جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "institution" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

One of the most important stages of an academic research is choosing a certain suitable theoretical framework. Therefore, this research aimed to find a theoretical framework according to the prerequisites for sustainable rural development. A theoretical framework is a perspective and a school of thought based on which a research is organized. There are different theoretical frameworks and schools in economic knowledge, which can explain issues differently. Therefore, an appropriate theoretical framework should be chosen to identify a specific subject and analyze its related issues. Accordingly, to analyze and identify the issues related to sustainable rural development, it is necessary to use an appropriate theoretical framework that can provide a more realistic explanation. Thus, the data were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method, and the most important prerequisites for sustainable rural development were identified by referring to the literature. According to the results, education, human development, institutional regime, social development, improvement of productivity, environment, equality, improvement of infrastructure, promotion of non-agricultural employment, and technology were recognized as the most important prerequisites for sustainable rural development, most of which having an institutional nature. Therefore, the best theoretical framework that can explain and analyze the issues related to sustainable rural development and provide more realistic explanation is “institutional economics”.

Institutional capacity, as an important factor, plays a bedrock role in the realization of smart cities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the current status of institutional capacity for the realization of a smart city in the metropolis of Ahvaz and ranking its indicators. The present study is a descriptive-analytical purpose in terms of applied purpose and methodology. In assessing the status of the components, it was selected as a statistical population by the experts of organizations that are involved in the smartening of Ahvaz metropolis or will be involved in the future; Finally, 380 questionnaires were completed by the statistical community; Which were selected by snowball sampling and supervised network. Data collection tool is a five-point electronic Likert questionnaire based on qualitative content analysis method; In order to analyze the data, mean statistical tests, one-sample t-test and Friedman ranking were used using SPSS software. Formal validity of the questionnaire with the opinion of professors and content validity using the relative content validity coefficient of CV equal to 0.78; And its authenticity and reliability were confirmed by Kendall coefficient W. According to the research findings, the status of the institutional capacity for the realization of a smart city in the metropolis of Ahvaz is not appropriate, and among these, the peripheral components and smart governance are in a lower situation compared to other components.

The historical experience of many countries in the world shows that developed societies have efficient institutions that have played a large role in the realization of development. This has caused institutionalism to become a necessity today that, in addition to the formation of the institutional structure, its functions are also carefully monitored and its effects on the sustainable development of the region are explored. Based on this, this research is trying to use the descriptive-analytical method and use the existing documents; while explaining the concept of institution and institutionalism; investigate the influence of institutionalism in regional development planning and the impact of institutionalism and institutional capacities on sustainable regional development. The results of the research show that institutionalism, instead of focusing on the summary of descriptive and collected statistics in the field of growth and development results, seeks to explain the basic characteristics and type of growth and development. Based on this approach, local separate assets and internal economic capabilities are considered as a basis for development and a foundation for establishing and launching local and regional competitiveness. Institutionalism emphasizes the necessary conditions and foundations for local and regional development. Based on this approach, both formal and informal institutions are considered as an important and integral part in reducing uncertainty and risk and increasing trust in regional development.

Planning and tourism development¡ including issue is due to its multidimensional nature necessitates the utilization of the potential of all the elements. One of the elements that use its capacity to develop sustainable tourism in the city has been neglected¡ are institutions and NGOs. Local institutions due to the nature of voluntary¡ independent¡ non-profit and nonpolitical nature of their activities have great potential in attracting people. The results showed that there is a direct link between institutional capacity and sustainable development. No society cannot function without the use of institutional capacity to take steps towards sustainable development. Institutions and NGOs are having great potential¡ especially in the area of policy making¡ planning and implementation of tourism projects. Public institutions as an affordable alternative to the government can to take over the role of cultural heritage protection and tourism. They can be confidence-building capacities¡ participatory and interactive use and sustainable development of tourism investment to propel the elements and attractions in the city.

Urban Economic in metropolis of Iran such as Tehran، because of lack of the dynamic mechanism for accumulation of capital، related to land rent and inequality in opportunities. According to the increasing of Liquidity and Merchant capitalism Domination polarization of Tehran has been increased. With this differentiation if in 1961-1991 Tehran had a industrial-service function، in servant year this function has transformed to the dysfunctional Merchant- finance pole. In this condition in short time accumulation of capital grow Impressive، but Pseudo and expected income، intense very problems such as: inflation in housing، unemployment and squatter settlement. Methodology of this article is Applied and have a Descriptive- Analytical trend that some results has been shown in ArcGis platform. The results of this research by Analyze capitalism organization of Iran in two late decade and its spatial reflection has shown some Inequality economic and social trend. One of this spatial reflection is accrued out of urban boundary، this spatial is a Conditional dimension of economic and social relationship. Unlike general supposition، Investigation of demographic trends in this places show that population of Tehran province is growing، this growth could be percept in rural population increasing in squatter settlement form. It seems if Tehran couldn’t develop appropriate mechanism for accumulation capital، in near future In addition immigration trend toward Tehran، many problem threat inner space of Tehran province and spatial structure of Tehran province show this trend clearly in spontaneous settlements since 40 kilometer of South Tehran city border.