جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "sensor" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

Intelligent emergency response systems utilize modern technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) to enhance the performance of emergency response units. These systems are designed to improve service quality, reduce costs, and increase monitoring of the emergency response process. Key objectives include optimizing emergency response routes through communication with objects and collecting spatial data. Utilizing IoT-based routing models enables optimizing emergency response routes and enhancing the overall user experience. In essence, these systems leverage data collected by IoT to enhance the emergency response process. Intelligent emergency response systems play a crucial role in improving the efficiency of emergency response units and elevating service levels in emergencies. These systems are readily available and enhance productivity and efficiency in emergencies.

A spatial data infrastructure has been developed to integrate the system and enhance emergency response efforts, providing critical capabilities for improving emergency medical services. This infrastructure includes a portal that accurately displays the optimal route from the incident location to the medical center on a map, assisting the medical team in quickly and efficiently reaching the injured individual. Additionally, this portal enables the transfer of sensor information, such as vital signs of the injured person, to the physician's mobile phone in the ambulance via Bluetooth. This allows the information to be shared simultaneously for further assessment, enabling quick and accurate assistance in emergencies. This system increases efficiency and speed in responding to emergencies, providing rapid and optimal access to medical services. In summary, this spatial data infrastructure has significantly improved the performance of emergency medical response and facilitated the delivery of enhanced and optimized services in emergencies.

Medical centers prioritize healthcare and treatment. They employ an online hierarchical weighting model to ascertain these priorities and enhance the efficiency of resource allocation processes. This model helps optimize resource allocation based on real-time health information of the injured individuals. In a trial case, an injured person was successfully treated in District 5 of Tehran. The efficient use of IoT and spatial data infrastructure enabled this medical center to enhance and optimize its healthcare services. These findings underscore the significance of integrating spatial information, medical data, and IoT technology to advance healthcare services and elevate the quality of treatment.

Traditional emergency response systems operate primarily based on outdated mechanisms and lack modern technologies, including IoT and spatial data integration. Consequently, these systems may encounter challenges such as delays in dispatching emergency personnel to the incident location and a lack of accurate and rapid patient information. Incorporating modern technologies like artificial intelligence, IoT, and geographic information systems can address the challenges faced by traditional emergency response systems. These technologies enable faster and more efficient crisis responses and assist organizations, such as crisis management agencies, in making better resource allocation decisions during emergencies, thereby improving overall performance. By utilizing data collected through these technologies, emergency organizations can significantly enhance their response to emergencies, reducing time, financial, and human costs. Overall, this new approach to emergency response systems enables better adaptability in facing various crises and improves emergency response efficiency.

Over time, spatial data has evolved from paper maps to Web GIS through digital mapping and finally to the current generation of GIS. Although this new interface has enhanced user’s insights about spatial information, it still needs more tangible interface that can be usable to the public and enhance human interactions with the environment and spatial objects. Combining real and virtual worlds, Augmented Reality (AR) systems can make more tangible experience with real world objects. These activities relies on the dynamic working environments. Therefore it is important to consider the users environment and its changing through context-awareness. Context-awareness is any kind of information about user’s status and its estimation allows to integrate the context with the happening changes. AR is a combination of real vision with virtual content in real–time and acts as an interface to increase user insight of the real world and interaction with it. With increasing information in the AR, the usefulness and readability of information decreases and the details and their display should also be subject to certain conditions. To overcome this problem, we offer the combination of AR with context-awareness. Hence, in this study, The AR representation varies according to the user’s context. The increasing use of sensors, their hardware and software enhancements, and growth and development of communication networks have led to development of context-aware computing. Context-aware computing is rooted in processing anywhere and anytime, and aims at understanding environmental changes in computer systems so that computers can understand and respond to their environment. The small screen, low bandwidth, interaction problems, and user’s quick need to obtain response from service have driven services to provide information based on users and their environments. Nowadays, in most location planning applications, they try to use directional data besides location data. By using this information, better interaction and information are provided to user. The activities performed depend on user’s dynamic work environment, so by using context-aware knowledge, the environment and user environment changes receive more attention. The output of old programs was based on specific input and did not consider context change.
By increasing the amount of realistic information, simultaneous provision of all information will not only reduce the usefulness and readability of information, but also details and their presentation. In order to overcome the problem, we have used a context-aware augmented reality that displays the necessary information according to actual increase in user’s context. Specially in the domain of spatial services, given the massive amount of the available information and simultaneous provision of data in real-time due to small display of associated equipment make visual distraction for user, so by using context-awareness, useful and proper information can be provided to the user. Having the vulnerability maps, specifically about buildings in the region of interest is a necessary requirement for any rescue and relief teams after earthquake. Due to the lack of immediate access to earthquake vulnerability maps, it is necessary to provide an intelligible context information system for displaying vulnerabilities of building with the help of augmented reality. In general, any type of navigation issue, information about building vulnerabilities to select safe paths or temporary accommodation is required. In order to implement such information system, three contexts, i.e. distance, direction and time for presenting information in augmented reality was studied. To this purpose, after zoning vulnerability caused by earthquake in Tehran, Donyaye-Noor business complex was used as the case study and information system was considered with three contexts for given site. In order to evaluate the presented system, our context-aware augmented reality system was compared with an augmented reality system alone.
Results of evaluation show that combination of augmented reality and context-aware can reveal suitable information by considering the user context, while data presentation in augmented reality is monotonic and there is no dynamism in changing information display. The results of evaluating combined augmented reality system with context-awareness compared with augmented reality alone show that context-aware augmented reality system is more active and always reveals more adopted information to the user regarding environmental dynamics. While information is uniform and does not change in augmented reality.
Using the context-aware spatial information system, the user can take different decisions under different circumstances or gain extra information about other context such as time, velocity, acceleration. To better understanding augmented reality, certain graphical forms can be used. Displaying vulnerability by augmented reality can be a tool for ordinary users or specialists in the field of urban design and management, without the need for mapping and map reading knowledge in managing important centers and building in low-risk areas. The results of integrated system evaluation from various users indicate the system’s performance is superior to augmented reality system alone.

One of the most important inventions of humanity in the 20th century is the satellite, which is the fruit of many years of great efforts and the culmination of the technological advancement of mankind. With the development of satellites set in the orbit of the earth, it became possible to conduct high-altitude imagery, independent of political boundaries. The development of electronic systems for the production of images and other imaging techniques, such as radar and infrared images, have caused many changes in remote sensing. Today, satellites provide experts with a wealth of various information about the planet. Today's age is called the Space Age, because spatial information is an integral part of today's life. Now the Space Contest is entering a new stage in order to gain information supremacy, and almost all countries that have enjoyed the taste of utilization of ultra-atmospheric space have been encouraged to build satellites with less expensive capabilities, and countries that do not benefit from this blessing have also made the achievement of this complex human-made phenomenon a priority.

Satellite sensors provide the opportunity for continuous multi-time measurements of a vast area over a period of several days to several decades. Sensor coverage and distance repetition are determined by the height of the shooting platform (satellite), angular acceleration, orbital inclination in proper relation to the equator, and determining the position in proper relation to spring equinox (Elachi, 1987). Many optic sensors have been deployed in near-polar solar synchronous orbits so that global coverage and geometry of continuous light can be achieved. The distance repetition between sensors is different because it depends on the elevation and acceleration of sensors. Other sensors have been placed in the Earth's synchronous orbit so that a high coverage frequency can be obtained from that area. (For example, GEOS meteorological satellites) The ability to detect changes in the surface area photographed over time depends on the recording of spatial geometry and spatial resolution, spectral width and spectral band location, and the radiometric and temporal properties of the sensor imagery frequency. Comparison of received images by a sensor in different dates with any variations in deviation of measuring device and the difference in atmospheric characteristics, is particularly complicated in the secondary pixel cloud coverage. Detection change is considerably more complicated when more than a sensor system is used due to differences between IFOV and PSF sensors, and in bandwidth and spectral response properties.