جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "production of space" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

In this research, the main goal is analyzing the concept of the right to the city in urban development plans. Qazvin, the case study of this research, is one of historical and medieval cities in Iran with 6 urban development plans including 4 master plans and 2 comprehensive ones. The data collection is done by document studies method. The method of content analysis using MAXQDA2020 is used in analysis part. The research findings show that, the spatial representation seeks to identify urban problems and take steps to solve them accordingly. In this respect, the most frequent topic in the development plans for Qazvin has been to intervene with the spatial organization of the city while respecting, although apparently, its identity. Unfortunately, however, this has been left largely unachieved because of ignoring the citizens and their right to the city. respecting the citizens and their needs and regarding the people’s lived experience paves the road toward formulating successful plans and hence a more sustainable city. Finally, a couple of recommendations are presented for improved implementation of urban development plans

Space and how to organize it is one of the challenging problems that different sciences have paid much attention to for a long time. Looking to space as a base to show economic and social inequality is very important. Urban space can be produced and consumed like other social productions. Therefore, cognition and analysis of social processes are necessary to introduce space. In this research, according to the rule of capitalism in the cities of Iran, the impact of the capital economy on the process of Urmia urban space production is considered. The aim of this research is to consider the impact of capitalism on Urmia urban space production and the effective factors of extraction on it. This research, as the aim of method research, is practical. Also, this research is qualitative in terms of nature and method. The analytical method of this research is the Lefebvre dialectical method, which is tied to the historical-analytical method. So, in this research, different historical eras from "Ghajjar" are now considered. Documental tools like library sources, websites, maps, pictures, and programs, as well as field tools like view and interview, are also used to collect data. This research concluded that the space is not fabricated, and the urban spaces of Urmia are formed based on the necessity of capital. The results of this research have the obvious view that city managers, decision-takers, and planners should solve the difficulties of urban spaces, especially in Urmia city. Also, controlling and guiding the space development of Urmia city based on justice is the other practice of this research.

The right to the city in urban development goes beyond the physical form and, at the same time, has a mental and social meaning, which has been popularized in planning theory and urban studies after its proposal by Lefebvre. This theory focuses on the residents and the distinctive features of the space and believes that the right to the city can only be formulated as the right to the evolved and renewed urban life. Based on descriptive-explanatory purpose, this research seeks to spatially analyze the components of right to the city in Bandar Abbas. Therefore, after collecting 77 subjective and objective measures around the research components, the multi-criteria decision-making technique of COPRAS has been exploited to integrate the data in the ArcMap Tools. The findings show that in the current state of urban development in Bandar Abbas, the right to the city in all its aspects, the right to ownership, the right to participation and the right to difference for the residents have been weakened and ignored. A share of up to 20.7% of the city space, which is mainly directed to the wealthy neighborhoods and parts of the central areas of the city, as well as parts of new developments, the right to the city has been more manifested, and in about 19.8% of the city spaces. Mainly applicable to informal settlements and slums of the city, this right has been undermined and ignored.

Since the 1970s, with the turn of industrial-production capitalism to financial capitalism under the process of globalization and in sync with neoliberal approaches, global cities have witnessed the influx of capital to accumulate and reproduce it in their spaces.This movement of capital from the production sector to space has caused the spatial structure of cities to undergo extensive changes in their spatial, physical, economic, social and environmental dimensions. The consequences of privatization and commercialization of the public spaces of cities in order to reproduce as much capital as possible and space competition and polarization of space can be considered as the result of applying such attitudes. In contrast to this prevailing thinking, urban critical theories have been formed based on the fundamental criticism of these approaches and the explanation of the root causes of problems and the consequences of these approaches on urban spaces. This research, with a fundamental approach and a descriptive, analytical method, and using documentary and library studies through qualitative analysis from the perspective of critical urban theories, explains the spatial structure of Tehran and the effects of capital rule on its spaces. And in the process of spatial data analysis, it uses a spatial model (GIS). The findings of this research show that the metropolis of Tehran, both in terms of urban development plans and urban management policies, has been significantly affected by these capital-oriented approaches. And it has faced challenges such as profit-oriented urban management, polarization of the physical and social structures of the 22 districts of the city, commodification of housing, exchange of land and real estate in the open market, change of use and privatization of space.

Urban spaces are organized areas. Meanwhile, the old district of Isfahan, designated as a tourist area, exudes a distinctive atmosphere. The current research aims to analyze the production of urban space using Lefebvre's conceptual model, examining the impact of virtual networks and incorporating ethnography. The research seeks to investigate changes and trends in city space production in response to the proliferation of tourism and the influence of virtual space. It aligns Lefebvre's three dimensions of space production with virtual space, aiming to enhance the understanding of space production in theoretical frameworks. To gather research data, the primary researcher resided in Isfahan for ten months, employing the ethnographic method. Data collection involved participatory observation, and analysis was conducted using the triple coding system. The findings indicate that emerging spatial factors, such as reliance on online information, evolving attitudes towards travel, and shifts in economic and cultural rationale through platforms like Instagram, have altered the logic of space production in Isfahan's old district, steering it towards commercialization. A new logic, shaped by online interactions and a selective interpretation of space, has taken root.

The development of the city to produce urban spaces and both are intertwined with the issue of power. Power structures and processes often lead to the gradual elimination of disorganized groups and interests in favor of organized and resource-dominated groups and interests. The pressure of the powers that be is problematic and the vacuum of the powers that are not causes imbalances in society. Analyzing these power relations helps urban decision-makers to find better solutions to urban problems.

The actors of the production of the desired urban space have been identified through semi-structured interviews with the method of snowball sampling to reach the experts of the target community of the research, as well as frequent field observations and documentary review to complete and verify. Then, the power relations between these actors were measured and analyzed through the flow analysis method using Ucinet software and the power of the actors was measured and analyzed through the interaction analysis method using MicMac software.

Geographical area of research:

The study area is a unique and highly populated urban space of Abbasabad lands with an area of 554 hectares is located in the central part of Tehran metropolis.

The output of software analysis and analysis of the results obtained a level of communication and power of actors in the production of urban space in Abbasabad, which showed that there is no balance in the power of actors and citizens are at the lowest level of influence and role and influence in none They did not participate in the preparation, approval and implementation of the plan, and the independent private sector is not present in this process..

Among the innovations of this research: 1- Using two softwares, MacMac and Ucinet, to identify and analyze the power of urban space production actors in a study sample. 2- In the field of developing the existing knowledge in urban planning, in order to make the production of urban spaces more citizen-oriented, using the latest ideas of thinkers in the field of urban planning and power, proposing the "government-space-people" model and forming a "public institution of spacemen" Urban "(executive-operational) and the presentation of the PIUS theory is proposed.

Nowadays, the development of knowledge-based cities has become one of the pervasive strategies for sustainable urban development and one of the most effective paradigms for future sustainable cities. In fact, the new millennium has been designated as the era of knowledge-based cities. However, the production of space in knowledge-based cities has its own requirements. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the production of space and the formation of knowledge-based zones using Henry Lefebvre's theory. The research was theoretical-foundational in nature, and its method was descriptive-analytical. The ontology was a combination of physical, mental, and organic factors, and its epistemology was interpretive and hermeneutic. The results of the research indicated that, based on Henry Lefebvre's theory, the production of space in knowledge-based cities includes physical aspects such as transforming the zoning of an area from "22i" (industrial) to "22 @" (new knowledge-based activities), creating zones based on mixed land use, urban diversity, density, and compactness, establishing various clusters consisting of energy, media, information and communication technology, and medical technology, and launching the 22@ Entrepreneurship System, Barcelona Activa, and Landing Platforms. Furthermore, it encompasses mental aspects such as adapting the new fabric to the new economy, making the space attractive for attracting elites, long-term flexibility, and ensuring sustainability in the future, as well as the role of urban planners and facilitators, and Barcelona's history in the application of mixed land use and creative industries. Additionally, the organic aspects include the creation of a mediatheque building as a communication center and meeting point for professionals, students, entrepreneurs, research and development centers, and information and communication technology institutions; promoting the Breakfast Update event 22@ to establish mutual communication between the specialist community and creating a sense of belonging to the place; implementing programs such as the Digital District to familiarize the older generation with digital educational programs; establishing a smart city campus to create a new space for urban innovation by bringing together companies, institutions, universities, and research centers in the field of information and communication technology; and fostering innovation ecosystems and urban planning within knowledge-based zones.

This research, using the theory of production of space and right to the artistic city of Lefebvre, as well as the model of participatory planning and avoiding the interpretations and analyzes of reductionists; In an effort to achieve the desired pattern of production and reproduction of urban spaces with emphasis on one of the largest, most capital and most challenging urban spaces, namely large commercial complexes or megaliths of the metropolis of Tehran. A model that makes citizen participation and participation as its basic principle in urban policy-making and calls for the sociality of space and the organization of people''s lives based on abstractions such as plans, financial institutions, engineering systems, and so on. In other words, in this speech, in addition to analyzing the concept of the right to the city and its dimensions, as well as its conceptual relationship with the flow of production and reproduction of space in the city, the authors seek the question of the desired city as a field of action for citizens and activists Which is active? And what is the process of achieving the right in this field? The dominant strategy in this research is a qualitative strategy based on the problem defined in the researcher''s mind and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The results of the research indicate that the right to the city of Lefebvre is the freedom of citizens to participate in the use and production of urban space, and therefore

There is a dialectical relationship between urbanization and the production of space. On the one hand, rapid urbanization not only changes the physical space, including the built environment, land use, and landscapes; It also changes the imaginary and mental space, on the other hand, the produced space changes the whole urbanization process. The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of urban space production in contemporary Iran. The city of Tehran has been selected as a case study.In order to achieve the research goal, the most important urban planning measures, influential forces, goals and results of measures taken in Tehran have been analyzed.The research method was descriptive-post-event. The data collection tool was documentary. The results show that the goals of changing and producing new urban space are different and have occurred in three important cycles.In the first cycle, the most important goal of urban change was to control space, and ultimately the expansion of capitalism.In the second cycle, the most important goal in the production of urban space has been the accumulation of capital, which the government and other elements, namely capital and local government, by reducing spatial barriers provided the necessary bases for capital accumulation in Tehran.In the third cycle, the government withdrew from financing the municipality with the aim of reducing costs, and passed a law on municipal self-sufficiency, which effectively gave the city to the capital and the municipality.Finally, the capital of Tehran has become a valuable commodity.

The City is a social right and the role of urban space in producing daily life rhythm, and reproducing social relations, creates an approach in citizenship rights that the city residents must be the main players and beneficiaries in the production of urban space. Meanwhile, increasing the lives of humans and adding elderly populations are considerable results of the 21th century. Elderly as a biological process rather than a disease is a vital phenomenon that gradually covers everyone. The phenomenon of aging creates significant changes in all aspects of the life of human societies, including a wide range of age structures, values and criteria, and the creation of social organizations. It is very important to confronting the challenges posed by this phenomenon and adopting appropriate policies for improving the physical, social and mental status of the elderly. In this regard, with propounding of the city age-friendly space, seems Lefebvre ideas can be appropriate criterion for spatial intervention in the cities for the benefit of the vulnerable group. The idea of the right to the city of Lefebvre is a powerful response to all cities, especially cities those citizens, in different forms (Deprivation and depriving groups of people from the right to peace, security and solidarity) suffer from extreme conflict. Since the right to the city belongs to all the inhabitants of a city, the study of the right to the city of elderly in cities as vulnerable group that needs support, adds to its importance.

The research is descriptive-analytical and in the terms of time domain it considered as present sectional. Following the study of Lefebvre ideas to extract the spatial manifestations of the idea of the right to the city as a conceptual model of research, the condition of the elderly resident in the worn-out texture of Zanjan city was investigated. Due to the lack of clarity of the number of elderly resident in the worn-out texture, sampling method of missing statistical population is used to determine the sample size and the sample size is 170 people. The locative sampling method of the study is clustering and the clusters have been systematically selected. The studying condition of the elderly resident in the texture was done by the SF-36 standard questionnaire with Likert spectral ranking and face-to-face interview method by researchers. Research indicators have been compiled in two parts: independent and dependent variables and contextual variables. The dependent variable includes "the right to the city" and independent variables include the "the right to appropriate of use urban space" with 3 indicators and the "the right to participate" with 3 indicators. The contextual variables also include the individual characteristics of the statistical population. To analyze the data, descriptive tables and charts, Kruskal-Wallis test (to investigate the differences between the statistical groups on the subject of the research) and the path analysis test (to study the effect of the indicators of the right to use urban space and the right to participate on the urban right component) with the help of SPSS software have been used.

Findings show that the right to the city in the worn-out texture of Zanjan city has not materialized and the average satisfaction of the statistical population from the right to the city index is 2.94, which is below average. Meanwhile, the right to appropriate use of urban space has a rating of 3.01 and participation right has a rating of 2.87. Study of the statistical population with Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the elderly with different physical characteristics do not have a single understanding of the status of the right to the city index in the worn-out texture of the city of Zanjan. But there is no disagreement between other different groups of gender, socioeconomic status, and length of stay in the city, which adds to the importance of the right to the city concept. The study of the right to the city indicators and the effect of each on urban space with the path analysis test showed that the total effect of the right to appropriate use of urban space component on the right to the city component is 0.827 and the total effect of the component of the right to participate is 0.823. This trend shows that in terms of statistical population, the components of the appropriate right to use and the right to participate have a favorable effect on the right to the city component and by strengthening these two components, one can create the favorable urban environment in the central worn-out texture of Zanjan and adapt it to the needs of different groups, especially the elderly.

From Lefebvre's view, the right to the city manifests itself as a privileged form of rights, and it is without a doubt that the concept of the right to the city today is used as an umbrella term for sustainability, and its meaning has become much wider compared to Lefebvre first apply. According to the research findings, the component of the right to participate with a score lower than the right to appropriate use of urban space should be considered and planned based on the needs for upgrading the urban space production /citizenship right, urban decision making and then urban organization in order. In this way, the group of elderly people who enjoy more leisure time than other members of society can be active and productive members in creating vibrant urban spaces and experience dynamic aging.The right to appropriate use of urban space should also be considered based on the needs for upgrading the control and ownership of space, physical share, and ultimately urban vitality, in line with the right to participate in order. Because the elderly as a group with mobility limitations need to adapt to the environment in order to be present in the community and urban spaces.

The expansion of poverty caused by the global capitalist mechanism, which in Iran has majorly appeared in the form of governmental capitalism, has led to the formation of an official/unofficial duality across various economic dimensions as well as urban areas. Physical representations of urban poverty under different terms such as marginalization, slum dwelling, unofficial residency, and spontaneous settlement have always been compiled through the outlook of planning and analysis management, according to the interpretation of various plans to confront this issue; nevertheless, the dimensions of the problem have been expanded, partly due to the inefficiency of the discourse used by groups that are involved in organizing this phenomenon. In this paper, the production system and reproduction of space as a supplement to official spaces were examined with a focus on critical analysis as well as Henry Lefebvre’s (1973) production of space theory, which involves three spatial dimensions including perceived space, conceived space, and lived space. To this end, first, the problem of unofficial urban living was examined within the framework of Lefebvre’s(1973) production of space theory as well as the three spatial dimension as a unique view of spaces. By using such an outlook, it is likely to gain access to the underlying layers of reality which may occur through a type of possible contemplation that does not exclusively remain bound by phenomena and manifestations of the problem, yet it could break through underside layers of phenomena by reflection and could identify, explain and, conceptualize the mechanisms, forces and, structural orientations behind the problem. A real conceptualization cannot only remain limited to results, consequences, manifestations, and minor issues but more importantly, it should be able to explain the link between such minor issues with more general ones, portraying the interactions among them. Consequently, first, the theoretical foundations of the study were investigated through this outlook, within the framework of Lefebvre’s (1973) intellectual instrument. Following the investigation of the study’s theoretical foundations, the status of unofficial production of space in Sanandaj city was assessed by extracting a way to assess three dimensions of unofficial production of space and observing the three international, national, and local levels; the conceived space was examined first. Primarily, the plans and programs of Sanandaj city and the province affecting the spatial structure and policy-making of the city were examined. Next, the views of technocrat groups were analyzed using documents and interviews conducted with the groups and published in newspapers. To analyze the conceived space involving the present space and actions taken in these settlements, the executive actions in urban spontaneous settlements by government agencies and NGOs were investigated. Ultimately, the lived space was analyzed and assessed as the most important type of space in urban spontaneous settlements through conducting interviews with the residents of the three spatial layers of Sanandaj city along with observing and comparing the other two spaces with the livelihood of these settlements’ inhabitants. The statistics on three spatial layers were obtained from population and housing census. Today, more than 50% of Sanandaj city population live in urban spontaneous settlements. Despite the numerous plans and programs offered for the city in different periods, they have failed to effectively contribute to the status of the poor. Moreover, some of these plans had brought about considerably incorrect ideas for the city as they were compiled as a completely abstract, upper, top-down plan for the city and rural areas around it. In fact, the plans and programs’ structures, as well as the bureaucratic structure of offices, led to more low-income groups to become marginalized. The status quo observed today are the problematic dimensions of these plans. In addition to the plans, the residents were accused of being “the marginalized” through some of the views put forth by scientific, technocratic groups along with influencing the government’s conditions. As representations existing for spaces, all of these factors had led to the growth and spatial reproduction of spontaneous settlements in Sanandaj city; in this regard, not only it has not contributed to the first established layer of the city, but it has also helped with its reproduction in the second layer, naturally followed by the reproduction of the third layer over time. Similar to projects by the World Bank and various organizations such as the civil and urban development company along with actions taken by the municipality and urban management, spatial practices within the spontaneous settlements of Sanandaj city have had no impact on preventing the rise of this process; the residents themselves have often forced the urban management to adhere to their requests by producing their intended spaces, given the conditions imposed on them. As a form of representation space, residents have resisted against the focus of the urban management on the exchange value in cities by prioritizing the value, producing space in their own unofficial framework. As a matter of fact, imposing spatial practices and space representation on the lived space of the residents followed by the expansion of the city within the second and third spatial layers confirms this very subject. The separation between the components of the triad involving theory, action, and people’s demands was correctly confirmed through interviews conducted across the three spatial layers of Sanandaj city By paying attention to Lefebvre’s opinions and how planning should be self-criticizing to the extent that it is free of any ideologies, the necessity of catering for demands and self-organization of daily life by the low-income strata is made clear more than ever so as to gradually resolve the official/unofficial duality. Furthermore, the intensifying process of inequality and the class gap could be slowed down and ultimately mitigated by forming a critical discourse which would not be attainable except through the public demand as well as deciphering the spaces and focusing on the application value rather than exchange value along with the lived experience of residents. The results obtained in the study denote a distinguished perception of unofficial living conditions by the three groups including the government, technocrats, and people. Differences between the views and actions of governmental and scientific technocrats and the lived experience of residents demonstrate a deep gap between these groups and show the necessity to consider alternative solutions through a critical outlook that is independent of space compared to previous decades.

Growth of capitalist system has led to the production of profit-based and incompatible spaces with the environment. This situation in peripheral area of Urmia City, is prominently visible. The present research is practical based on purpose and concerning the method, it is a mixed research (qualitative and quantitative). Data collection method has been using satellite imagery, and deep and semi-structured interviews. To analyze data in two quantitative and qualitative sections ENVI and ArcGIS 9.3 software and grounded theory method were used. Statistical population of the study in the quantitative and qualitative sections includes peripheral area of Urmia City and related organizations in rural and urban affairs (including municipality, Road and Urban Development Organization, Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural - Jihad Organization, Governor General of Western Azerbaijan Province, and Governor and …). Results show that in first stage of research, the production of spaces at the interval between 2000 and 2014 years in five class residential spaces, industrial, green areas, vacant and unutilized spaces and communication networks were identified. Results show that from 2000 to 2014, volume of green spaces (37.730 %) and vacant and unutilized spaces (34.033 %) has been reduced. And in contrast, the residential number of spaces (24/448 %), industry (3.787% %) and communication networks (169.7 km) has been added. The obtained results showed speculative tendencies and rent-seeking in urban peripheries.

Urban areas are the most important place to the formation of citizen action, agency, possibility and context of social functions. In this sense, space is always the potential that can be actualize in ways such as the presence of people in it. In today's everyday life, public spaces including parks can be as active domains, abandoned citizens  from the routine imperative, or at least pull out them for a short time in the life of the temporal. In this sense- and in this research, space is considered as a representation for individuals that In addition to its spatial differences, in terms of rhythm and flow of time is different from other spaces. In this study anywhere in the text that speaking about space, meaning is "space as a social construct". This means that space just in the physical meaning is not purpose  of research. Because if we understand  space such a one-sided, we can not conceptualize and formulate the presence as a constructive factor in connection with that space we studied. This study with utilizes qualitative research methodology, tries to identify affecting indices to preferences of people's presence through interviews with the groups in space and then analyze them through content analysis, It is notable that during the field interview at least  in 39 people have been reached theoretical saturation. Finally, after identifying 21 indicators, including spatial rhythm, features of keeping, Spatial awareness and the action-oriented presence and features of invisiblity. Has been analyzed them and how their influence has been on the presence of people in the park. After analyzing solutions to strengthen presence of people in the park has been proposed.