مجله جغرافیا و روابط انسانی
سال پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 20، بهار 1402)

The aim of this study was to analyze the pattern of distribution the industrial towns and organizing it in Qazvin province issue. Behcet analytical research method to identify patterns In the distribution of industrial settlements Qazvin province and settlement of industrial reorganization measures with respect to the background studies were extracted. The criteria for the valuation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used, and finally using fuzzy logic techniques suitable spaces for the establishment of new industrial towns was proposed. In fact, on the phase transition layers, map organization has provided industrial town’s.The results show that fuzzy logic using management with GIS spatial analysis as an efficient tool in the zoning could be used to organize industrial towns. Placement of industrial settlements near the road and away from the fault as well as the ability to proven analytical framework.

Housing is one of the most basic human needs and a key component in the sustainable development of society. In different countries of the world, including developing countries, various policies have been considered to provide housing, especially for the low-income groups. Based on the researches done so far, different programs called "solutions" have been put on the agenda to solve the problems of urban housing. But according to experts, these plans have been the only shelter for the swollen wounds of these people; Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify the key drivers for housing planning of low-income groups in the isolated urban area of Naysar (in Sanandaj). This research is applied in terms of purpose and according to the studied components, the approach is descriptive-analytical method and environmental and Delphi scanning technique has been used to identify variables and indicators. Then a semi-structured questionnaire was distributed among 40 experts in the field of urban issues. The obtained data were analyzed using MICMAC software. The results showed that the urban system, especially in the housing sector in the isolated urban area of Naysar (in the city of Sanandaj) is going through unstable conditions. Also, based on the analysis, 15 factors were identified as key drivers for providing and improving the housing situation needed for the low-income and poor in the study area, among which the role of economic and socio-cultural factors are more prominent.

Tourism is not only one of the most dynamic sectors of the economy but also plays a critical role in strengthening gross domestic product, employment and income distribution. Tourism helps establish world peace and contributes to mutual understanding among nations. Governments have striven to achieve this human ideal and directed many efforts at materializing world peace and security while making policies to develop tourism as the most dynamic economic, political, ad cultural activity of the present age, which leverages its soft and fluid power to help establish peace and security and link nations together. This research investigates the political effects of tourism. The methodology is descriptive-analytical. Data are gathered by documentary and library methods. Research findings suggest that tourism strengthens peace and security, increases national pride, national coherence and public diplomacy, establishes political stability among nations and provides a positive image of the host nation.

The incidence of crime and social harm has also increased with the influence of urban cultures and abuses in rural areas of the country. The best way to deal with these social harms is to use Islamic teachings to deal with these social problems, and religion and its prevention strategies can also be used to prevent crime and social harms. The dissemination and propagation of Islamic teachings is important because Islam is the religion of guidance, and Islamic teachings can, as a beacon for the people of society, determine the right path from the wrong paths and deviant paths, and lead people from the paths leading to sin and Destroy to the right path. This research is applied in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method that has been used to collect information from library resources and fieldwork is a questionnaire. The sample size of this study was determined using Cochran's formula of 320 people. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and Friedman test. The results show that Islamic religion and teachings reduce social harm and are effective in reducing crime in rural areas. Using Islamic teachings and its proposed solutions, he took steps to reduce social harm, which brings security and peace to the people of society.

. Considering the increasing development of this part of the tourism industry, the discussion of marketing and competitiveness is considered among the new and serious issues in this field. The purpose of the current research is to evaluate and analyze the geotourism competitiveness of Nir city. Identifying the strengths and weaknesses can help to improve the competitiveness of geotourism in Nir city. Pavlova model was used in this research. This model is based on the formation of positive and negative factors and related calculations. The results indicate that among the positive factors, three factors, the possibility of spa treatment with a weight percentage of 19.95, hydrogeological sites with a weight percentage of 18.06, and protected areas with a weight percentage of 11.11 are the most important positive factors in the competitiveness of Nir city. Coming. Among the negative factors, the lack of suitable infrastructure with a weighted percentage of 21.43, budget deficit for the development of the region with a weighted percentage of 19.64, and the non-conceptual development of geotourism with a weighted percentage of 17.86 are considered to be among the most effective negative factors on the competitiveness of tourism in Nir city. The results of the ranking ratio show that the positive factors gained 56.25 percent weight and the negative factors got 43.75 percent weight. Based on this, the rating ratio of tourism competitiveness of Nir city is equal to 1.67, which is in the good classification group. Therefore, it is concluded that the presence of serious weaknesses in some fields of tourism in Nir city, such as insufficient or unfavorable spatial of infrastructure and facilities, has caused Nir city not to be placed in the top tiers in terms of the of geotourism. Therefore, it is suggested to study the factors affecting tourism economy in future studies.

A large part of our country has an arid and semi-arid climate due to being located in the desert belt of the world, and because of this it receives little rainfall (one third of the world average rainfall), which also has severe rainfall in different years. Drought is a phenomenon that occurs at least once a year as a result of reduced rainfall in different parts of the world, and if agriculture cannot resist this phenomenon, famine will occur. Numerous indicators are used to monitor drought as indicators of drought around the world. In this study, SPI index has been used to study drought and wetlands in Chahbahar city. To conduct this research and with the aim of analyzing precipitation and determining dry and wet years, monthly precipitation data of Chahbahar Synoptic Meteorological Station in a period of 34 years (2018-1985) have been used. The results of this study show that in 6 months of the year, from December to the end of May, most years of drought have occurred and the drought situation is mild, mild. Also, in 6 months of the year, from June to the end of November, the situation of Chahbahar city is in normal conditions and no drought has occurred in this part of the year. The results also show that the number of wetlands in Chahbahar is less than droughts, but unlike droughts, they occur in all months of the year except May, and January with 10 wet years, 13 drought years and 11 The year of normal conditions is the most volatile month of the year. Also, 1997, 2007 and 2008 were the wettest years during the period under review.

In order to carry out this research, the daily and three-hourly data of precipitation parameters and wind speed and direction were used for a period of 13 years (2009-2021) for 11 Ardabil synoptic stations. Percentile 95% free days were obtained for each station. For statistical analysis and consensus, the condition of choosing a representative day for each station was the simultaneous occurrence of rain and wind as a criterion, and for the sake of brevity, an event was analyzed at Meshkinshahr station. Using TRMM satellite NETCDF data, precipitation density was displayed in GIS software, and wind direction was shown using Golbad software, and synoptic maps were drawn using NCEP data. The statistical results for Meshkinshahr station showed the maximum wind frequency with 56% in the winter season. And the month of March occurred, which often entered the city from the south, but most of the rain was in spring with (41%) and May was the rainiest month. The results of synoptic analysis showed that the prevailing system over the studied area was low pressure over the Aral Lake and the rotating conditions of the air ascent followed. In the east of the Mediterranean Sea and the north of the Black Sea, high-pressure systems have formed, and with their outward movement, they have led the western currents towards the region. Also, the studied area is located in front of the descent axis in the west of Iran, and the positive rotation of the air has led to the strengthening of the divergence in the vorticosphere. The speed of the horizontal movement of the air has reached the speed of the wind and by containing the moisture of the Mediterranean Sea, it has injected 1.2 grams per kilogram of moisture into the atmosphere of the region.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of customers 'destructive behaviors on employees' reactions such as leaving the service, job satisfaction of frontline employees with regard to the moderating role of behavioral approach of managers and colleagues in tourism agencies in Tehran. The leading study used a survey-correlation method to collect data. Statistical population of all travel agencies in Tehran that are somehow involved with tourists and customers. For this purpose, 400 questionnaires were distributed and 384 questionnaires were collected. In this research, the standard questionnaire has been used in absentia and the data have been analyzed through SPSS and lisrel software. Destructive behaviors of customers have an effect on job feelings (emotional disharmony and emotional burnout) of employees and also job feelings of employees have a direct effect on intention to leave the job and job satisfaction. Based on the results, it can be said that the destructive behaviors of customers increase job leaving and decrease employee job satisfaction. Managers' behavioral approach, the use of emotional intelligence and customer orientation seek to neutralize these negative emotions in employees and customers. It is also necessary to increase cooperation in the behavioral approach of colleagues and reduce unhealthy competition. Destructive behaviors of customers can affect the negative emotions of employees and by considering the moderating effect of emotional intelligence, customer orientation, cooperation, competition cause behavioral reactions such as leaving the job and job satisfaction.

Villages are the basis of the country's social life and play an important role in food security and population distribution and agricultural production. The importance of border villages due to foreign trade is twofold. Therefore, the present article assesses the status of socio-economic security indicators in the border villages (case study: Taybad city). The purpose of this research is to identify security components and assess the status of these components in the border villages of the city. The method of descriptive and analytical research and data collection is both documentary and field. The statistical population of the study is the border villages of Taybad city, which are located 15 km away from the Afghan border, which include the villages of Mohammad Abad, Mohsen Abad, Qomi, Farzaneh, Dogharun and Haji Abad. The sample was selected in a theoretical saturation and 100 questionnaires were filled out by the local community. The results of this study show that the economic index with a coefficient of 2.12 and the social index with a coefficient of 2.96. Among these, the employment component with an average of 2.65 in the economic index and the spatial affiliation component with an average of 3.56 in the social index was higher than other components. have.

The green space forms part of the public uses of any city Which has different dimensions including environmental function, traffic function, tourism function and aesthetic function. Due to the importance of this land use in urban life, the main purpose of the present study is to evaluate and evaluate the qualitative and quantitative status of parks and gardens in Tehran metropolitan area 1 as one of the dynamic and dynamic areas of Tehran city and the tourism hub of Tehran. The research method of this article is based on descriptive - analytical and survey method and Thiessen and nearest neighbor analysis tools and attraction level model were used The results of data analysis showed that there are deficiencies in area 1 of Tehran metropolitan area in general and in the level of ten areas in terms of per capita green space and park based on derived standards. In fact, the per capita green area calculated in the area of Tehran metropolitan area is 3.65 m 2, while the proposed per capita area is 12 m 2. The results of spatial analysis models of Tysen and nearest neighbor analysis showed that the distribution and distribution of parks and gardens were not randomly distributed. And in terms of the functional radius of neighborhood and district parks, But regional and urban parks and gardens are not favored. In the survey, 381 statistical samples were analyzed in three parks to assess the quality of parks and gardens. That none of the parks had a good level of attractiveness in terms of criteria. And only Niavaran Park is better than the two parks under consideration.

In today's world, the tourism industry is one of the most important sectors that can have an impact on the economy of any country in terms of job creation and income generation. The tourism industry was used as a tool to identify the cultural identity of the countries and it is also considered as one of the important economic sectors. So that many development planners and policy makers have introduced activities related to the tourism industry as a reliable method with a clear perspective for the sustainable development of growing urban and rural communities. The tourism industry has become increasingly important as the largest service industry in the world. In such a way that the tourism industry competes with industries such as oil and automobile manufacturing and is one of the most important factors in the development of countries, so that it creates job opportunities, social and cultural interactions and even environmental protection programs. The main goal of this research is to identify the effective factors on the development of Mazandaran tourist areas with a participatory approach using a descriptive-analytical method. In order to achieve this goal, the study area was investigated with SWOT analysis and the tourism strengths of this province were identified, and each influential factor was given a score and rank according to the opinion of experts. The results of the research show that in the matrix of internal and external evaluation (IE) conservative strategies are proposed as feasible strategies. And the development of urban tourism follows a series of the most important and main motivations that knowing the goals of urban tourism development can be of great help in getting to know the concept of tourism development and earning money.

Iran is afflicted by frequent natural disasters including floods, earthquakes, droughts, and sandstorms. Unfortunately, geomorphology and its special place in forecasting, evaluating, and Iran is afflicted by frequent natural disasters including floods, earthquakes, droughts, and sandstorms. Unfortunately, geomorphology and its special place in forecasting, evaluating, and vulnerability in areas prone to natural hazards are still not given much importance, and despite warnings, numerous predictions and assessments people and officials are still surprised when faced with hazardous events. This paper addresses the significance of geomorphologists into the strategies of risk assessment and management. digital elevation maps, time series of 30-year data (1361-1331) of maximum daily discharge of Hojatabad station in Kermanshah as a case study in flood return period, earthquake statistics of Tehran province and its surrounding area in terms of vulnerability caused by an Earthquake in Alborz Province. Regional frequency analysis method and fuzzy model were used to analyze natural hazards and natural disasters. The results about the return period of the flood indicate the consequences of a flood are measured using return periods, giving an idea of the characteristics the flood may have (magnitude) and (frequency). The results of zoning map of vulnerability caused by an earthquake showed that about 28% of the study area in the zonation of high and very high vulnerably. A framework should be provided to analyze human vulnerability in the case of floodind and earthquake which is possible only by employing geomorphologists in the organization of geomorphologists in the form of consulting groups in the field of natural disaster prevention and the creation of natural disasters monitoring center in Iran.

The alarming and increasing trend of factors threatening the health of citizens; City and health planners propose a relatively new term called health planning, in which they seek to connect the urban environment and landscape with the physical and mental health of city dwellers and make their decisions regarding some basic issues such as health. strengthen urban ecology, social welfare and improve the quality of human life. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the state of the environment and the urban landscape and its relationship with the mental health of the citizens of Paveh. The research is of applied type and in terms of descriptive analytical method. The statistical population is the citizens of Paveh city 380 people were selected as a statistical sample using Cochran's formula. In order to collect information a questionnaire containing questions about the About the environment and urban landscape and mental health of citizens has been used. To analyze the questionnaire, t-test, Friedman, Pearson correlation coefficient were used. The results show that in the indicators of environment, security, communication and transportation network, housing, commercial and cultural, design and furniture, people's participation and education; The average is average and slightly higher than the average value of 3 But in the economic index, the average is lower than the average and the situation is not good. The results of the Friedman test showed that the indicators have different importance and the environmental index was the most important. Also, the results of Pearson's correlation coefficient between the examined components related to the environment and urban landscape and mental health of citizens showed that there is a significant relationship between them. Examining the degree of correlation also shows that this relationship is direct.

In the urban spatial, people need facilities and ways to achieve their well-being. Urban decision-making and decision-making structures to achieve effective planning for citizens, taking into account the changes that appear in the new life pattern of people, implement projects for the well-being of citizens and to meet their needs. In order to be able to implement a useful and efficient project, urban decision-makers should first of all conduct a needs assessment to evaluate the acceptability of these projects from the point of view of the target population.In order to be able to implement a useful and efficient project, urban decision-makers should first of all conduct a needs assessment to evaluate the acceptability of these projects from the point of view of the target population. The research in order to evaluate the needs of Kosar daily markets seeks to achieve the level of realization of the goals of this project according to the needs of the target population. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and The data related to the needs assessment of the target population was analyzed based on the questionnaire and using the SPSS software with the one-sample t-test. According to the findings of the research, although the creation of these chain markets has met the needs of the customers in some economic, social and traffic dimensions, but the most important point that can be pointed out in general is that some goals of creating this market are in conflict with its implementation process. The design of the markets that conflict with the authentic Iranian architectural style and also the damage to the shops and guilds around the market are among the cases that Syria expresses the goals of establishing the Kosar Daily markets with its current state

Organizing urban furniture as one of the most important elements of the urban environment, has a significant contribution to the desirability and pleasantness of the space from the citizens' point of view, and the lack of planning or incomplete planning in the field of urban furniture contributes to the inefficiency of these elements. Accordingly, considering the importance and role of urban furniture in the urban landscape and also the impact it has on the lives of city residents, the present study evaluates the design and location of urban furniture elements and variables in the city and the situation of Gorgan in terms of furniture. Urban has been examined. The present research is an applied research based on the purpose of the study and is analytical-descriptive in terms of research method. Two field methods and documentary studies have been used to collect information on the current situation. To analyze the data of the questionnaire, Spss, Excel software and Kruskal-Wallis statistical test and also for spatial analysis of urban furniture elements in Gorgan and preparing a map, Arc GIS software was used. The results obtained from the research show that in designing and manufacturing city furniture, standard principles and attention to local culture have not been observed. Also, in examining the location of urban furniture elements, no special attention has been paid to the selection and location of urban furniture components and the necessary standards have not been observed and it is not functionally in a favorable condition.

Today, municipalities are trying to provide the best services to citizens and satisfy them with their performance. Therefore, they are trying to increase citizens' satisfaction by involving citizens in various projects and programs.This study aims to investigate citizens' satisfaction with municipal public services with an emphasis on a participatory approach in the city of Nikshahr.The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of implementation method.The statistical population in this study is all people over 18 years old living in Nikshahr. According to the general population and housing census of 2016, this city was about 17,732 people .The sample of this research has been obtained according to the population statistics of the 2016 census in a simple random method using the Cochran's formula.The sample size in the present study was determined using Cochran's formula 376 questionnaires. Research data collection tool has made a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity has been confirmed by experts, professors and specialists and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha is 0.87 Has been achieved.In order to analyze the research findings, Pearson correlation coefficient and one-sample t-test were used.The results of one-sample t-test showed that the average value obtained from municipal performance indicators in the economic variable equal to 2.71, social variable equal to 2.73, welfare variable equal to 2.62, development variable equal to 2.77, the cultural variable is equal to 2.69 and the leisure variable is equal to 2.68, which indicates the unfavorable situation of these variables and the citizens are dissatisfied with the performance of the municipality.The results of the survey of public services provided to citizens by the municipality in the city of Nikshahr with an average of 2.920 in an unfavorable situation and the results of a survey of the participation of citizens in municipal affairs in the provision of

Land use classification has always been one of the most important applications of remote sensing, and for this reason, different methods have been developed. With the passage of time, more advanced methods with higher accuracy were created, which increased the accuracy and performed better in extracting classes that were spectrally closer to each other. Algorithms for detecting changes in remote sensing images are divided into two categories: pixel-based and object-oriented, based on the minimum processing unit. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and prepare a land use map of the Nirchai watershed in Ardabil province using the object-oriented method. Land use classification including segmentation of image data was done using multi-scale segmentation algorithm in eCognition software environment. Then these parts were selected and classified and evaluated using the object-oriented nearest neighbor algorithm. The results showed that the object-oriented classification has an overall accuracy of 99 and a kappa coefficient of 0.88%, which indicates the high accuracy of the object-oriented method in classification. Also, the land use map showed that the use of water areas and poor pastures occupied the least (70 hectares) and the most (8069 hectares), respectively.

Parallel and appropriate spatial distribution of educational facilities and services is very important in urban planning. Because only if there is a balance in the distribution of services and uses, it will be possible for different strata to benefit from them. The purpose of this research is to analyze the spatial distribution of schools in the neighborhoods of Region 2 of Ardabil Municipality. The research method is descriptive-analytical based on data and information extracted from Iran Statistics Center and Ardabil Municipality. In the analysis of the spatial distribution pattern of the techniques, central mean and standard deviation curve, nearest neighbor index, hot spots analysis, global Moran index and kernel density analysis to analyze how the spatial distribution pattern of educational use (schools), Thiessen polygons for the usefulness of the functional radius These services were used in the geographic information system. The findings of the research show that the distribution pattern of schools in the 2nd district of Ardabil city is distributed in clusters. The evaluation of the impact of the spatial distribution pattern of these services on the amount of functional radius indicates the undesiredness of the peripheral neighborhoods in the 2nd district of Ardabil city from the educational use (schools). which shows the inappropriate distribution of schools and their accumulation in the center of the region and the lack of attention to the needs of citizens in terms of the distribution of schools. In total, the results of the research indicate social inequalities and the lack of spatial justice in the distribution of educational services (schools at different levels) at the level of neighborhoods in the 2nd district of Ardabil city

To check the consensus, the average temperature data was obtained from the Meteorological Department of Ardabil Province and the days with temperature below -10°C during the statistical period (1355-1400) were selected as cold days, then the trend of the time series of the frequency of freezing days with the least square error method in the model Linear regression was determined and its results showed a decreasing trend from 2010 onwards. Finally, for the simultaneous analysis of atmospheric factors, 25 January 2016 was selected as a representative through the ward hierarchical clustering method. Next, the data of the upper levels of the atmosphere were received from the website (NCEP/NCAR) and synoptic maps were drawn in Gardes. The results of the analysis of these maps showed that the Siberian thermal high pressure system played an effective role in transferring cold air from northern latitudes to the studied area. In addition to this phenomenon, the location of the study area in front of the European Ridge has resulted in negative air circulation conditions, which resulted in the strengthening of downward currents and a decrease in air temperature. Hyfran-plus statistical model was used to estimate the return periods of cold waves, and the result showed that the stationarity test (Wald-Wolfowitz) and the normal statistical distribution were more accurate in determining the return periods of cold waves. And the results of the Chi-Squared test also showed that it is possible to ensure the extraction of the results at a significant level of 5%. Finally, in order to predict changes in the temperature parameter, using the CanESM2 general circulation model, under three scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, the future perspective of the period (2020-2050) was examined. Its results showed that the model had the necessary ability to simulate the average temperature.

The foundations and cultural features of human societies change over time and space, and become specific to themselves in such a way that this set of beliefs and values affect the way of life of their inhabitants. Gachgaran is a biogeography that is located in the central part of Mamsani, and in the course of history, affected by various factors, it has enjoyed multiple dimensions and cultural strains. Is the creation of ancient culture and micro-culture in the habitat of plasterers and the transformation of these values and attitudes stemming from various and diverse factors and institutions that have caused the question in this research? The nature of the research required the researchers to choose the descriptive/analytical research method for how to do the work. Finally, the results of research and study in the style of library/documents (statistics and figures) and field (interview and observation) showed; Changing the attitude of the new generation, increasing the level of knowledge/awareness of the residents, civil/physical renovation, virtual space and social networks, are among the agents that cultural transformation in customs, mourning of the month of Muharram, religious beliefs, marriage and divorce, clothing, food , local games, nature-loving, tourism, educational/health/sports centers have caused the rural settlement of Gachgaran to the extent that it has resulted in the change of the form of this village towards cultural modernization.

Studying and investigating the existing situation of informal settlements is considered as one of the most important tools in order to ease their problems and an approach to solve the future problems of the residents of these settlements. The purpose of this descriptive-analytical research is to analyze the situation of informal settlements in the north of Tabriz metropolis with a case study of Ahmadabad neighborhood. The data of the research has been collected using documentary studies, field investigation, information taken from the Iranian Statistical Center and the statistical blocks of Tabriz metropolis in 2015. The investigated cases in this research are 14 cases, including the number of floors, the average area of buildings, the condition of slopes and elevation points, gender ratio, employment and unemployment rates, building quality, literacy status, household size, important urban uses, network status. roads, the type of building frame, the type of materials, the average age of the buildings and finally the age structure of the residents of Ahmadabad neighborhood of Tabriz. The results of the research indicate that more than three-quarters of the dominant texture of Ahmadabad neighborhood of Tabriz is fine-grained, and in terms of the age of the buildings, more than 40% of the buildings are more than 30 years old. More than 64% of the uses belong to residential use. The share of active population in Ahmadabad neighborhood is more than (74.02%) other age groups. The roads in this neighborhood have low width, poor quality flooring and many traffic junctions. More than 90% of residential building materials are made of non-durable or non-durable materials such as brick and wood. In general, it can be said that the status of informal settlements in Ahmadabad neighborhood of Tabriz is at a low level.

Cities as a suitable place and urbanization as a desirable way of life are considered to be one of the most important centers of development. Meanwhile, cultural traditions as an important category in sustainable urban development with the penetration and influence of capitalist culture in the third world, including Iran, have caused heterogeneous urban concentration and accelerated urban growth. In order to solve the upcoming challenges, several viewpoints have been formulated in order to achieve sustainability; One of the newest and most successful approaches is the Peaceful City movement, which was created as a cultural movement to increase the quality of life and reduce speed in cities. Based on this, the current research has been compiled with the aim of investigating the role of cultural traditions on the sustainable development of Ardabil city with the approach of Aram city, for future planning. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The data required for this study have been collected through field and documentary methods. The statistical population of the research corresponds to the 5 regions of Ardabil city. To rank the 5 regions of Ardabil city in terms of Shahr Aram indicators, Vicor's multi-criteria decision making model was used in the Excel environment. Shannon's entropy model has also been used to weight the indicators. The findings of the research indicate that the average of the indicators was below the average, so that except for the infrastructure index, the average of all the indicators was less than 3. The results obtained from the implementation of the Vicor model also show that the highest rank belongs to region two and the lowest rank belongs to region one. 

Due to decades of rural planning in the country, people in rural areas still face shortages and problems. In our country, at different times, they tried to improve the situation of the villages by using different development strategies, but for various reasons, including not paying attention to the role and importance of the human factor, they achieved less success. After the '70s, planners realized the importance of people attending programs. Since then, various issues have been raised for people's participation in development projects, one of which is the participation of young people in rural development projects. Youth participation means the process of involving them in determining their own destiny and feeling responsible for their future and that of society, as it is called as a goal and a means of development. In this regard the present study using quantitative (descriptive-analytical) method and distribution (92) of questionnaires among rural youth in Hugh and Shalmzar villages located in Hugh rural district of Savojbolagh city of Alborz province to investigate the impact of youth participation in different stages of the hadi 's project process Including; Participation in decision-making, participation in design (study), participation in implementation, participation in operation, participation in evaluation, participation in maintenance of the project after implementation, the results of which are obtained through statistical analysis and using t-test The obtained single group shows the desire of rural youth to participate in participatory activities and play a role in each stage of participation in the hadi 's project and witness the high impact of the success of the hadi 's project if young people participate in different stages of the project

The quality of urban environments and mental health interact with each other, and the quality of urban environments affects people's mental health. Considering that one of the important dimensions of the quality of urban environments is the physical-physical dimension.. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to measure the physical-physical quality of the urban environment with an emphasis on the mental health of citizens, which was carried out on a case-by-case basis in Region 3 of Ardabil city. Is. The upcoming research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. In order to measure the physical-physical quality of the studied neighborhoods, 5 indicators (accessibility, beauty and visual order, functional attractiveness, physical form and facilities of the residential unit) were used. The validity of the research was obtained by using face validity, and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha of 0.830. Then, based on simple stratified random sampling, 480 people were questioned in order to analyze the data and prioritize the localities in terms of quality. Physical-Physical COPRAS multi-criteria decision making model was used in Excel environment. According to the findings of the research and the results of the COPRAS model, among the localities of the 3rd region of Ardabil city, Hafez has the best status and the first place with the highest score, followed by Rezvan, Azadi, Azadegan in the second to fourth position. are favorable and Malabashi and Melayoussef neighborhoods are in the most unfavorable situation and the last place with the lowest percentage. Due to the importance of the quality of urban environments in the mental health of citizens, more and more detailed planning is felt in order to improve the physical-physical condition of the neighborhoods and then improve the level of mental health of citizens.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the transparency of government and cooperative duties on the success of production cooperatives in the five watersheds of Khuzestan province. This research is a descriptive-correlation type that was conducted using a survey method. The statistical population of the research included members of active production cooperatives within the scope of irrigation and drainage networks which using Morgan's table and after determining the sample size (361) of the operators who are members of the production cooperatives, they were randomly selected. The tool used for data collection was a questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and a guide test was also conducted to check its reliability. The findings of this research show that the examination of the correlation relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables of the research showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the independent variables of the transparency of the duties of the government and cooperatives with the dependent variable of cooperative production success. Also, the responsibilities of production cooperatives from the point of view of the users in four categories of operation and protection of the irrigation and drainage network, the responsibility of the production cooperative and the responsibility of the agricultural jihad need to be clarified, and the protection and operation of the irrigation network is the most important responsibility from the point of view of the users. Therefore, it is suggested that the responsibility of protecting and exploiting the irrigation network be given to the production cooperatives first, and then, by building the capacity and empowering the users, other responsibilities should be given.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of green human resource management in realizing sustainable urban development in Kermanshah. This study is practical in terms of objective and descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of this study includes all citizens of Kermanshah (N=946651). The sample size (N=384) was selected using stratified random sampling method. Research tools consisted of two questionnaires: Green human resource management and sustainable urban development (social, economic, environmental). Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using formal and structural validity and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire by 0/81. Data were analyzed using regression test in SPSS software. . Overall, green human resource management had effect on urban sustainable development in Kermanshah. At a significant level of 0.001 green human resource management has significant positive impact on economic development, at a significant level of 0.000 green human resource management, and at a significant level of 0.003 green human resource management had a significant positive impact on environmental development.

Landslide is the mass movement of materials on the slope, which is associated with many human and financial losses every year. Under the influence of hydrogeomorphological and hydroclimatic conditions, different regions have different potentials in terms of landslide occurrence. One of the areas exposed to this danger is the catchment area of the Ilam Dam, for this reason, in this research, the areas prone to landslides have been identified in it. In this research, a digital model with a height of 30 meters, a geological map of 1:100,000 and different layers of information have been used as research data. The most important research tools are ArcGIS and Super Decision. In this research, using 8 parameters (height, slope, slope direction, lithology, distance from the fault, distance from the river, and distance from the road and land use) and the integrated model of network analysis (ANP) and fuzzy logic, the regions Landslides have been identified in the catchment area of Ilam Dam. Based on the results, the central and western parts of the region have a high potential for landslide occurrence. In fact, these areas are prone to landslides due to their proximity to fault lines, rivers and main roads, the type of land use, and the high slope. Also, the eastern parts of the region have little potential for landslides due to the type of land use, being far from fault lines, and being far from roads and rivers.

Security and life with the physical and social expansion of cities and their transformation into heterogeneous demographic, social and cultural centers, increasing the amount of urban anomalies, especially in the central areas, as well as increasing population and social heterogeneity and economic poverty in the context of the occurrence of injuries Urbanization and unbridled growth has created anomalies in cities. In this research, the purpose of this study is to analyze and investigate life security and crime in inefficient urban contexts in Parsabad city. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied type and in terms of its nature, and to collect data from library-field methods and to analyze information and spss data with sample t-test and inferential statistical methods. Used. The research findings using the test indicate that. that the sample T-Tech test is equal to -100.19 with a degree of freedom of 399 and a significance level and a comparison of the significance level is low at 0.05. Therefore, it can be said that crime has had a great impact on the whole dimensions of life security in the city of Pars-Abad and Baath The lowering of the quality of life has become a crime center. Finally, solutions were presented to reduce the security of the quality of life in this section.

Subsidence is a danger that threatens many plains of Iran. Qahavand plain in Hamadan province is one of the plains that is exposed to this danger due to the unfavorable hydro-climatic conditions and the type of human activities. Considering the importance of the subject, in this research, the subsidence condition of the Ghahavand plain and the factors influencing its occurrence have been investigated. According to the subject and objectives, in this research, 31 radar images of Sentinel 1 satellite, Landsat 8 satellite image and 30 meters high digital model were used as research data. The most important research tools are GMT, ENVI and ArcGIS software. This research has been done in three stages, in the first stage, the land cover map was prepared and examined. In the second stage, using the SBAS time series method, the subsidence situation of the region was evaluated and in the third stage, the effective factors in the subsidence of the region were analyzed. According to the results of this research, the Ghahavand Plain has subsided between 15 and 78 mm during a 2-year period (from 2017/01/05 to 2019/01/19). Also, the results of this research have shown that the main cause of subsidence in the region was the sharp drop in underground water resources due to the development of irrigated agricultural lands. In fact, the highest amount of subsidence in the region has corresponded to irrigated agricultural lands

Avalanche is one of the dangerous phenomena in snowy areas. Haraz mountain road is one of the most dense communication axes in the north of the country, and due to special geomorphological conditions, parts of its route are at risk of avalanches. So that since the beginning of the construction of this road, it has led to many financial and human losses. Therefore, it is known as the most news-making road in Iran. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the factors influencing the formation of avalanches and to identify the places where they occur, as well as to prepare an avalanche risk zoning map in the region with the help of geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS). In order to achieve the goal of the research, GIS software was used to draw maps of elevation classes (hypsometry), the amount and direction of the slope of the domain, geomorphology and other related maps. Then, by examining the relevant information sources, scoring tables of the effective factors of avalanches were formed. These tables include 5 main criteria (amount of slope, direction of slope, height, temperature and precipitation). Each of them is divided into indicators and the corresponding points are listed according to the type of factor and the degree of influence in the occurrence of avalanches. By combining the said information in the form of Bolean model, weighted according to the degree of their influence, and combining these layers together, the avalanche risk zoning map of the studied area was prepared, and finally, the results obtained from the maps were compared with the control results. The field was compared.

Tectonic geomorphology studies levy -based landfalls and interaction between tectonics and geomorphic processes. Neutactonic studies the shapes on the ground caused by earthquake mechanisms. In order to investigate active neotectonic, neutactonic indicators of the catchment and seismic power are used. In this study, neutactonic activities of the Nir Watershed Basin have been analyzed using geomorphic indicators. Initially, using the GIS10.3 software and the Archydro plugin were extracted under the study of the study area. To accurately calculate any 26 subsidiaries, 1: 25000 topographic maps, 1: 100000 geological maps, 12 meters high height model. Finally, for each of the indicators, the basin zoning map was prepared in five categories. Finally, given the calculated values of each of the indices, the active relative landfill index was extracted for the basin. Due to the index of the relatively active landing index of the study area, it was divided into five high, high, medium, low and very low neutactonic. Based on the results, the highest technical activity is related to subsurfaces 9, 11, 17, 18, 22. Based on the evaluation of seismic power, this concluded that the farmer's relationship with the zareh of 5.98 Richter, Norouzi and Ashjaei with a value of 6.5 and Norouzi was 2.63. The results of this study show that moderate neottonic activity in most of the subsidiaries shows that fault activity is not intensified in these areas and therefore do not pose many risks in residential areas. Will be risky if activated.

Today,tourism activities are considered as the fourth part of human activities after agriculture,industry and services, so that it is called"invisible exports".Tourism is a valuable and balancing activity that causes economic and social development at the regional level and brings fair distribution of income as well as job creation.In this regard,the current research is considered as a series of applied researches,the results of which can greatly help managerial decisions and.Therefore,based on this goal,the tourism hub ofSardashtCity has been selected as one of the tourism hubs ofWestAzarbaijan province,which has exemplary tourism areas.The research method is descriptive-analytical.The statistical population included specialists and experts in the field of tourism planning and development,and40people were selected as a sample based on the purposeful sampling method.The research measurement tool included another questionnaire to identify strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats as a result of presenting strategies.The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the opinions of the reviewers,and theCronbach's alpha method was used to confirm the reliability of the research instruments.SWOTandQSPM methods were used for data analysis.that the results of the analysis using theSWOTanalytical model,the findings of the research indicate that the high potential ofSardashtCity's exemplary tourism areas and the location of these areas NextTo pristine attractions can act as a driving force for economic and sustainable development based on land use in the region and are in line with better planning for this sector in order to realize the proposed strategies should include various measures such as developing and equipping communication infrastructure(transportation,internet, telecommunication,etc.)increasing the public culture of thePeople to welcome tourists,providing services suitable(welfare, health services,and tourist complexes)government support for the residents of villages for the development of tourism and the creation of tourist-friendly houses,and in line with education and empowerment,actions such as laying the groundwork for the entry of science and technology parks and universities to be payed...

The psychology of political leaders is one of the branches of political psychology. Therefore, studying in this area and recognizing the personality of policy makers is important. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the character of political leaders and their geopolitical goals in the political future of the world. The present study is a "theoretical foundation" research. Also, in accordance with the qualitative strategy, descriptive-analytical research method has been used to conduct the research. the Indicate that Gandhi, the political leader of India, has a director who has a character and has a geopolitical impact on the rest of the world. These influences include Indian independence in Britain, the American black civil rights movement and the South African anti-colonial movement, which, until the contemporary period, remains the same for the world. While Hitler has a combination of two characters, he has been thrown into an agitated and reformist dilemma, and based on this, Hitler believes in the vital space of Ratzel, which, in the belief, has also led to geopolitical changes, such as the Second World War, the Holocaust, and the anti-communist treaty. Understanding the psychological characteristics of the personality of political leaders of countries has a great service in predicting (political foresight) their present and future behavior and will probably prevent unfortunate events at the national and global levels. Accordingly, the link between political psychology and its important branch of personality psychology can be of great help to geopolitical knowledge in predicting the future of the world on a very large scale.

Among the various environmental stresses and hazards, drought is recognized as the most important environmental factor, which is the main challenge in different parts of the world, especially in the Middle East, in addition to widespread effects on agricultural production and productivity, effects on the other social and economic dimensions of humans. Therefore, drought analysis, monitoring, and characterization are one of the main necessities of drought management and planning. In this study, the trend of agricultural drought in the Gonabad region was identified and evaluated by the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) and its improved version, the effective Reconnaissance Drought Index (eRDI) for 59 years (1982-1920). The results showed that there was no significant difference between the indices, although the eRDI index was more sensitive and accurate in seasonal periods. The longest drought period was obtained for 9 years through the eRDI FAO index and the longest wet period was calculated for 11 years by all indices. Also, the highest frequency of weather conditions was related to the normal situation (33.9 to 39%). On a seasonal scale, the longest droughts and wet periods were calculated in spring for 8 and 6 years, respectively. These conditions were 7 and 6 years for autumn and 9 and 7 years for winter, respectively. All indicators identified wet conditions for the summer. In general, although the eRDI index can be more efficient in determining and monitoring the agricultural drought due to the use of effective precipitation instead of cumulative rainfall, in this study no significant difference was observed between the two indicators. Therefore, seems that the RDI index can be used in drought monitoring and analysis in climatic regions similar to the study area.

Flood is one of the dangers that threaten many cities in Iran. One of the areas exposed to this risk is Sanandaj city. Due to its proximity to the Qeshlaq River and its hydrogeomorphological condition, Sanandaj has a high potential for flooding. Due to the importance of the issue, in this research, the development process of the residential areas of Sanandaj city towards flood-prone areas has been evaluated. In this research, a 30-meter height digital model, 1:100,000 geological map, Landsat satellite images, as well as various digital information layers have been used as research data. The most important tools used in this research were ENVI and ArcGIS software. This research has been carried out in two general stages, in the first stage, by using the integrated Fuzzy-AHP model, flood-prone areas were identified in the study area, and in the second stage, by using satellite images, the development process of the residential areas of Sanandaj city The direction of flood-prone areas has been evaluated. Based on the results, the eastern areas of the urban area of Sanandaj have a high potential in terms of flooding due to their proximity to the Qeshlaq River as well as the low elevation and slope. Also, the results of this research have shown that the size of the residential areas of Sanandaj city in 1990 was about 14.8 and in 2020 it was about 27.1 square kilometers. In 1990, about 2.6 square kilometers of the residential areas were exposed to flood risk but it has increased to 7.9 square kilometers per year. Based on this, it can be said that the flood situation of the region has not been given much attention in urban planning.

Inefficient and worn-out structures are structures that have been formed and developed over a long period of time, and today they are surrounded by technology, and they are structurally and functionally deficient and often do not meet the needs of their residents. Therefore, at the same time with the emergence of the above problems and their effects on different areas of life, paying attention to worn out and inefficient urban tissues and fixing their instability has become a serious and central issue in cities, as one of the most serious challenges of the system. The planning and management of cities has led the relevant organizations to organize and revive these elements and the aforementioned context and has raised the need to intervene in these contexts and realize regeneration policies in different periods of time. Based on this, the aim of the current research is the role of construction projects in the realization of the regeneration policies of inefficient urban tissues in the city of Islamshahr with a descriptive-analytical and applied method. In this regard, he investigated and collected information in the form of a survey and 5 indicators of urban regeneration (satisfaction indicators, good urban governance, promotion of local identity and dignity and protection of values, urban poverty, productivity, empowerment and promotion of urban resilience in the face of disasters and disasters) was analyzed with SPSS software. The results of the research show that the implementation method of participatory planning can be effective and useful in order to regenerate the inefficient urban contexts of this city through coherent and planned activities.

Due to the many problems caused by urban growth on the one hand; And the dominance of the paradigm of improving the quality of life, as well as the remarkable advances in information and communication technology and its remarkable capabilities, smart cities today are considered as an effective strategy to solve the problems and challenges of rapid urbanization.The city of Ahvaz has also experienced rapid urbanization in recent years; It faces many problems. But the problem is, this metropolis is not smart now, and it is just the beginning; So the question is what is the situation of the components of the realization of the smart city in the current situation of Ahvaz? Therefore, this study seeks to assess the status of key components of smart city realization and ranking of these components in the metropolis of Ahvaz. This article is considered among applied-developmental researches. It is question-oriented and has been done in a document-library and survey form;, which has been used in assessing the status of components, executive experts working in institutions and organizations in Ahvaz involved in the process of smartening the city. The data collection tool is a researcher-made electronic questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale; In order to analyze the data, statistical tests of mean, one-sample t-test and Friedman ranking were used using SPSS software. The statistical sample of this study is 380 samples that were selected by snowball sampling and supervised network. Based on the research findings, the situation of the key components of the realization of a smart city in the metropolis of Ahvaz, with the exception of smart people, was assessed as unfavorable. At the same time, the smart environment and then smart governance are in the lowest state

For the successful development of tourism, the existence of appropriate infrastructure is necessary, especially for less developed countries and regions that often have limited infrastructure, its existence and expansion is considered a vital factor. Due to its favorable climatic and environmental conditions, Kurdistan has been considered as one of the human settlements since prehistoric times and the results of scientific archaeological excavations in ancient places indicate this. In Kurdistan, about 1,234 ancient works have been identified, of which 500 works have been registered in the list of national works. In addition to historical attractions, Kurdistan has a unique ability in terms of shopping tourism, ecotourism and cultural and folkloric features. The purpose of the current research is to analyze the infrastructures of tourism development in Kurdistan province. In order to collect the required information, documentary and library methods (Iran Statistical Center and Statistical Yearbook of Kurdistan Province) have also been used, as well as ARAS technique for data analysis. The results show that only two cities, Bijar and Qorveh, are privileged, and the rest of the cities (Dehgolan, Sarvabad, Baneh, Diwandre, Kamiyaran, Sanandaj, Saqez and Marivan) are relatively privileged.

In developing countries, due to the extreme socio-economic differences, inequality and lack of balance in urban services, the spatial difference between cities has intensified and spatial separation has emerged in the city. Different levels of this phenomenon appear in rural-urban areas during the process of horizontal development and integration of villages in the city. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to analyze the separation and selection in rural-urban areas with emphasis on the development of Mian Afza in Ardabil city. The current research method is descriptive-exploratory. The statistical population of the research is the experts and specialists (familiar with the topics of urban segregation) of Ardabil city, due to the unknown number of them and the ambiguity of their familiarity with the topics of urban segregation (especially the indicators of segregation in the fields of Rostashahri), experts were identified using the snowball method. In this regard, the number of expert samples continued until obtaining better knowledge and theoretical saturation in the answers received (closeness and repetition of answers), and finally reached 10 people. In this regard, after the selection indicators in rural and urban areas were extracted through library studies, the aforementioned experts were interviewed and after summarizing the indicators, the content validity of the challenges was obtained. Finally, the specialized questionnaire of the effectiveness and effectiveness of the indicators was again evaluated by the same 10 relevant expert.

Today, the tourism industry is one of the pillars affecting the urban and regional economy and is a powerful tool that includes economic, social and environmental effects. Urban tourism, as one of the sub-sectors of tourism, has recently received the attention of planners and administrators. Based on this, the aim of the current research is to investigate the impact of urban tourism indicators on the urban and regional economy, which has been carried out on a case-by-case basis in Ardabil city. The current research is applied in terms of its nature and descriptive, analytical and survey method. The statistical population of the research includes 15 experts and specialists. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the research was obtained using face validity and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha 0.828. In order to analyze the data and prioritize the indicators in terms of effectiveness, the EDAS multi-criteria decision making model was used in the form of Excel software. The results of the application of the mentioned model showed that among the selected indicators, the physical-spatial index with the highest score (1) is in the first place and the human resource management structure index with the lowest score (0.728) in the first ranks, respectively. They are placed last.

Today, burying waste is the most common method in many countries due to its lower cost and the existence of a wider spectrum of waste. In the location of the waste burial site, . For this purpose, several multi-criteria decision making methods are used in prioritizing suitable places. In the research, 10 important factors were used to locate the waste disposal site, which are: land use, slope of the area, altitude of the area, geology of the area, distance from roads, distance from rivers, distance from springs, distance from wells, distance from villages. and distance from faults. ANP model was used to prepare the final zoning map. In the first stage, the criteria were prepared and converted into GIS format. Then it was converted to raster format and fuzzification was done. According to the results obtained, the weight of land use criteria, the slope of the area, the height of the area, the geology of the area, the distance from roads, the distance from rivers, the distance from springs, the distance from wells, the distance from villages and the distance from faults for the study area is 0.167. 0.087, 0.036, 0.028, 0.138, 0.064, 0.068, 0.047, 0.120, 0.243 were obtained. Therefore, the criterion of the distance from the faults has the highest weight and the geological criterion has the least influence in locating waste burial areas according to experts. The obtained map was classified in 5 different classes. By examining the overlapping criteria map, it was observed that suitable areas for landfilling are located near rivers and springs and residential and rural areas. By examining the final zoning map, it has been observed that the most suitable areas for landfilling are located in the westernmost part of the study area, with a focus on Agha Seyed Sharif road.

Nowadays,villagers' participation in the rural affairs or in the other word, for developing the village areas is very important.These participations are one of the most part of the rural development.The main aim of this research is to evaulte the participation rate of the rural inhabitants and its relationship with the level of development of the areas. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical.The Panjali village in the Garveh city has been selected as the statistical population of this study. with the Cochran's formulas,258 families as the samples size have been selected.The Cronbach's Alpha coefficients has been used for the justifiability of the questionnaires,The alpha coefficients for this research shows 0.79. Statistical analysis of this research have been performed with using SPSS software and one-sample T-Test and Pearson correlation coefficient test. In the next step, the Route Analysis model has been applied for the investigating the effect of the components on the participation level.The results show that social factor with 0.855 overall effect, is on the first rank, economic factor with 0.555 is on the second rank and environmental factor with 0.449 is in the last ranking of this research.The one sample run test has been used for measurement of the participation rate of the villagers.In regarding to this testing, environmental factor with 3.30 average and T Statistics 6.026 is in the first rank.The social factor with average of 3.15 and T Statistics 4.416 is in the second ranking while the economical factor with average of 2.90 and T Statistics -2.251 is in the third ranking.In the end, the Pearson correlation coefficient has been used to measure the relationship of participation and the level of development.In to according to that test, with the obtained coefficient of 0.998, it has been found that these two categories have a direct and significant relationship.

Cities are considered the most important social, economic, political and cultural activities. The study of the growth of urbanization shows that the growth of the urban population is increasing rapidly and the cities are facing a high rate of population growth and have not yet been able to control the problems caused by this growth. Today, the phenomenon of immigration is considered as one of the most important and complex problems of third world countries. It is obvious that our country is not far from these issues as the investigation of various studies shows; The issue of migration, especially migration from the village to the city and sustainable rural development, has been widely studied, but the immigration acceptability of villages and its relationship with sustainability issues, especially social sustainability, has been less of a focus of researchers. Regarding the city of Mahabad, it should be said that the development of this city in the past years was mostly due to the migration of villagers to the city and also the natural growth of the population. The issue of this article is the sustainable economic and social development of Mahabad city and its impact on the migration of subordinate villagers.