جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "islamic councils" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

The experiences of the age of globalization show that the lack of participation of people in the decision-making and decision-making process harms society, for this reason, societies have moved towards greater use of popular participation. One of the ways to achieve this partnership is to create and expand the activities of local organizations. Factors such as the experiences of the age of globalization, the increasing complexity of society, the reduction of the costs of the people and the government, the regionalization of affairs and their acceleration have caused Islamic councils to play a more prominent role in today's society. In the meantime, this article examines the role of councils by emphasizing the constitution. According to the law, this institution, by performing various functions, objectifies the role of the people in the management and implementation of affairs, which, of course, faces many internal and external challenges. In general, the legislator's attention to the councils shows that, firstly, this institution is of great importance in terms of function, and secondly, it has potential capacities that, if realized, can lead to regional and local development. And ultimately lead to national development. This paper seeks to examine the theoretical dimensions, characteristics, legal aspects and functions of this institution and, finally, its challenges and disadvantages.

In this article, in order to present a new model in local elections, the suggestions of electoral models have been used and the city of Tehran has been selected as the study. The source of data collection was in-depth interviews with experts and analysis of laws and regulations in this field, and the data were analyzed using the content analysis method. The present study with an applied-developmental approach and based on the field method to the question "How effective are the fundamental reforms in the council and municipal elections in the performance of local institutions?" Has answered. The research results show that, according to the experience of developed and successful countries in urban development and local affairs management, development steps should be taken from part to whole with experimentation and experience. In general, electoral reforms are very important in the performance of local government and increase the role of local citizens in appointing managers and commenting on the way local government is run.

Decentralization and local government formation is a complex and long process that works to increase the participation of all members of a community in the development process based on local capacities, capabilities and resources. In decentralization, the central government delegates decision-making power to local institutions whose managers are elected by the local people, but whose operation is under the control and supervision of the central government. In other words, decentralization refers to the relative authority of local governments to set goals, provide resources, and administer and implement public policies. One of the prerequisites for the success and sustainability of local government is the provision of revenue sources commensurate with the duties and responsibilities. In Iran, the adoption of a policy of financial independence from the government without defining new financial sources has created many problems and challenges for local institutions. The present study intends to study the problems of councils and municipalities in the field of revenue sources in addition to comparative studies, and finally to provide solutions in this regard. These include promoting transparency, accountability and accountability, increasing the share of municipalities in revenues from the VAT law, creating a sustainable municipal revenue system based on renovation tolls, and exploiting small businesses in the local economy.

During recent decades, two institutions -Dehyari and Islamic Council- have participated in the rural management and development, as local institutions. One of the important points in this respect, is the interaction of these two institutions in order to develop rural areas, as Dehyari acts as an executive institution, aligned with the decisions of Islamic Council, and to have participation with. Therefore, interaction assessment between Dehyars and Islamic Council in the management and development of rural areas to improve the current situation, is important. This research is descriptive-analytical and from the type of quantitative surveys. The research method is also a survey (field study). The research population includes people residing in villages that have Dehyari and Islamic council, in Dehdez Section of Izeh County, that encompassed over 13021 people. Based on Cochran's formula, sample size was calculated more than 373 people. Result showed that interactions between Dehyars and Islamic Councils is not much desirable. Reviewing one-sample t-test and Structural Equations Model indicate that social indicator has been in a good situation, in terms of Dehyars and Islamic Councils interactions, but economic, environmental and physical indicators enjoy weak condition, while interactions and relationships being undesirable. The type of relations between Dehyars and Islamic Councils should pave the way for reaching sustainable development, while the results do not show this situation. Therefore, Dehyars and Islamic Councils must pursue all development indicators in an integrated way; and creating interactions in all indicators, realized rural development and management.