جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « rural participation » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Nowadays,villagers' participation in the rural affairs or in the other word, for developing the village areas is very important.These participations are one of the most part of the rural development.The main aim of this research is to evaulte the participation rate of the rural inhabitants and its relationship with the level of development of the areas. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical.The Panjali village in the Garveh city has been selected as the statistical population of this study. with the Cochran's formulas,258 families as the samples size have been selected.The Cronbach's Alpha coefficients has been used for the justifiability of the questionnaires,The alpha coefficients for this research shows 0.79. Statistical analysis of this research have been performed with using SPSS software and one-sample T-Test and Pearson correlation coefficient test. In the next step, the Route Analysis model has been applied for the investigating the effect of the components on the participation level.The results show that social factor with 0.855 overall effect, is on the first rank, economic factor with 0.555 is on the second rank and environmental factor with 0.449 is in the last ranking of this research.The one sample run test has been used for measurement of the participation rate of the villagers.In regarding to this testing, environmental factor with 3.30 average and T Statistics 6.026 is in the first rank.The social factor with average of 3.15 and T Statistics 4.416 is in the second ranking while the economical factor with average of 2.90 and T Statistics -2.251 is in the third ranking.In the end, the Pearson correlation coefficient has been used to measure the relationship of participation and the level of development.In to according to that test, with the obtained coefficient of 0.998, it has been found that these two categories have a direct and significant relationship.

By extending the concept of participation among pundits and developmental scholars, many of developmental activists present scientific and logical solutions in order to encourage and promote participation and emphasize the importance of it. In rural development studies there is great attention on the concept of rural participation so that by measuring people participation in rural areas the progress of rural development management can be evaluated. In order to gain a benefit from this criterion and activating the theoretical concept of participation in researches there is a need to define variables and phrases in questionnaire and valid format. These variables and phrases can be used to measure the concept of people participation in rural areas by researchers. Although a lot of studies have been done in rural areas about the issue researchers do not have a clear and acceptable tool which is approved and validated by developmental scholars. The study is based on applied and qualitative research with the aim of starting a new movement to achieve a valid tool including targeted, clear and explicit questions according to the respondents understanding that able to collect reliable information on the concept of participation of rural areas. Thereupon, 20 phrases related to participation have been judged by 40 academic experts and masters in executive organizations. Calculating CVI and CVR for each phrase determine in what extent these phrases identify the concept of rural participation. Finally, among 20 phrases 15 of them identified as valid ones.

Rural governance is an approach against the rural government in the system of administration and control of rural affairs and is a process that is formed based on the interaction between organizations and official institutions of rural administration and organizations and problems of civil society and private sector. Good governance as a new concept in management Rural is important because in recent years the country has sought to implement a significant role for people's participation at all levels, including rural, and to create management mechanisms such as rural councils and rural councils. Good governance is one of the new approaches of the General Directorate of Rural Affairs in the transnational, national and local spheres. One of the regional dimensions of governance is local governance or rural management in both dimensions of supervisory management (councils) and executive management (Dehyar), which refers to the quality of rural affairs management. To analyze and evaluate the factors affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of rural management. In both supervisory and executive oversight, this study seeks to analyze in detail the relationships between what is happening (activities, decisions, and arrangements) and what we expect to achieve (goals and values). There were features that both explained the resources and processes and included the effective result, which can be used to find the unknown and obscure aspects in practice, at which time we can say that good rural governance is a means to one or more goals. It is desirable that it can play an irreplaceable role in the life of rural communities.

In this research, first, the required data have been collected, classified and organized, and then the obtained information has been analyzed using descriptive tables, graphs and statistics. In this study, the following statistical methods have been used:1) Methods of statistics Description: In the description of the collected data and information, the methods used are: frequency, mean, standard deviation.
2) Inferential statistical

In this section, according to the research hypotheses, first from Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (to determine whether the data is normal or abnormal) and if normal, Pearson correlation coefficient and paired t-test. , Was used by SPSS statistical software to prove the hypotheses.Library studies were used by Soomehsara Governor's Office regarding the information of the city's rural districts and rural management experts, statistical yearbooks, articles, specialized books, and information available in government organizations, including the Management and Planning Organization.

Evaluation of performance and effectiveness variables in order to study rural management and good management shows that more than 70% of respondents averaged the amount of donors to the tasks of their organizational structures in relation to villages, 59.3% of respondents use the correct usage Dehyaran averages the available resources of the village, more than 48% of the respondents moderate the role of the effectiveness of Dehyaran's actions and activities and continuous reduction of village expenses by Dehyaran in institutionalizing culture, more than 40% the role of village managers in preserving natural resources And highly evaluated its optimal use. More than 70% of rural investment attraction, participation in paying attention to the deprived, pursuing development projects and informing the people are moderate and high. On the other hand, more than 65% of the people have commented on the opinions and suggestions of the villagers, the opinion of the people in choosing Dehyar and the existence of a long-term financial outlook for the village, contrary to the opinions of many middle and high managers.The results generally show that the presence and follow-up of villagers and other rural managers from the perspective of managers between 40 and 70 percent has a direct impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of rural management and good management.More than 77% of the respondents moderated their contribution to the tasks of the organizational structures towards the villages, more than 70% of the respondents the effect of continuous reduction of village expenses by villagers in institutionalizing culture, improving the work process of the village and the satisfaction of the villagers was considered moderate and high. The standard deviation of less than one and the opinions of the villagers vary from very low to very high in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.From the perspective of managers in increasing the participation of villagers in good governance management and improving it in the village, more than 55% of the role of managers in encouraging and paying attention to women's participation in the village, attention to the deprived, pursuing development plans and informing the public And more than 50 percent of them have considered the impact of paying attention to the opinions and suggestions of the villagers, the opinion of the people in choosing Dehyar and the existence of a long-term financial outlook for the village.According to Pearson correlation test, there is a significant relationship between the efficiency and effectiveness of rural management and good governance and improving management and governance. The relationship between these two variables is direct and the coefficient of t-test. Since the error rate of the relationship is less than0.05 and according to the coefficient of determination of the relationship, which is considered to be 95% in this research, the research hypothesis is thus confirmed. According to Couple sample test there is a significant relationship between the efficiency and effectiveness of rural management and good governance and improving management and governance.

The results on the efficiency and effectiveness variables of rural management show that the factors of the amount of villagers' assistance to the tasks of their organizational structures in relation to villages are average, the extent of proper use of rural resources by villagers, Dehyaran has an important role in institutionalizing culture, the role of village managers in maintaining natural resources and its optimal use from the perspective of managers and villagers as effective factors for the efficiency and effectiveness of rural management and good governance. There is a relationship between increasing the efficiency of rural management and good management and improving good management and good management in the study area.

with the start of planning in the new form in rural areas, there is a conflict between the demand of villagers from below with the view of planners from the above that there is no normative view of issues and little attention to the environmental quality of development, that have influence on deepening the conflict. determining the dimensions of environmental quality in rural planning on the part of villagers and local experts, The main objectives of this article will lead to the satisfaction of residents and success of rural planners. In order to attract the participation of people in the process of conceptualizing environmental quality dimensions and optimal planning, the Sharyar village was selected from the Lordegan county. The research methodology is a qualitative method, especially the formation of collaborative workshops and purposeful interviews with rural participants. Therefore, 36 people from the Sharyar village and local managers were in the form of 6 organized workshops and people’s expectations of the concepts of environmental quality in rural planning in various items were determined. There were 202 items of environmental quality concepts and finally, items were ranked by workshops themselves in the framework of 5 dimensions,  1 Pencil and 44 index. In physical-physical dimensions, 48 items in the form of 9 indicators, in social-cultural dimensions, 46 items in the form of 10 indicators, in economic aspect, 42 items in the form of 8 indicators, in the environmental dimension of 35 items in the form of 8 indicators, and in the political-administrative dimension, 10 items in the form of 3 indicators Arranged. At the end of this dimension, in the form of a strategic area with 21 items and in the form of 6 indicators, the country's planning system is proposed to evaluate the environmental quality of rural areas.

The purpose of this evaluation research the effectiveness of structural and institutional factors influencing participation of villagers in the rural guide plans is. In terms of objective research methods applied and the method descriptive and cor relational. Statistical population in this study, 25 villages in the metropolis of Hamedan Policy In which the guide plan has been implemented, among them 10 villages were selected for sampling. Applying random sampling method and Cochran formula, 200 households were questioned. Based on the results of Pearson correlation tests with the co-efficient of 0.488, research findings show that there is a highly significant relationship between structural-institutional factors affecting participation and performance of Guidance Plans, to the extent that structural-institutional factors affecting participation explain 25% of changes attributed to dependent variable. Among the structural-institutional factors, the variable of “the role of non-governmental organizations in encouraging public participation” was 26.5% effective in implementation of Guidance plans. There was overall and direct correlation in spatial distribution of the relationship between structural-institutional factors affecting participation and performance process in Guidance Plans in six villages.

Land consolidation in agricultural sector is one of the most fundamental policies. It is not expected to solve many problems without taking the agricultural mechanization and efficiency in production into account. Therefore، the land consolidation projects are one way to achieve agricultural development and sustainable agricultural development which plays an important role in achieving this. The main problem that this research is seeking to achieve is to answer this question that whether the farmers didn’t have tendency for participation or Jihad experts didn’t perform projects with appropriate planning. If farmers disagree with performance project، what was the cause of their disagreement? The purpose of this research is to find the reasons and factors that serve as barriers to participate in land consolidation projects. Finding the reasons make us able to discover the causes of this issue and present the solutions to reduce the factors that negatively affect their tendency to participate in the projects. The sample villages of the city of Boukan as the representatives for the statistical population of the city are Abdullah Tapasy، Gale Rasoul and Mallalar Villages. To explore and to explain the problems the qualitative methods (focus groups، interviews or focus) were used in this study.

Focus group interview is the kind of interview with an interaction approach based on interview with individuals on special subjects- provided by researcher- in one free and one controlled space by the researcher. This method is also used as reaching to common mind of individuals. Main sampling on qualitative research is based on criterion sampling. In this study، we also have selected three sample villages (in every village we have one opposite and opponent group with these projects)، six groups of total delegation of the villages with criterion-based sampling that can be generalized to all people of the village (in terms of socio- economic situation، age، and etc.). Each of them was separately in one session group interview. The number of these groups was changeable from seven to ten. On this basis، during these interviews after introduction، the researchers carried interviews to provide three total questions of essence and the rate of awareness of the project. Why you are opponent and opposite with these projects? And what methods and strategies are presented to promote the participation in land consolidation projects specially and other developmental projects generally?

The main reason for the disagreement between the opposite groups of the villages were unimportant implementation، quality of program implementation and enforcement without end، the similar quality، the sense of belonging، a high level of distrust، and initiation of an interest in personal property family، lack of awareness due to lack of information، the sense of powerlessness and dissatisfaction. The main reason for the participants in the interviews were awareness of the benefits of cost reduction and increase in the revenue، soil and water management، giving incentives، increased land values​​، better control on the monitoring of the ground and etc. It can be said that the most important effect of land consolidation is increase in the performance، due to reasonable cultivation system. It can also designate farms to other crops by using consolidation planning in the region according to expertise due to implementation of consolidation cultivation method after primary cultivation and harvesting. Hence، it is hopeful to production in agriculture and finally to rural development and self- sufficiency in production. Therefore، more attention of the politicians can be very effective to encourage farmers in traditional land consolidation and intervene among them in the projects.

Given the mentioned results we provide strategies that solved these problems in both micro and macro levels. Some of the strategies are: 1- Awareness of the farmers: in order to increase information and awareness of the farmers، it is required to give more attention to public relation section of relevant organization، promotion and capable promotion by educational and promotional classes، exposing successful methods in other countries even in the region and local media in micro and macro framework planning. Besides، two of these items، variable education of farmers and attraction of the adolescent educated generation in this field can play an effective role. 2- In view of farmers، People distrust to governmental agents and organizations is due to weak performance of government in field of project performance and other duties pertaining to the villager affairs. Thus، it is necessary for trust-building to government for performance of project for more than one time. It has correct evaluation to study farmer life condition in relevant to unemployment situation، employment opportunities and correct planning of lands with farmer participant، having systematic vision، and attention to all aspects of distribution and consolidation of land. 3- Integrative and systematic planning is one of the most important factors to increase people satisfaction and their participation in land consolidation projects. Land consolidation should be putted in total policies of rural development and agriculture as participation action and from context of society. It requires creation of capable environment to provide active participants of all stakeholders. This is conducted in such an integrative and process attitude and the environmental situation that the rural and agricultural development becomes visible. 4- In view of the opponents of land consolidation projects، one of the most important factors in attracting villagers participation in development plants- such as land consolidation- is using of rural trustee in the village. The trustees، for example، are sheriff، the council of village، mosque trustee، educated persons and etc.، because the people have authority among villagers and the rural community as well as they can have important and good role in solving family problems and also the problems pertaining to lands among people and organization. Thus، relevant organizations can start these projects primarily from the lands of these people.

Today، to operationalize rural economic empowerment، it is essential and indispensible to give due attention to the participation approach. Providing necessary teachings and learning background، participation plays an important role in transmitting information and recognizing decision making abilities in farmers، and can make way for optimal utilization of resources and facilities. As villagers’ failure to recognize and optimally appreciate the resources and facilities is among the main causes of economic underdevelopment in rural areas; it is critical to focus attention onto this approach، so that the rural economy may get out of current situation. Therefore، using a comprehensive approach in a descriptive-analytical method، this study tries to investigate the role of participation in the villager''s empowerment process in agricultural sector of 14 rural settlements in Upper Ij-rud Dehestan، in Ij-rud County. Data were collected through the questionnaires completed by a sample size of 330 people. SPSS relevant tests were employed for data analysis. Studies showed that participation level with an average of 1. 87 is lower than expected. The results suggest that awareness of production factors، one’s command of market economy and decision-making skills، respectively، with significance levels of 0. 025، 0. 001 and 0. 030 are directly correlated with economic empowerment. In addition، the level of villagers'' economic empowerment in the agricultural sector (1. 76) shows that necessary conditions have not yet been provided. Thus، it is essential to improve the villagers’ understanding of optimal utilization of production factors، familiarity with market mechanisms and decision making skills.