جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « goods smuggling » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Smuggling of goods is one of the important crimes that most countries deal with in different ways. It is an ominous phenomenon that causes irreparable effects and damages in various dimensions economic, social, security, etc… on the body of the society. The basic prerequisite for combating smuggling, is to identify the factors that lead to its formation. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating and identifying the causes and factors related to the tendency and expansion of smuggling in Hormozgan province.

The statistical population includes smugglers with a history of goods smuggling in Hormozgan province, who were selected as a sample by a total number of 200 people using a targeted and available sampling method. This research was done by survey method and using questionnaire technique. After collecting the questionnaires, the data was analyzed by SPSS statistical software. To check the research hypotheses were used of Regression tests and analysis of variance. First, the tables related to the hypothesis test were calculated, and then the prediction equation related to the relationship between the independent variables affecting the expansion and tendency to smuggling goods was calculated.

The results of the research showed that the variables of age, education, socio-cultural, economic, political, structural, executive-managerial and geographical factors have a significant relationship with the expansion and tendency of smuggling goods. Among the influential factors, economic factors have the highest impact and political factors have the least impact on the spread of goods smuggling. The step-by-step regression analysis showed that structural, political, economic, socio-cultural, geographic and executive-management variables explain 1.000% of the changes in the variance of expansion and tendency to smuggling.

Smuggling is a problem that has become widespread in the context of economic, political, etc. failures and has negative consequences for the country's economy. Therefore, research in this field is necessary and the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the challenges of the border guard command in fighting against goods smuggling in the western provinces of the country. In terms of its objectives, the current study is of an applied research type, and in terms of its nature, it has been conducted using a mixed-method approach. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part is border guard experts and in the quantitative part border guard commanders and deputies at the levels of border regiments and groups. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, 0.895. The challenges were identified and prioritized in the data analysis in the qualitative method, through the process of open and central coding, and in the quantitative method through the SPSS software. The findings of the research in the qualitative part indicate that "poor laws", "wrong economic policies" and "lack of job creation in border areas" are among the causes of the crime of smuggling in the western provinces, and in the quantitative method, at a confidence level above 95%, the importance of some of the variables compared to other variables was confirmed. The results of the research show that "lack of unity of action between relevant institutions in dealing with smuggling" is the most effective external challenge, "low quality and limited equipment in border units" is the most effective internal challenge and "economic pressure in under-developed border provinces" is the most effective environmental challenge of the Border Guard Command in the fight against the smuggling of goods in the western provinces

Smuggling of goods is one of the important and serious social and economic issues, which is caused by many and complex factors and brings devastating consequences to the society. In terms of its objectives, the current study is of an applied research type and in terms of its nature it is considered descriptive-analytical. The current research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative approach, synthesis and meta-analysis of researches conducted in the field of smuggling inside the country. A total of 33 studies were found and used in the meta-combination, but for the meta-analysis in order to sample from the mentioned society, 19 research documents that met the conditions and selection criteria were selected to quantitatively combine the results and obtain single results. Statistical analysis was done using the second edition of the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software and the effect size random combination method. The results of the meta-combination of the researches in the field of the consequences and solutions of combating the smuggling of goods were calculated and presented in the form of selective codes and the results of the meta-analysis show that the effect size is divided by the factors (economic, socio-cultural, geographical, political-legal and security-administrative) at an error level of less than 1% and with 99% confidence, have a strong and significant effect on goods smuggling, and based on this, it can be concluded that goods smuggling is not a single-cause phenomenon, but the product and consequence of a series of the causative conditions are complex and therefore the control and reduction of smuggling also requires a comprehensive program in these fields.

The globalization process has increased developmental relationship between countries and influences of political borders. This order has influenced in various ways the political borders between countries and borders area and has provided developmental trade exchange between countries and other players in the form of logical exchange and non logical exchange like good smuggling between countries. Among them, Islamic Republic of Iran according to having long borders from good smuggling having had challenges and insecurity in economic, politic, culture and….So, identity and determining affecting factors on goods smuggling is one of the first management and control step of Iran’s borders that this article want to answer by descriptive-analytic way that which factors affecting good smuggling in Iran’s borders? Sources that have use for gathering data to answer this question by library study and questionnaire have shaped and for analysis the data of questionnaire have used SPSS and T-test. Results of this study showed that affecting factors in goods smuggling across Iran’s borders include geographical factors (border length, natural geography of border and…), economic factors (spatial inequality, unemployment and...), social and cultural factors (public culture, increasing utilization culture and…), political factors (number of neighbors, the rate of sovereignty of neighbors in their territory and …). Recognition of these affecting factors on good smuggling is the first movement step for management and control Iran’s borders.

Iran passed wide range of events over her controversies history. It has great special geopolitics position، natural resources and cultural values. Iran is in Asia and connects Asia to Europe. Iran as relational bridge has an important role so that it could be an important center during first and Second World War for enemies'' forces in spite of explicit neuter declaration from Iran. Pass way position of Iran and the significant role which it is playing on regional trade and also deep effectiveness and out put on eco-politic in central Asia and Caucasia and Indian Ocean، Persian Gulf، and Anatoly turn it in to sensitive geo politic position. Iran has geographical and economical aptitude with trade economical tendency for government income and it would be out look for removing or absorbing of economical resources where devastating economy activity may be happened. These are important economy issues. Iran has mountainous west border and also desert east boundary that may cause goods contraband and because of long border with neighbors، Iran face to many problems in control of goods contraband imported or exported. Goods smuggling، influences individuals'' economic and social position in general and vulnerable people in particular. It also، hurt their health، employment، and living. If Goods and foreign exchange smuggling are not one of the most important problem in our country، but it is the most important sign of illness which our economy is afflicted to it. In this article، the importance of Iran''s geopolitics in every aspect، and how this position has influenced goods smuggling and its continuity is analyzed. Moreover، how neighbors and their position have influenced this smuggling is analyzed in this study.