جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شهر یزد » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The city of Yazd, one of the cities of Iran, has suffered the most damage from the accelerated and scattered growth, which, with cohesion and compression in the stage of emergence, its natural growth today is plagued by a pathological structure, because the city of Yazd, as an intermediate city, is more and faster than the big centres. It has progressed towards spiral growth. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the feasibility of cycling routes and their effect on creating a bicycle-friendly city in the city under study. This research is a descriptive survey in terms of its applied-developmental purpose and terms of its nature and method. The information collection in this research was done through library, document and survey methods. The statistical population of the study is the citizens of Yazd city. To estimate the sample size, the personal estimation method was used, and 120 people were considered as the sample size. In this research, targeted methods (snowball and theoretical sequence) have been used to collect information. AHP (Gaussian preference function), Prometheus and regression (ANOVA) statistical methods have been used to analyze the data. The results of the research show that the AHP test (Gaussian preference function) revealed that the indicators of the slope of the movement path and sufficient lighting and visibility on the path should be given priority, and also the indicator of the use of the combined travel method of bicycle and public transportation should be given the last priority. In the following, using the Prometheus method, the criteria and indicators of the research were prioritized, it was found that the security criterion with a final rating of 0.382 is in the first rank and the continuity criterion is in the last rank with a final rating of 0.081. Finally, using the regression test (ANOVA), it was found that there is a significant correlation between the strengthening of the bicycle path of Salamat Road and the creation of a bicycle-friendly city in Yazd. Therefore, strengthening the bicycle path of Salamat Road can lead to the creation of a bike-friendly city in Yazd

The increase in problems that caused by the uncontrolled growth of cities have forced urban researchers and managers to tackle and solve urban problems. One of the most effective ways to reduce these issues, is urban smart growth that one of its important principles, is infill development. This principle emphasizes on using and benefiting of cities internal capacity, such as development on abandoned land and vacant land within the existing texture of cities, redevelopment of buildings and sites. The main purpose of this research is to identify capacities of infill development in the region1 of Yazd city. It can be said that theories of urban smart growth and infill development (as an independent theory and one of the principles of urban smart growth) have been the basis of this study. Urban smart growth seeks to use urban spaces to compactness and prevent urban growth. Due to the fact that the city of Yazd has expanded horizontally and with a sprawl phenomenon, the use of infill development theory can take advantage of the city's internal capacities and prevent the city's uncontrolled expansion, and the benefits of this development can be achieved with the goal of implementation of urban smart growth.

This research in terms of goal is an applied one and in view point of the research method is descriptive – analytical and the extraction of appropriate criteria is based on library resources and documents. At first, the effective parameters and criteria were selected by reviewing the articles related to infill development and according to the characteristics of the study context. Then, by completing the questionnaire by 15 experts and specialists, the degree of preference of these criteria against each other was assessed and with the help of SWARA technique in EXCEL software, the weight of each criterion was obtained. Afterwards, the appropriate layers were prepared in ARCGIS environment and in order to normalize the layers and combine them, the Simple Additive Weighting method (SAW) which was implemented in ARCGIS environment was used. In this method, the weight obtained from SWARA technique was multiplied by the criteria and finally the textures that are suitable for infill development were identified.

The main purpose of this research is to identify capacities of infill development in the region1 of Yazd city. At first, the area and location of vacant lands were considered as the main priority of development then in order to identify the development capacities of the constructed areas, the effective criteria on infill and smart growth development were selected. Next by determining the priority of these criteria (land use diversity, floor, building age, construction quality, ownership, structure, particle size distribution, access to the street network, access to green space, access to educational land use, access to health care land use, access to business land use, access to religious land use, access to facilities land use), the weight of each criterion was obtained relative to each other. Then, the layers were prepared in the ARCGIS environment and zoned by using of the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method that implemented in the ARCGIS environment. Textures that are suitable for infill development were identified and prioritized. The priorities are calculated as the first priority is 328 hectares, the second priority is 305 hectares, the third priority is 320 hectares and the fourth priority is 118 hectares. The first priority are the land use and parcels that have low floors, low quality, high antiquity, public and state ownership, greater access to service land uses and the street network.

By examining the land use of Yazd city, it was found that due to the sprawl and growth of the city and lack of proper management, many lands in the city are undeveloped and without construction, which can be considered as vacant lands as one of the important priorities in integrated growth and infill development. In fact, in the city of Yazd, due to the large number of vacant lands, development should be focused on these areas, and also with solutions such as increasing taxes or creating incentives to accelerate the process of their development. In region 1 of Yazd city, similar to other parts of it, as we go from the central parts to the fringe of the city, vacant and unused lands will increase. Thus, vacant lands must first be developed in order to population growth and per capita services. However, it is important to note that attention to vacant lands should not deter urban management from paying attention to worn-out central textures or textures that are more conducive to accessing services and are more economically viable. Therefore, the research findings indicated that this region of Yazd city has suitable capacities for infill development as one of the principles of urban smart growth and the research hypothesis is confirmed.

Loyalty of a tourist to a specific destination is a key issue in urban tourism management. A high level of loyalty in a destination can have positive consequences for the development of tourism in that region. One of the important topics in this field is the strategic measurement and analysis of the level of tourism loyalty in different dimensions and components and providing strategies to improve it. In the meantime, measuring the goals, capabilities of cities, and the opportunities and challenges ahead in the field of tourism loyalty and knowing the competitors of the destination are taken into account for the strategic analysis of tourism loyalty. As one of the urban tourism destinations of Iran, the city of Yazd attracts a large number of domestic and foreign tourists every year with its many tourist spaces and products. the main goal of the research is to provide strategies for the development of the loyalty level of Yazd city through the recognition and evaluation of the objectives, capabilities, opportunities, challenges and competitors of the city's tourism and evaluating its strategic suitability.

the current research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive of the survey type based on its nature and method. The required data is prepared based on the library and field method. The statistical sample of the research was 30 people from the group of experts, including officials and managers of tourism, researchers and researchers, owners of tourism businesses, and a number of residents with a history of the city, which due to the limited statistical population, the whole number method was used to get samples. became. For the strategic analysis of the research, Meta-SWOT analytical model, which is an advanced SWOT model, has been used.

The results showed that the most important resources and capabilities in order to improve the level of tourism loyalty in the city of Yazd include the positive effects of the globalization of the city of Yazd on improving the character of the city and its historical attractions, changing the positive mentality of tourists towards the city, understanding its scientific and historical value. And to arouse their feelings, to raise the quality of services, relative participation of citizens in social and tourism programs, acceptable tourism security and urban infrastructure and services, agency services and health tourism ConclusionThe result of the strategic analysis shows the greater homogeneity of Yazd's tourism capabilities and external factors and goals in terms of strategic fit, and the aforementioned capabilities play an important role in improving the level of loyalty at a medium level, and based on this, solutions have been presented to improve it.

Nowadays, due to the increasing growth of urbanization, especially in developing countries, the innovation of urban prosperity is one of the key human development issues facing the world. Prosperity is a broad concept that is related to balanced and harmonious development in an environment with fairness and justice.

This research has practical-developmental goals and its nature and method is analytical-exploratory. In the theoretical part of this research, the required data and information have been collected using the library method, and in the field part, the required data has been obtained using a questionnaire based on the Delphi technique. In this research, our statistical population includes specialists and experts of Yazd city, and 30 people were selected as a sample from the statistical population by using the targeted non-probability sampling method. Then, using the Delphi method and completing the questionnaire by experts, 43 primary variables were identified. In the next step, the matrix of cross effects was designed to measure the influence of the variables on each other and was provided to the experts for scoring. The results were analyzed using the structural analysis technique and MICMAC software, and finally, from a total of 43 primary influencing variables, 10 factors were identified as the key driving factors affecting the urban prosperity of Yazd.

:Findings shows that the most influence among the five dimensions is related to 1- Justice and non-discrimination with 28.93%, 2- Quality of life 21.23%, 3- 18.71%.Also, the most dependent among the five dimensions is related to 1- Justice and non-discrimination with 29.24%, 2- quality of life 23.58%, 3- productivity17.40%.

The Conclusion show that among the key drivers affecting the future prosperity of the city of Yazd are the variables, the area of worn-out fabric (372), access to water resources (372), youth unemployment (352), poverty rate (348), Participation of people in government (338), average income (331), the percentage of marginalized households (331), the percentage of women's employment (321), and the ratio of employment to population (310), Savings rate (307) have had the most impact. The conclusion shows that the urban development system in Yazd city is unstable and the lack of influencing variables threatens the stability of the system.

The problem of urban poverty is one of the main problems in historical contexts, which has emerged in various dimensions such as lack of security in ownership, income poverty of residents, vulnerability of citizens' livelihoods, legal poverty and social deprivation, etc. Meanwhile, the role and effects of empowerment can be very decisive in planning to deal with urban poverty in historical contexts. The purpose of this research is to identify the key drivers effective in reducing urban poverty in the historical context of Yazd city in order to empower this context and develop possible scenarios for the horizon of 1422. This research is applied in terms of purpose, analytical-exploratory in terms of the nature of the research, in terms of descriptive-survey data collection method and mixed (quantitative-qualitative) data analysis. The statistical population of the research is a group of 30 interdisciplinary experts in the fields of historical and dilapidated contexts, urban poverty, and the future research approach, who were selected by purposive sampling. 35 primary factors have been extracted in three different economic, social and managerial fields, and with structural analysis in Mic-Mac software, ten main factors have been identified as key drivers effective in reducing urban poverty with an empowerment approach. Based on the results of the factor influence matrix, out of a total of 2213 direct influence relationships of factors, social sector variables with a score of 938 have had the greatest impact in reducing urban poverty with the empowerment approach in the studied area. In the next stage, according to the consensus index obtained for these drivers, the two drivers of social capital and the existence of various types of flexible financial systems were identified as critical uncertainties, and from the intersection of these two uncertainties, three scenarios for the future of the historical context of Yazd were identified. It was obtained in the horizon of 2043.

Context and Purpose :

Today, the importance and scope of the tourism industry has led to the analysis of several phenomena from the perspective of tourism. From the emergence of the first attractions to the industry of today, tourism and urban places have been in a stable connection.

Design/methodology/approach:

 For this reason, the purpose of studying the effect of tourism development on the happiness of tourists in Yazd city is with the Happy City approach, which is a descriptive-analytical method of application and to collect the required information, both library and field methods are used. Has been. Also, the statistical population considered 400 domestic and foreign tourists entering the city of Yazd in 1398, which were analyzed with SPSS and Amos software.Findings The results show that historical-cultural sites were more than 75% attractive to tourists, but domestic tourists were motivated to study (more than 4 times a night and had happy feelings) and foreign tourists because of culture and style. Life of the residents (they only stayed once between 2 to 4 days and were faced with feelings of astonishment and surprise) chose the destination of Yazd. Also, tourists reported the necessities and tourist attractions of the destination of Yazd city as above average.

that there is a direct and significant relationship between tourists' happiness and tourism development indicators (necessary, attraction and repulsion) in the destination of Yazd.

Originality/value: 

Few studies investigated the relationship between tourism and happiness in developed countries, but in developing countries such as Iran, it has not been studied yet

Loyalty of a tourist to a specific destination is a key issue in tourism management. A high level of loyalty in a destination can have positive consequences for the development of tourism in that region. One of the important topics in this field is measuring and analyzing the level of tourism loyalty in different dimensions and components. Each of these components has a series of indicators that have a significant impact on the loyalty of tourists to that destination. Tourism loyalty is discussed in different dimensions of awareness and familiarity, tourist perception, tourism personality, service quality, mental image, trust, security, satisfaction of tourists. Awareness and familiarity with the image of the destination and direct and indirect experiences arise in the minds of tourists. which makes a tourist have the necessary trust, confidence and understanding in that destination and that destination in this direction tries to improve the quality of services and also creates a beautiful and exciting personality for tourists, which ultimately It leads to the satisfaction and loyalty of tourists. The evaluation of these dimensions can help city tourism planners in its optimal management. The city of Yazd, having a variety of tourist attractions, as one of the most tourist-friendly and popular tourist places in Iran, attracts a large number of domestic and foreign tourists every year. Therefore, paying attention to the category of tourist loyalty, considering the high potential that this city has in the field of attracting tourists, will lead to a domino flow of tourists, and then generate multiple incomes, reducing the cost of attracting tourists and economic prosperity, considering that the economy of this city is dependent on It is tourism. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to evaluate the loyalty of domestic tourists in Yazd city in the form of a suitable model.

The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive of the survey type based on its nature and method. The required information is prepared based on the library and field method. The statistical population of the research to evaluate the level of loyalty is all incoming tourists in the year 1400, based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated to be 381 people. A simple random method was used to complete the questionnaire. The collected data have been processed based on descriptive and inferential statistical methods using SPSS software and linear regression tests and one-sample t-test.

The results of the research showed that the dimensions of awareness and familiarity, mental image, trust, perceived value, service quality, security, personality and satisfaction both directly and indirectly (with the mediator role of satisfaction) have a positive and significant effect on the loyalty of tourists in Yazd city. During the surveys, the status of dimensions related to measuring the loyalty of tourists in Yazd shows that the highest average value is related to the dimension of security and satisfaction and the lowest average value is related to the dimension of awareness and familiarity of tourists and also the results obtained from the dimensions indicate It is because the tourists' awareness and familiarity with the city of Yazd has been more through social networks and word-of-mouth advertising, and their mental perceptions of the city in the field of tourism services and facilities, the culture of the people and their participation, tourism costs in relation to the city, in The field of trust towards the destination brand and products, tour leaders and travel agencies, security and comfort of staying in hotels, tours, the city environment, ensuring the order and security of law enforcement officers and entrepreneurs and tourism service providers and the pricing of services and products , in the context of the value of understanding the destination of the tourists in relation to the scientific and historical value and tourism of the city, in relation to the history and attractions, in relation to the cultural and social values, in the field of service quality in relation to the services of historical contexts and tourist places and services Provided to tourism entrepreneurs, infrastructures and services tourist and tourism packages, plans of officials and managers in historical contexts, in the field of city security according to the opinion of tourists regarding the urban economy for tourists and shopping and investment, tourist places and attractions, creating a tourism business, in The field of urban personality in the opinion of tourists, the impact of the globalization of Yazd city, the elements and elements that are appropriate to the historical and urban contexts, the type of religion and beliefs of the city people, the lively and enlightening city, and also the preservation of the ancient religious identity and the general culture of the city people.

In this research, the dimensions and level of tourism loyalty in the city were examined and analyzed, and in the final result it was found that the dimensions of loyalty are generally at a relatively acceptable level in the city of Yazd. According to the results presented in the final conclusion, plans and suggestions can be made in order to improve the level of loyalty in Yazd city as much as possible. In the end, it should be said that by formulating a vision of tourism loyalty and formulating several scenarios regarding the development of the level of loyalty in the 10-year horizon, the path of tourism in Yazd city can be transformed and Yazd has an acceptable share of the current tourism flow in the region. have the center of the country. Accordingly, attention should be paid to the conditions of the post-corona period. Loyalty level development model in current conditions should be developed compatible with the characteristics of this era.

The planning of land use types in cities as an important subset of urban land use, with regard to providing services to citizens and the population of the area of influence, requires special attention. This article intends to deal with the spatial analysis of land use in the historical area of Yazd city. According to this goal, this article is based on a practical approach and survey nature. Therefore, the current research method is of an analytical type based on the analysis and spatial distribution of land use in the historical area of Yazd city. It is a library-documentary and field information collection tool in the form of expressing complete information about the historical area and collecting data and information related to the types of land uses of the historical area . Therefore, by using the GIS geographic information system and Geo da spatial analysis software, the spatial analysis and investigation of the land use of the investigated area has been carried out in order to achieve the main goal of the research on how to analyze and distribute the spatial distribution of land use in the historical area . The obtained findings show the proper distribution of land use in the historical context of Yazd city. Therefore, it can be concluded that the land use of the historical fabric of Yazd city is in a good condition and can meet the needs of the residents of the fabric and visitors to the area.

In urban environments, especially in city neighborhoods, factors such as broken windows, garbage on the streets, paintings on walls, abandoned buildings, and lack of street lighting, especially in the suburbs of the city, lead to the creation of an environment that promotes crime and delinquency and as a result the sense of security of the citizens is endangered.

The type of research is applied and its statistical population is a combination of experts including informants, specialists and experts related to urban management in marginalized areas. The sample size was considered based on simple random sampling and Morgan's table of 299 households living in the marginal areas of Yazd city. Inferential statistics (correlation coefficient, regression coefficient, multivariate analysis of variance) have been used in order to connect variables and answer the research questions.

The results of the network analysis model also show that the physical indicators including the narrow width of the passages, the age of the building, the presence of ruins, the area of ​​separate parts, the compatibility of uses, the provision of the required open space with a value of 0.196 have the greatest role in increasing the threat. In the psychological components of the environment including the lack of seclusion, lack of security and safety, and lack of access to public spaces and children's play spaces.

In order to reduce the psychological vulnerability caused by the issues and problems of informal settlements, a settlement empowerment model has been formulated. In this model, in the first step, the issues and problems of the context related to psychology were investigated, in the second step, capacity measurement and planning were carried out, in the third step, the program was implemented to organize and reduce the psychological problems of the environment and In the fourth step, the feedback of the issues was investigated.

Yazd has experienced rapid growth and significant demographic and physical changes in recent years. This study is a practical-developmental research aimed at measuring the status of social sustainability in the neighborhoods of Yazd using a descriptive-analytical method, by using the fuzzy TOPSIS statistical test and correlation coefficient. The research data was collected from the detailed plan of the city of Yazd in 2017, the statistical center, and field studies of research indicators using a questionnaire. The statistical population includes citizens over 15 years old in Yazd, and the sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 400 people, randomly selected by stratified random sampling in proportion to the population of neighborhoods. Four main indicators of population changes, participation, security, and quality of life were examined. The results showed a strong correlation between the quality of life index and social sustainability. The quality of life index had the highest effect and significant relationship with social sustainability with a correlation coefficient of 0.948, while the security and participation indices had correlation coefficients of 0.721 and 0.673, respectively. The migration index did not have a significant relationship with social sustainability in the neighborhoods of Yazd (correlation coefficient of 0.217). Among the neighborhoods, Safaieh, Imam Shahr, and Kooy-e Talghani were the most sustainable, while Eish Abad, Khair Abad, and the airport were the least sustainable in terms of social aspects.

Replacing natural vegetation cover with impermeable urban surfaces) stone, cement, metal, etc.) has resulted in increased land surface temperature which is considered to be the most important problem of urban areas. Distinct temperature difference between the city and the surrounding areas is called heat island (Melkpour et al., 2018). Increased land surface temperature and resulting heat islands in urban areas built without proper preplanning (Khakpour et al., 2016) especially in developing countries such as Iran experiencing a rapid growth rate have resulted in widespread environmental problems. Heat islands mainly occur due to the presence of man-made surfaces which prevent the reflection of sunlight and result in temperature increase. In general, urban heat islands result in increased air and land surface temperature and thermal inversion (Gartland, 2012).

The present study applies a statistical-analytical research method based upon statistical data received from meteorological stations and extracted from satellite images. Climatic data recorded from 1976 to 2020 in Yazd Meteorological Station were retrieved from the General Meteorological Department of Yazd Province and used to measure temperature changes. Urban climate studies mainly take advantage of long-term patterns and thus, the present study has applied the common Man-Kendall method to measure the trend of temperature changes in warm season (July, August, and September). Also, satellite images collected by Landsat 4-8 in a 33-year period, including four statistical periods with a time interval of 11 years (the average recorded in July, August and September of 1987, 1998, 2009 and 2020), have been used to extract heat islands of Yazd city in warm seasons. These images collected under clear weather conditions were retrieved from the United States Geological Survey website (http://glovis.usgs.gov/) in the WGS-1984 UTM image system. NDVI index was used to investigate the vegetation cover. Main land uses discussed in the present study included barren lands, urban areas, vegetation cover and roads. Sample land uses were collected from Google Earth and visually interpreted in ArcMap. Maximum likelihood algorithm was used for the classification process. Finally, Land Surface Temperature was extracted from satellite images and compared with air temperature trend using the Mann-Kendall test.

Results indicate that due to thicker vegetation cover in summer, there has been a negative relationship between the vegetation cover and land surface temperature. In other words, land surface temperature has increased with decreased vegetation cover and vice versa. Types of land use identified in satellite images collected from Yazd city have showed that the city has experienced a widespread physical expansion during the 33-year statistical period regardless of the season under investigation and thus, built-up urban land use class has expanded significantly. As a result, vegetation cover has experienced a negative trend and decreased. Land surface temperature extracted from thermal images of Yazd city has proved parts of northwest and south of the city to be the core of its heat islands. This is due to the presence of barren lands, lack of evapotranspiration mechanisms, high heat absorption capacity and low conduction capacity. Man-Kendall test has found a significant increasing trend for temperature especially in recent years in which the temperature has increased about 2.3 °C. This is most possibly due to the increasing trend of urban population in recent decades, followed by increased residential structures and resulting heat island phenomenon.

In general, classification of urban land use types in Yazd has shown a significant physical expansion of the city during the statistical period. This physical development has occurred in all directions; beginning from the central and northeast-southeast parts, and moving towards northwest-southwest parts. Maximum NDVI was observed in a strip along the central part of Yazd in which vegetation cover is thicker. Green spaces are also observed in some areas of the city. Color spectrum of the LST map has shown relative changes of the ambient temperature in various parts of the city. High and very high temperature (between 41.5 and 50 °C) show the location of the heat islands on LST maps. Also, areas with a deep red color and a temperature above 50 °C have formed hot clusters formed or strengthened between 2009 and 2020 in the west and southwest parts of the city. Satellite images and related graphs have showed that in 2020, Yazd have witnessed a sharp increase in temperature and a heat island.  Temperature data of Yazd Meteorological Station and Man-Kendall test have shown a significant increasing trend (about 2.3°C), especially in recent years. These are related to the urban population growth in recent decades, followed by increased urban structures (residential-commercial) and heat island phenomenon.

The purpose of this study is investigating the cause and effect relationship between the factors affecting the development of ecotourism in Yazd city using descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population included experts in the tourism and ecotourism industry of Yazd city who were selected using purposive sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The reliability of the measurement tool was 0.7. The novelty of the research is to determine the causal relationships between the factors affecting the development of ecotourism using the DEMATEL approach in Yazd city. The results show that the factors influencing in development of ecotourism in Yazd city is including Appropriate planning and management, Education and training manpower in the field of ecotourism, The direct supervision of the government and institutions active in the field of ecotourism, existence of experts fluent in the living languages of the world along with tourist attractions, culturization tourism development and promotion of culture tourism to citizens (host society), Trying to improve security in the region and enact environmental laws to intensify charges and impose more restrictions.

Earthquake is a natural phenomenon that neglecting it will result in irreparable damages. The occurrence of severe earthquakes has prompted mankind to think of developing an infrastructure program to reduce the risks and damages caused by it. The purpose of this research is to investigate the damages caused by the earthquake in Yazd using the RADIUS model and the hierarchical analysis process in the GIS environment in the proposed scenarios. Based on this, the factors of the number of building floors, type of soil, type of materials, position relative to the fault, age of the building, slope, population density and road network were used. The factors used as separate layers were checked in ArcGIS 10 software and the information needed by the models was extracted and entered into the models used to achieve the results. The results of the research show that according to the scenario of the Anar fault, 21% of the city will be damaged and zone two is more vulnerable than other areas, based on the scenario of the Mehriz Taft fault, 38% of the city will be damaged, and zone two is more vulnerable than other zones.A lot of research has been done in connection with vulnerability, which in the researches, most of the earthquakes in the city have been investigated with spatial data and based on multi-criteria decision models and with the same earthquake intensity in the whole city, regarding buildings, but In this research, using the RADIUS model, the intensity of the earthquake was calculated in different parts of the city and the amount of damage was estimated in different scenarios, which is not observed in the researches.

As a man-made artifact, the city has the same life cycle as humans. Among the contemporary damages of the city, we can mention the decline and withering of urban neighborhoods. The neighborhoods on which the city's dynamism depends to a great extent have turned into dormitories where the presence of citizens has decreased drastically. Solving this challenge that threatens many opportunities in the city and many problems stemming from this damage is the focus of part of the research and projects of the city's specialists. Cities can be considered successful when they can host lively street activities, whereby people with different characteristics can come together with ease in public spaces, at different times, and for different purposes. Vitality, after all, is the symbol of successful urbanism. As it was said, the lack of urban vitality is a global problem, and in Iran, all cities can be considered involved with this problem. Numerous political, economic, social, cultural, physical, etc. factors are the basis for the lack of vitality of urban neighborhoods, which have similarities and differences between the reasons in different contexts. Political decisions in the past years have caused social and economic imbalance in the city of Yazd, which can be clearly seen in the vitality of the neighborhoods of the city of Yazd. For this reason, in this research, the urban vitality of one of the historical neighborhoods of the city is examined along with two other neighborhoods, one with an informal settlement structure and the other with a strong economic structure in the affluent part of the city. In these neighborhoods, it should be described according to its physical and social structure.

The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical with a practical purpose. The statistical population of this research is all the residents of Skan Kavir, Safaiyeh, and Fahadan neighborhoods, and the sample size was obtained using the Cochran formula of 340, according to the population of these neighborhoods, there are 170 questionnaires in Eskan Kavir neighborhood, 70 questionnaires in Safaiyeh neighborhood and 100 questionnaires in Fahadan neighborhood. The questionnaire was completed randomly. In order to conduct theoretical studies and provide measures of vitality in urban spaces, the method of collecting information has been to use the library method and the use of existing documents. Convenience and comfort, safety and security, diversity and attractiveness, leisure and fun, scope and range, interaction and sense of place. To conduct operational studies, field methods, interviews, photography, and questionnaires were used, and data were analyzed by SPSS software, T-tests, regression, and ANOVA.

The concept of vitality is a mental concept, most of which are manifested in a neighborhood in the form of a series of behaviors, and judging the vitality of a neighborhood is not easily obtained, and sometimes vitality is not found in a neighborhood with a high quality of life, and in a neighborhood with a low quality of life. Vitality is visible. The city of Yazd, one of the ancient cities of the country, has lost its traditional texture in recent years due to the migration process. After examining the studied neighborhoods, the Fahadan neighborhood has the highest level of vitality in the historical context of Yazd, it is in the second rank of Safaiyeh neighborhood among the wealthy neighborhoods of the city, and it is ranked third in the marginal neighborhood of Eskan Kavir. The above ranking is based on a set of indicators and variables, but only paying attention to the numbers in the study of a psychological issue such as vitality makes the conclusion far from reality. It seems that in order to understand the vitality of neighborhoods, in addition to quantitative studies, it is necessary to analyze the mental space. Residents. What separates the concept of vitality from other concepts that are close to it is the issue of diversity, and the fact that Fahadan neighborhood is in the first place is also due to the high diversity in the body and the people present in the environment.

The view of the right to the city by Henry Le Four can be examined from two perspectives: the right that the citizen has over the city and the right that the city has over the citizen. It is not fair and logical that any action outside of logic, value, norm, and humanity, in general, is done in the city, and in the end, the consequences are placed on the shoulders of the city. The major part of human growth and excellence is owed to the city, so the city also has a right on the shoulders of the citizens. The right to the city is not only a material concept; citizens and city dwellers must be involved in the production and atmosphere of the city; produce and reproduce the space they produced. But one of the rights that citizens enjoy is the right to a lively urban atmosphere, dynamic neighborhoods, worthy of dignity, and course the efforts of the citizens of a neighborhood. But to achieve this right, the citizen must first observe the right; To produce a space that reproduces the lively urban space for all citizens. Producing and increasing the public space that all citizens can benefit from, increasing the collective spirit (not individual and atomized), and establishing distributive justice in society are among the rights that the city deserves. The sum of these cases makes the society out of the individual state and creates local communities; Where the fate of people is important to each other. Increasing the capacity of society in meeting the needs (commensurate with the values and priorities) leads to the growth and development of the local community. The output of this path is the provision of resources for everyone and intergenerational and intergenerational justice, a stable situation where development is not for a few but for all and not for a few years but forever.

Today, the increasing growth of urbanization and urban population and consequently, heavier traffic and larger number of motor vehicles in urban and suburban areas have created many problems for the transportation system. On the other hand, the unresolved problem of traffic congestion in cities and the related air pollution have had seriously damaged health and life quality of many citizens and resulted in the death of many patients diagnosed with lung and heart diseases. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the desirability of urban routes' design for cycling and its relationship with the indices of a bike-friendly city in Yazd. The present study addresses these questions: how desirable is the design of urban routes for cycling in Yazd? Do present rules and standards increase the satisfaction of cyclists? What is the relationship between the desirability of urban cycling route designs and developing a bike-friendly city?

The present descriptive study is considered to be a survey in terms of nature and methodology and applied-developmental in terms of purpose. Data collection was performed using library, documentary and survey methods. Citizens of Yazd were selected as the statistical population. Personal estimation method was used to ensure a homogeneous and standard sample is selected with an appropriate size. The sample included 20 experts and urban designers and 100 cyclists who have cycled on urban routes in Yazd. Purposeful methods of sampling such as snowball and theoretical sequence have been used in the present study.

Results obtained from the UTA technique and the Fuller hierarchical method used to weigh relevant indicators show that the security criterion has ranked first (with a weight of 0/344) while the continuity criterion has ranked last (with a weight of 0/181). Pearson correlation analysis did not find any significant relationship between income, gender, age and education with cyclists' satisfaction level, but a significant relationship was found between the observance of standards in urban routes and the level of satisfaction. Considering the linear regression diagram and r2 = 0/52, a desirable design for urban cycling routes can provide up to 52 percent of the conditions required for turning Yazd into a bike-friendly city.In general, findings of the present study are closely related with Bicalho et al. (2019), Yang et al. (2019) and Nazarpour and Saedi (2020) concluding that developing cycling infrastructure in accordance with appropriate rules and standards, holding workshops to create a positive attitude and a greater understanding in urban planners toward cycling, improving street connections and the desirability of the cycling routes' designs for cyclists will enhance the creation of a bike-friendly city. The present study indicates that compliance with national standards and regulations in urban routes is mandatory for cyclists. Findings are also closely related with Podgórniak-Krzykacza and Trippner-Hrabi (2021), Babiano et al. (2017), Shabanpour and Zareh (2019), Manafi Azar et al. (2018) and Soleimani et al. (2017) which indicate that cycling increases access to transportation network, prevents congestion and inefficiency of public transportation, reduces traffic jams, increases safety and security, prevents environmental pollution and results in sustainable urban transportation.  Thus, the present study has concluded that a desirable design for urban cycling routes can turn Yazd into a bike-friendly city.

Results of UTA technique indicated that rules, regulations, and bylaws assigned for cycling paths in Iran such as longitudinal slope, cross slope, open sight distance and stopping sight distance, minimum radius of curvature of the bike lanes, horizontal signs, and special traffic lights shall be reviewed and practically used to create a more comfortable space for cyclists. The analysis indicates that urban routes in Iran must be designed in accordance with the standards of cycling routes, and the respondents have also emphasized on this necessity. Moreover, it was indicated that there is a positive correlation between compliance with standards and the level of comfort in cyclists. In other words, compliance with standards in urban routes' designs increases the level of comfort in cyclists. Finally, it can be concluded that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the desirability of urban routes' designs for cycling and the chance of turning Yazd into a bike-friendly city.

With regard to the key effects that spatial-functional correlations between urban public facilities have on the quality of urban life, the aim of this article was to analyze the correlations between public facilities in Yazd city. To do this, four different methods, including the nearest neighbor index, K-Ripley function, spatial correlation index and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for two different groups of facilities including homogeneous public facilities and heterogeneous public facilities have been carried out in this article. Results have shown that although facilities such as technical and vocational training centers and public health services have shown a clustered pattern according to the nearest neighbor index, as the K-Ripley function has indicated, their distribution does not follow the same pattern at different scales of analysis. The analysis of the spatial correlation between the distribution of population and the distribution of public facilities has also shown that there is a negative correlation between them, except hygenic facilities. In addition, as the analysis of the spatial correlation between heterogeneous facilities has shown, except the correlation between higher education facilities and sports facilities, there was a positive but not strong relationship between all of them. Finally, it has been argued, according to the ANOVA method, that the high values of spatial correlation between heterogeneous public facilities do not necessarily mean that they are close to each other spatially.

Nowadays, the role and importance of infrastructure in cities is obvious. Social infrastructure is a subset of infrastructure and is a complex and intertwined network of tangible and intangible assets that enhances the quality of life at the local scale and plays an important role in creating a resilient and sustainable community. However, in our country, due to the lack of suitable infrastructure that response to the needs of stockholders especially in the aspect of the project social dimensions, we are witnessing the loss of assets. This research has been conducted in response to the above necessity and due to the importance of social infrastructure. The main research aim is to provide solutions for supplying sustainable social infrastructures at local scale in order to obtain project sustainability management. The research method is qualitative and the case study is the youth cultural, residential and sports project in Yazd, Iran. The data gathering was conducted using two methods (documentary studies and field studies). The Interviewees were the knowledgeable experts involved in the project or the researchers. Then the qualitative content analysis was used as the analyzing method. The most important suggested solutions in line with project sustainability management and to provide sustainable social infrastructure in infrastructure projects are presented, which are: 1-utilizing professional human resource and adequate equipment, 2-the cooperation between private and public sectors, 3-considering safe and convenient locations for transport systems, 4-planning for future prospects and growing needs, 5-optimal utilization of available facilities, 6-comprehensive Planning agreed by key project factors.

With the emergence of environmental crises, environmental quality was recognized as part of the overall concept of quality of life. This concept is assumed to be a comprehensive reflection of a person's sense of health, including all the factors that play a role in human satisfaction. The present article has been designed to evaluate the performance of quality components of urban environment and its role in promoting citizen satisfaction by presenting a model to evaluate the quality of urban environment in Yazd. Check in the city environment. This research is a survey type in terms of applied purpose, in terms of nature and method. To collect information, 400 questionnaires (based on Cochran's formula) were randomly distributed among residents. The methodology of this research is based on one and two sample t test methods, analysis of variance and confirmatory factor analysis. The basis for measuring the quality of the environment in the Yazd city is the criterion of satisfaction with the components of the quality of the urban environment from the perspective of residents. Based on the findings of the present study, the components of urban environmental quality according to the theoretical model of the research, which is classified into five levels according to standard coefficients, in the fourth level of health service characteristics (0.96), security and social relations (0.92 ), Social services (0.88) and volume with a coefficient (0.85), had the greatest impact on the quality components of the urban environment. In the third level, the most impact on the components are functional characteristics (1.08), social (0.78) and cost per unit of housing (0.74). Finally, in the second level components, which is one of the main objectives of the research, the quality of residential environment with The coefficient (0.94) had the greatest effect on the quality of Yazd urban environment.

Today, the tourism industry is changing rapidly, and as a result, the needs of tourists have also changed. In this age, creativity and innovation are considered as an important feature and the main need of service and tourism centers. The importance of employing creative manpower for tourism centers and organizations is not hidden and can play an important role in their success. Creative workforce leads to new ideas and solutions and improves the performance of goals. As a result, given the issues and problems facing the industry, the need for a creativity-based paradigm, along with the replacement of new products, processes, markets and methods, monopoly interests and the created competitive advantage seems necessary. In this paradigm of "creative destruction", Joseph Schumpeter, as the driving force of economic development, uses resources, knowledge and skills in new ways to solve existing problems or obstacles and by forming new types of demand and support resources to meet them. Promotes opportunities for creativity and entrepreneurship. Therefore, creative destruction can facilitate the transition from old and inefficient tourism systems to new paradigms and be used as a need of the tourism industry or a tool to meet its needs. This can occur in a variety of ways and can change the performance of tourism and related organizations. Accordingly, according to Schumpeter theory, the role of creative and entrepreneurial force is not limited to creating new job opportunities, but with the existing structure, thinking, mobility and culture, engage in creative destruction to prepare the ground for