provinces. The results of this test show that there is a direct relationship between population density and natural growth rate with the distribution of urban services such that Mashhad, Neyshabour, Sabzevar and Quchan have the highest density and natural growth rate among provincial cities. They have a relatively favorable spatial distribution. The results showed that the relationship between the cities distance from the center of the province and the rate of enjoyment of the urban services index is very weak, so that Neyshabur and Sabzevar cities have relatively high distance with the capital city in the high ranks. They are indexed by municipal services, while Binaloud is 68 kilometrs from the provincial capital. Also by comparing the distance of Torbat-e-Heydariyeh and Torbat-Jam cities, both of which are approximately the same distance from the provincial capital but do not have the same status in terms of Utilities Index. In other words, the distance from the provincial capital does not guarantee superior municipal services at the regional level.

Given that many cities of Khorasan Razavi province are in undesirable level, paying attention to the potentials and capabilities of these areas, especially in the cultural and health index, can lead to significant spatial inequalities in the distribution of services and facilities. Reduce the need for balanced and balanced development at the regional level.

Social justice is one of the most important urban management and planning issues. Paying attention to the importance of equitable distribution of services and facilities in urban areas is one of the most important factors in reducing neighborhood inequalities and increasing the level of social welfare and sustainability of urban life. In this study, 12 areas of Babol city were ranked according to 5 criteria and 44 sub-indices in terms of urban services and facilities by multi-criteria decision making models. The research method is descriptive-analytical and has been developed to collect pesticides and minerals. According to the results of the regional rank 3 with the highest rate and region 12 with the lowest rank. Also, the distribution of indicators and variables in the areas of this city is not fair and harmonious, as service distance decreases with increasing distance from the city center. Accordingly, the level of enjoyment in central areas (3, 4 and 10) is higher than the outer and marginal areas of the city (6, 9) and the educational-cultural index has a more unbalanced distribution.

The square distribution of services and sources among the different areas of city and the  citizens' equal access to these services is the synonym of sicial justice, due to the fact that the unfair access to the sources would cause the sicial crisis and complex spatial problems, and also the justly appropriate distribution would lead to the balanced development of urban areas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the coordination level of population and urban services in different areas of Ilam city and to present the optimal solutions in order to reach to a balanced services distribution at the city level for all citizens to use the urban services.

The present study is based on the analytic_descriptive methododology with the practical purpose. Spss and factor and cluster analysis have been used to survey the urban services distribution in Ilam.

The results of the study indicate that among the three indicators of urban services and among the neighborhoods of Ilam, the physical index circumstances are in a better position than other indicators. The economical index is in a mild optimal position. On the other hand, based on the two comparative analysis methods (factor, cluster), it is concluded that the central area is in the best position, and the area of Shadabad in in a mild position, while other areas like Janbazan, Chalimar, Norouzabad, Azadegan, Razmandegan, and Banbarz are in an inappropriate situation

The situation arose due to problems such as: lack of continuous management (during the 21 years 13 mayor has changed); weakness in the formulation and implementation of laws; maladministration and inconsistency between the urban management systems and the lack of integrated vision; the volatility of municipality revenues; overcoming the look Tribal citizenship look; undesirable dispersion of congestion; per capita consumption of recreational amenities.

Nowadays cities especially those in developing countries, regarding population growth and continuous urbanization, need spatial justice in appropriate using of different urban public services more than any time. Urban services especially in neighborhoods play a crucial role in the formation of urban systems. problems caused by inappropriate distribution of urban services the urban elements and spatial justice. Geographical and spatial justice means fair distribution of services and therefore it is achieving a balanced society and social justice. Among these problems, the issue of inappropriate service of urban districts and public service contradicts spatial justice. it is impossible to deprive a part of population from urban services. Deprivation to these services with higher cost leads to more spatial inequalities in cities.Qazvin like most of other cities in the country suffers from unequal urban services. Accordingly, the present research, regarding the concept of spatial justice,the relationship between population and service distribution and inhabitants’ access of 19 districts in Qazvin. The methodology used was used descriptive and analytical and data gathering was done through library and survey. To investigate the distribution of the population relative Entropy model was used to analyze the spatial inequalities related to the distribution of services in the areas VIKOR model was used.Results from Entropy (0.74152) show that population distribution has not appropriately occurred in urban areas in Qazvin. Areas 15, 16 and 19 with the highest percentage of population enjoyed the least facilities. Area 8 with 0.8410-Q and area 17 with 0.889-Q enjoyed the least facilities and areas 12 and 13 enjoyed the highest facilities in the VIKOR model.Results obtained by Chi- Square Test and AVONA indicate this significant difference in citizens’ satisfaction regarding differences in distribution of opportunities regarding differences in distribution of opportunities and access to urban services. urban service distribution is not in accordance with the areas’ needs and distributed services are not used by citizens.

This study analyzes the spatial distribution of population among districts in Ahvaz by ranking them. The research way is descriptive analytical models and taxonomy, SAR, SAW, entropy , Kapland and borad index is used. The population is eight area of Ahwaz metropolitan. Ahvaz city, according to latest census of 1390 the population was 1112668 and intern of distribution and access to municipal services, population growth is not appropriate. The correlation coefficient obtained with a value of 0.619 indicates that the distribution and population density in the city of Ahwaz, there is a weak relationship. Combining the results of the model show in 1 area looks increase in population and in region 6,7 and 8 in order to increase the level of coordination between the needs of the population and service so we can say with a balance distribution of service across metropolitan areas in Ahwaz according to the needs of population can reach a balance in urban areas. Therefore, the relationship between the distribution of the population and services in eight districts in Ahwaz to achieve sustainability and social justice seems necessary.

The beginnings of social justice rooted in spatial and environmental justice. Since the civil service is considered as a public good, the estimation and the correct positioning is in the area of urban management, so it cannot deprived some parts of the society. Spatial justice as the fair distribution of urban services and facilities is one of the justice society approaches to achieve a harmonious society and social justice. Lack of proper distribution services make injustice and dissatisfaction among citizens of their location and city managers. The research method is descriptive-analytic. In order to analyze the distribution of municipal services in 19 District of Tehran, Vikor model was used. The results show that the services are not distributed in 19 district of Tehran, so that in terms of spatial equity of presented indicators, North Shariati neighborhood with a score of 0.042 has the highest level of the facilities and services and Shahid Kazemi neighborhood with a score of 1, has the lowest enjoyment of facilities and services of 19 district

Today one of the most important issues in urban planning, discussion of balanced and proportionate development in cities having a population of urban services is appropriate. The urban planners to collect and analyze local and spatial data and reflect the results to urban managers are trying in achieving this goal is the distribution of urban facilities and services will lead to a way that will benefit all social groups in society and lead to social and spatial justice in cities. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between population distribution and the distribution of urban services in urban regions, 37 urban regions of Tabriz and evaluation its urban areas and its population; the civil service has been made. In this study, to assess the distribution of population of the relative entropy model and to assess distribution of services have been used TOPSIS model. The method of this study is descriptive-analytical. The results of entropy model indicates that the distribution of population is proportionate in Tabriz; Also, the evaluation results the distribution of urban services in urban regions indicate that regions of zone 9,10 Tabriz which have the lowest utility and region 1 of zone 2 and zone 3 in the TOPSIS model are having the greatest enjoyment of civil service. Also, the evaluation results correlation between population rank and to its impact on the enjoyment of civil service pay, by using of the Spearman model about (0.4991) shows a high correlation between population rank and access to urban services exist.

Spatial justice is a focal point in the field of urban facilities planning, and a branch of social justice, in which neighborhood's status, in terms of distribution of services and and the enjoyment of various economic, social and infrastructure indicators, are examined. In this paper, spatial justice in distribution of urban services in 18 neighborhoods of Tehran's 6th district was studied. The research method is descriptive-analytical. In a way that at first, using VIKOR model, we analyzed the distribution of services in neighborhoods. Then, in order to evaluate the urban management in distribution of services, SPSS statistical tests were used. The results of vikor model show an unfair distribution of services at the neighborhoods of 6th district. Argentina-Saaee, and Vali Asr Square neighborhood, with the score of (0.069) and (0.083) enjoyed better services; and Jannat-Roftegar, and Fatemi neighborhoods with score (1) and (0.863), had the weakest service distribution. Findings showed citizen dissatisfaction from service distribution. In a way that Keshawarz and Qezel-Qale had the highest and lowest level of satisfaction in case of distribution of services. The reason for this can be found in the lack of participating the citizens, having non-defined neighborhood usages in the civil management system of Iran, the lack or decline of infrastructure facilities, and services and the unclear status of councils -as a link between citizens and civil managers. These are the important factors, intensifying the inequality between neighborhoods. As urban management is the main axle of services distribution among neighborhoods, it can play a better role in the distribution of services, with acquiring knowledge of how the way of services distribution in the neighborhoods, and citizen satisfaction level of that distribution.

Spatial justice with scientific and humanitarian teachings, cause the weaknesses and strengths in different areas. Since most of the allocation and distribution of national and regional resources in the country through focused planning, The present study is an analysis of spatial justice of rural services in the Isfahan province. The research method is descriptive and analytic. The required data were collected through documents. This study, using the 8 Rural Services measures consists of 77 variables was performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel. Validity of measures confirms using factor analysis and then used as input to numerical taxonomy technic. The obtained results using the GIS software were designed as a map and charts. In this research counties were divided into three groups in terms of distribution of rural services. The results indicated that there is inequality in the distribution of services and showed that rural services are not distributed fairly in the counties of Isfahan province. In other words, in the sparsely populated areas, focused service centers and in more densely populated areas, the lack of service evident. And for rural service delivery in the Isfahan province not pay any attention to important factors such as population.

Equal access of human beings to health services has promoted health level for social activities and has created growth and development space in society. From the perspective of social justice the present study aimed to analyze health services of 24 cities of Khuzestan province regarding health indicators and using TOPSIS model. It was determined that Ahvaz enjoyed more favorable status than other cities of province. Then using Morris model the development level of cities was divided to four groups, developed, developing, least developed and poor and their distribution was revealed using geographic information systems. And considering all cities of province, results showed 6 developed, 8 developing, 8 least developed and 2 deprived cities. Regarding the results of coefficient variation, the highest inequality belonged to Bawi with 3.118 and the lowest inequality to Ahvaz with 2.194 and considering indicators, the pharmacists with 3.351 and care home staff with 0.274 had the highest and lowest coefficients respectively. Finally the results of Pearson correlation test showed there was a positive and significant correlation between the degree of urbanization and enjoyment of health indicators among the cities of Khuzestan province.

Amount and status of municipal services’ distribution can have an effective role on spatial commutation of people and population variations in urban regions, and since taking equal distribution of population into account is one of the criteria of civic sustainable development, the distribution of municipal services should satisfy spatial justice. The goal of this research is to evaluate the coordination level in population sparseness and services’ distribution in different areas of Ardebil. Using descriptive-analytical study and application of the equilibrium distribution of entropy and scattering coefficient also checked Vikor model for study of equilibrium in the distribution of services in the city of Ardabil. Statistical population areas of 44 districts in the city of Ardabil in seventeen index is evaluated. The results show that the 6 and 7 in the 2 highest rating (very important) and in 4 of the 7-fewest points (very poor) are located on the first and last. Also based on Pearson’s coefficient, there is no meaningful relation between population density and services’ distribution (0.161), i.e. services are not distributed according to population need, but socio-economic properties of residents in different areas has effected scattering and distribution of services.

Social Justice is defined as unfair spatial distribution of Facilities Since lack of equitable distribution lead to Social crises and complex spatial problems while equitable distribution also lead to Balanced development of urban areas. So, optimal distribution of services and facilities, Based on social justice, has a very important role for urban planning process. The aim of this research is survey and analyzes ways of spatial distribution of services and facilities in urban areas in Firoozabad to establish of precise or balanced distribution in urban areas.

Accordingly, methodology is descriptive-analytical and population, based on the physical division and urban development, is 12 urban neighborhoods. 17 indicators are used for services distribution in urban neighborhoods. Entropy Coefficient is used for analysis of data and standardized score index and coefficient of variation (C.V) are also used for distribution of urban services in urban neighborhood. Spearman correlation coefficients And regression coefficient are used for determination relation between variable. Finally, Strategic planning method SWOT is used for determine balanced development of population.

According to General Census of Population and Housing 2011, Firoozabad has a population 64,969 that has a growth of 1/33 than 2001 General Census. Neighborhood 3 from district 1 has highest population density and Neighborhood 1 of district 1 has lowest density between all Neighborhoods in firoozabad. Findings based on results of entropy coefficient are shown equality and relative balance for population distribution among 12 Neighborhood in Firoozabad. Assessment rate of regression coefficient with 0/372 and area of Neighborhoods Indicating lack of causal relationship between two variables. In fact, there are not a proper relation between population and areas of neighborhood (population are not accordance with areas). Based on Standardized score method, the greatest inequality in spatial distribution belong to service Indicators include higher education, tourism and hospitality and sports centers and smallest of those belong to Transportation and warehousing. On this same basis, Neighborhood 5 from district 2 And Neighborhood 3 of district 2, based on optimal distribution for urban facilities, are most balanced and the most uneven neighborhoods respectively. Linear regression coefficients are shown that services distribution among Neighborhoods cannot be explained.

So, enhancement of indicators of urban facilities and balanced distribution of them should be the priority. In this regard, control of the horizontal extension and increase of density especially in Neighborhoods 5 and 6 from district 2, Creating and reinforcement welfare and Services infrastructure in areas with low facilities, provide urban facilities for Neighborhoods 1, 4 and 6 from district 1 and Neighborhoods 2 and 3 from district 2 As unstable neighborhoods are suggested.

Municipal services as a tool of urban management and urban survival are the main factor without which life citizens of activity remains open. Optimal and equitable distribution of it in accordance with the will of the people is very important in the process of urban planning. The unequal distribution network streets, the lighting and green space, etc., urban management, not only in providing public services to the citizens of the city are too many, but also urban security in urban areas has increased or decreased. The impact of criminal justice research on urban security in two areas 4 and 18 in Tehran by analyzing the urban per capita and its compatibility with the issues and indicators of justice and the realization of urban security to citizens is examined. The applicable research and analytical method based on the data library and questionnaire writing and quantitative data is analyzed using SPSS software. The results of this study, low per capita distribution network streets and lighting and public services in the region of 18 which has caused much lower than the local urban security. In this regard, the performance in order to improve security in the four districts of Tehran is provided.

Spatial justiceand geographical justiceasfair distributionof services andamenitiesin order toachieveaharmonioussocietyandone of the socialjusticeapproach. Not proper distributionof services،leads toelimination ofthe justice and willincreasedissatisfaction of citizens from their location. The research method is descriptive – analytical. In order to analysis of how the distribution of services in neighborhoods of six region of Tehran، theLQ، standardized coefficient and VIKOR model is used. Then، using theCopelandmodeltocombinethe results ofthese modelsisdiscussed. The results show that an urban service is not distributed fairly in neighborhoods of this region. So that neighborhoods of Arjanteen – saei and MedaneValiasr in the best position and neighborhoods of Fatemi and Ghezelghale، are locatedat the lowest level in having of urban services distribution. Alsofindingsindicatedthat thespatial distribution of populationand servicesis not fair. Thus،considering the structure of coherent andsystematicof city، attention tothe spatialjustice ofdistributionservicein levelneighborhoods of six regionsanddistributionof these servicesaccording tothepopulation، has made itnecessary.

Today one of the most important issues in urban planning are balanced development in cities and proportion of citizen from urban utilities. The role of planning to achieve this goal, the distribution of urban facilities and utilities will lead to the benefit of all social groups in society and social justice and sustainable development of urban space. The aim of this study was to investigate and identify the distribution of population and utilities in Zanjan city urban regions and also comparison between the results of the urban utilities distribution using VIKOR and TOPSIS models. According to the study, to assess the population distribution entropy model and for utilities distribution VIKOR and TOPSIS and for correlation between these two variables calculation (population and access to services) in urban regions Spearman model has been used in this case study. Results from the population distribution of entropy coefficient (0.9386), which indicates that the distribution of population in urban areas is proportional Zanjan with use VIKOR and TOPSIS models, but the results indicate that the distribution of services in urban areas is not appropriate in Zanjan city. The research results should be proper planning, for redistribute and distribution services suited to achieve balanced development in urban areas towards social justice and consequently achieve sustainable urban development.

Extended Abstract Introduction Inequality in the distribution of services and facilities in different neighborhoods of a city follows the overall pattern of urban growth "compact city" and "large city", in a way that the sustainable urban form includes such urban developments that lead to the formation of justice community in the cities. The urban growth pattern consists of two Compact cities and Spared out that most cities have followed from one of these patterns, these two forms are claim in Sustainable forms of cites and these patterns have different influence on urban services and facilities are distributed. The purpose of this essay is to study the pattern of urban development on the way of distribution of urban utility and services in Miandoaab city. Methodology According to the research objectives and components survey, this article is applied research. The Method Research Is Descriptive-Analytical. A survey, based on administrative divisions mentioned in various Places - Housing and Physical Planning is in 2006 year. Also by using of 13 utility indexes, the method of distribution of utility was studied at 30 regions. Using Methods of standardized score (Z-Score), different types of correlation and regression in the SPSS computer software. Results and Discussion Like other Iranian cities, Miandoab, after land reform has experienced a rapid urbanization growth. But the rapid urbanization growth caused by land reforms did not lead to disproportionate amounts of physical development and physical growth of the city. The most important criterion for the analysis of spatial equity and growth in the City of Miandoaab is the distribution of urban services that with using the standardized scores, distribution of services in different localities has been studied. According to 1956 statistics, Miandoab has an area of 84 hectares and its population of 14,767 people, and thus the mass urban population is estimated at about 176 people per hectare. Physical expansion of the city during the years of 1956-2006 was almost faster than population growth, and density of the city decreases from 176 people per hectare to 62.5 ha, that reflects the comparative horizontal continuing expansion with a nearly relatively high speed. Density reduction and further area growth because of city development, has been toward the Zarineh Rood and near the river many lands has been allocated for green areas, trees and parks. However, Miandoab city comparing with the other cities had a high population density. Physical development of the city is as a compact city development. Conclusion According to city density as problem of urban development. Miandoaab city has the compact urban development, because by urban net-density with 235 people per hectare and population -density 62.5 person per hectare was estimated. Also by using of 13 utility indexes, the method of distribution of utility was studied at 30 regions. Those 2 ones were have the balanced distribution of utility completely, 5 once were rather balanced, 10 ones were half- balanced and 13 once were un-balanced. Linking statistic relationship between population net-density and z-score distribution utility shows that population density and distribution service have the impressive comparative relation, while regions with rather over population density have the distribution services completely un-balanced. According to, damageability of urban development of Miandoaab city was appear by criterion of distribution of services (social justice) For this purpose optimal population density pattern by means of ventured statistic examination that population density with 250 person per hectare in any region is called sustainable urban development pattern.