جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « sustainable agriculture » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The low adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies by farmers in developing regions where agrarian livelihoods are threatened by climate-related disasters such as drought remains a concerning enigma. Adoption patterns are not commensurate with merits of CSA on food security and climate resilience and attention to Socio-psychological features in relation to behavioral and attitudinal patterns in CSA adop-tion remains scarce. Accordingly, this research aimed to study adoption of CSA using the extended technology acceptance model in Sistan plain. The study was conducted on the farmers in the Sistan plain in Sistan and Baluchistan province (N = 6000). The sample (361 farmers) was taken by the proportionally allocated stratified random technique. The results revealed that variables of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, farmers’ subjective norms, and attitude had significant effects on their intention to apply CSA practices. In addition, farmers’ subjective norms and attitude towards CSA had significant effects on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use. This shows the critical role of social influences in shaping attitudes and behavior for CSA adoption and could be useful in educating farmers on climate change.

The aim of this article was to present a strategic plan for the development of smart greenhouses in Isfahan province using the qualitative method of SWOT analysis. In this paper, the solutions for developing smart greenhouses based on maximum use of strengths by relying on opportunities, overcoming weaknesses by exploiting opportunities, using strengths to reduce threats and minimizing weaknesses by avoiding threats are presented. The results of this research show that the development of smart greenhouses in Isfahan province while reducing water consumption and environmental effects can increase product quality and profitability. On the other hand, the development of smart greenhouses in this province needs to overcome limitations such as high initial investment cost, technical complexity, need for maintenance and dependence on external factors. Also, the results show that the development of smart greenhouses in Isfahan province can use some favorable external factors such as increasing demand and low prices of greenhouse products compared to the global market. Some adverse external factors, such as sanctions, social resistance in accepting innovation, and market fluctuations also affect this process. This article provides suggestions for future research policy and addressing the cause of some gaps, limitations and challenges in supporting the smartening of greenhouses in Isfahan province.

Today, the rural economy with its various dimensions is facing many risks and hazard. Therefore, the promotion of the resilience and capacity building of the vulnerable community as an important and fundamental priority has been the responsibility of many development organizations. The general purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between sustainable agriculture and livelihood resilience of rural households in Khotbe’Sara district in Talesh county. This study is applied research and method of research is descriptive-analytical. The statistical society is the rural areas of Khotbe’sara district. The sample size by considering the population and natural location of the rural (mountainous, plain, hillside) and using the Cochran were obtained 328 households. The method of data collection is library and survey. Also, to analyze the collected data were used from descriptive and inferential statistical methods (regression, Pearson correlation and one-sample t-test). The findings show that there is a significant relationship between sustainable agriculture and livelihood resilience of the studied rural households; thus, the highest impact with 75.1% is related to the social solidarity and networks indicator. Then, the indicators of social participation (64.5%), environmental conditions (62.2%), Cultivation pattern and employment (59.5%), agricultural machinery (54.1%) and institutional support and incentives (50.6%) have had the greatest impact on the subsistence resilience of studied rural households. In addition, the results of Pearson correlation indicate a statistically significant relationship between sustainable agriculture and food security in the study area.

The economic structure of Iran is shaped by agriculture. Agriculture accounts for more than 20% of the country’s both gross domestic products and employment. There are many economic activities that are dependent on agriculture such as marketing, processing industries, and agriculture product imports. The majority of farmers in Iran possess small lands that yield small amounts of agricultural products; therefore, these farmers have an insignificant share in the market and subsequently, their gains are insignificant as well. Since 1960, the Iranian government introduced two modern farming systems including rural production cooperatives and Farming Corporation. By 2017, the number of these farming systems reached 1369 rural production cooperatives with 402177 members and 3191507 acres of land along with 30 agricultural stock companies with 7847 members and 775321 acres of land.

The farming system is a social organization consisting of a set of interconnected elements that enable the production of agricultural products through unified identity and administration under the social and natural conditions of its environment. Adherence to the capacity of natural resources is the main condition for farming system sustainability. In fact, sustainability analysis involves specifying this capacity and can be considered as a logical criterion for indicating environmental standards that control the extent to which resources should be utilized. Sustainability analysis somehow indicates and expresses the extent and criterion regarding the distance between the sustainable and new state of a natural phenomenon. In sustainability analysis, resource capacity and economic sustainability are examined, analyzed, and controlled simultaneously with respect to the intended production requirement. Sustainability evaluation is a complex process and encompasses the complicated interactions among technologies, the environment, and society. Sustainably refers to ecologic health or compatibility which guarantees the preservation of the living forces present within agricultural ecosystems. Agricultural sustainability can be analyzed through a variety of dimensions including social (population, education), economic (economic growth, investment, and employment), natural (land, water, and biodiversity), and agricultural (cultivation and production patterns). There are five different methods put forth for sustainability evaluation including prescriptive approaches, timeline, various quantitative and qualitative indices, and system simulation. In general, there are no comprehensive methods in line with analyzing or evaluating the sustainability of all systems; however the only common technique among all methods is the utilization of an all-inclusive sustainability assessment by taking into account the environmental, economic and social dimensions.

The present inquiry is a mixed, applied study in which data collection was carried out using the descriptive method; it is also a survey study conducted using the cross-sectional method. Total population of the study includes 242 operators and members of the rural production cooperative, 635 operators and members of the Farming Corporation, and 1025 smallholders. Sample population was calculated using Cochran’s formula. Shannon’s entropy method was used for sustainability analysis.

The entropy method was used to indicate the weight of each examined index. According to the literature, the key effective indices in the sustainability status of farming systems including smallholders, production cooperative and Farming Corporation include economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Shannon’s entropy method was employed to prioritize and indicate the weight of each examined index through the perspective of each farming system.

The development and sustainability of the rural society is not only an essential requirement, but also an inevitable end; results of studies suggest that such an end would not be attainable unless via reforming the farming system in line with the principles of sustainable agriculture, as the core of agricultural developments. In this study, the required data to achieve robust answers were collected from farming systems including smallholders, rural production cooperative, and Farming Corporation. Given the obtained results, the Farming Corporation has a higher relative sustainability compared to the two other systems in terms of economic and environmental dimensions. In the social dimension, the smallholder farming system enjoys relative sustainability as a result of high level of participation in rural areas’ agricultural and public affairs, the extent of memberships in local communities, high percentage of the employed household work force in agricultural activities, the extent of social agreements and solidarity, and the presence of social capitals. The Farming Corporation system is at a semi-sustainable state in social and economic terms while in environmental terms, it is found to be unsustainable. Increased use of nitrogen fertilizers, phosphates and agricultural toxins have resulted in the unsustainability of all three types of farming systems in environmental terms; however, the severity of this unsustainability is lower in Farming Corporation compared to other systems due to adherence to the technical principles of cultivation and maintenance, and more utilized application of production factors. Subsequently, the following recommendations are presented:Given how the index of the average total income produced by farmers is considered as an unsustainable index in the examined region within the smallholder farming system, the specification of a guaranteed price proportionate to production costs can be effective in improving the income levels of the farmers.
Considering the unsustainability of the Farming Corporation in the social dimension, it is recommended to adopt a participatory approach in the formation of the new Farming Corporation.As the majority of agricultural activities are carried out by smallholders, then smallholder agriculture organization should be prioritized.

The use of unconditional production inputs to increase performance over the last decade which leads to the degradation of the environment and human health, has underscored the importance of sustainable agriculture and continued production along with the preservation of natural resources. In this regard, identifying the barriers and challenges of sustainable agricultural development seems essential. In fact, agricultural planners and policy makers can use them to plan for sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, in this research, this issue has been investigated in southern Kerman province, which has a significant share in agricultural production. In this survey research, the statistical population consisted of all farmers who were selected as a sample farmer in 2001-2017 by the Agricultural Jihad of south of Kerman province (N = 374). The data were gathered through a questionnaire and library studies. In order to determine the validity of the content, the experts used the Cronbach's alpha (0.81) to verify the reliability of the instrument. However, to analyze the data were analyzed by SPSS18 and LISREL8.5 using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in the present study. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that 5 factors, Supportive, research-promotion, market and product, technical, technological, and cultural-social, respectively, were 19.9, 18.6, 14.5, 10.4 and 7.3 percent of the variance, in which 70/90 percent of the total variance of the sustainable development challenges in the south of Kerman province is explained. We call development "sustainable" times that are not destructive and provide the opportunity to preserve resources, including water, soil, genetic resources, herbs and animals. In sustainable development, the principle is that basic natural resources are protected in such a way that future generations can at least produce and consume the current generation. The southern province of Kerman, with its significant share of agricultural production in the country, continues to use the principles and methods based on the Green Revolution in its agricultural activities. This has led to the concerns about the negative effects of modern agriculture on human health, the environment and natural resources. In recent decades, in response to these concerns, the development and application of a new form of agriculture to sustainable agriculture has been considered. One of the measures that was considered essential for sustainable development in agriculture was to identify and investigate the challenges and obstacles it faces to the elite farmers in the region, which is the aim of the present study. The statistical population of the study includes the top farmers of Agriculture - Jihad Organization in Jiroft, Kahnouj, Anbarabad, Faryab, South Roodbar, Manoujan, Qaleh Ganj areas in the South of Kerman province during the years 2001-2017. 374 people were present who were interviewed but we succeeded to collect 320 questionnaires. The data gathering tool in this research was a questionnaire with two parts of individual and professional information and challenges of sustainable development in the south of Kerman province. Major challenges to sustainable agriculture development were extracted from previous research and allocation opinions and were given to elite farmers to express their opinions. In order to determine the validity of the content, a preliminary questionnaire was given to the experts and made the necessary reviews and corrections. In order to calculate the reliability of the Cronbach's alpha method, the pre-test of sustainable agriculture challenges scale was 0.81, indicating an appropriate reliability of the research tool. In this research, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods were used by spss18 and Lisrel 8.8 software. In the first stage, the data analysis was used for exploratory factor analysis. The KMO coefficient and Bartlett statistics were used from the perspective of farmers in southern Kerman province to determine the suitability of the data collected in the context of factor analysis of the challenges of producing sustainable products. The value of this coefficient was 0.76, which indicates that the correlations between the data are suitable for exploratory factor analysis. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that five extracted factors, Supportive, research-extension, market input and product, Technical and technological problems, cultural and social problems with special value, 3.6, 5.9, 4.6, 3.2 and 3.2, respectively, were 19.9, 18.6, 14.5, and 4, respectively. 10/7/7% of the variance, and, in total, 90/70% of the variance of the total sustainable development challenges in the south of Kerman province. In the second stage, the confirmatory factor analysis was used. The results of the fitting indices, standard factor loads, t and P-values ​​indicated that the model fitted and verified the results of the exploratory factor analysis. Due to the global importance to transfer from traditional agriculture to sustainable one, it is necessary to recognize the barriers and challenges of sustainable agricultural development. In fact, this way can pave the way for the planners and managers of the agricultural, environmental and health sectors. In this research, five categories of the most important challenges of sustainable development of agriculture were identified in southern Kerman province. The most important of them are policy and management challenges.  Supportive challenges are the lack of appropriate insurance for products, lack of incentive rules for farmers to use sustainable farming principles, unproductive import of crops with similar domestic production, poor enforcement for agricultural development programs in sustainable agriculture development. Establishing appropriate policies to support and support producers, they maintain the ability to produce high quality and quantity, which can focus on the production of healthy products for the sustainability of production units in each of the three, including the economic, social and environmental dimension. Therefore, policymakers in the country and the region do not provide the required policies for this sector by establishing a national document on sustainable development in agriculture.

According to the importance and role of agriculture in development of societies, along with environmental concerns and global challenges, including food security and population growth, extensive measures for agricultural sustainability are essential. The emphasis on sustainable agriculture, which is considered as one of the aspects of sustainable development, is to meet the human nutritional needs and improve the natural environment, and economic and social sustainability. In the process of sustainable agriculture, recognition of the existing situation of agricultural sustainability is essential so that effective factors in agricultural sustainability and unsustainability in rural areas can be identified, knowing the existing situation, and thereby effective steps could be taken towards strengthening the effective components of sustainability and also reducing the factors that affect agricultural unsustainability. Accordingly, this research has been assessing the agricultural sustainability in villages of roniz district. In this research, the statistic society includes the farmers residing in the villages of district that according to the latest published statistics, amount to 828 beneficiary farmers who are active in rural areas of this district. In total, 110 beneficiaries were selected as the statistical sample and according to the specialty of the subject, they were selected by snowball sampling method to complete the questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the agricultural sustainability status in the study area is undesirable and below the average level. Finally, the results of regression analysis showed that familiarity with sustainable agriculture and participation in promotion classes had the most and least effect on agricultural sustainability, respectively.

Sustainable and sustainable development of any country is dependent on the sustainability of its agricultural system. Therefore, achieving a sustainable agricultural system is one of the important policies of the agricultural sector of the countries that not only provides food security, currency earnings and macroeconomic and political independence. Brings, but at the local level will also be developed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the Empowerment of Agricultural and rural production in Abarkuh Township. The research method was descriptive-survey That Statistics and information obtained through field methods. Study population included 3,000 member Agricultural and rural production in Abarkuh Township That Using Cochran at the level of 0.05, a sample size of 341 were selected. For data analysis from one sample t-test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the research on the basis of statistical tests indicate that the effect of empowerment of the statistical community on observing the principles of sustainable agriculture in the city of Abarkouh is meaningful and there is a significant and direct relationship between these two variables in the level of 99% confidence.

All countries including Iran are faced with food security in the field of natural security caused by population growth. These policies are related to rural, agricultural and rural development. Lack of attention to agriculture besides all its losses, bring about instability in rural areas. Thus, to achieve sustainable development, it is essential to notice potential areas and less developed rural settlements. The current study aimed to analyze spatial pattern of agricultural development of rural settlements of Gil Dulab Village of Rezvanshahr City. This research is functional with a descriptive-analytic approach. The population in this study is chosen from rural villages in Gil Dulab (20 villages) in Rezvanshahr. In this study, the agricultural development of rural settlements is analyzed by 6 in 20 overall indicators using VIKOR model and cluster analysis. Shannon entropy method was used for indicators. To analyze the data, SPSS and Excel was used. The results of the study showed that the degree of sustainable agricultural development in the villages under study is different; in that Gil Chalan village (0.048) is considered as the most developed and Bala Mahaleh Siah Balash village (0.988) is known as the least developed village regarding agricultural development. The results obtained from cluster analysis indicated that 3 villages (15%) are developed, 13 villages (65%) are under development and 4 villages (20%) are undeveloped in terms of agricultural development. Considering the current situation, the managers and policy planners should aim at the improvement of agricultural development of the region.

The sustainable agriculture is a system that in addition to the proper management and use of resources for supplying the feeding requirements of the human, increasing the quality of environment and storages of natural resources. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of environmental, economical and social factors on the knowledge of wheat farmers regarding the agricultural sustainable development in Ardebil province . The research method is of descriptive-co relational type which is made by surveying method. The target population of this study was the entire wheat farmers in Ardabil County and about 17500 people, in which by using stratified random sampling technique, 194 participants were selected as the statistical sample. The content and validity of the questionnaire was obtained through getting the views of faculty members of the university and executive professionals. The preliminary test was also made for achieving the sustainability of the research tools. The reliability analysis was conducted and Cronbach’s alpha values for the various sections of the questionnaire were estimated to be between 0.71 and 0.82.The results of Spearman test showed except of Herbicide and amount of pesticide, number of dependant people, age and total area of under cultivation, there exist a statistically significant positive relationship between environmental, economical and social factors with agricultural sustainable development. In addition, the results of the multivariate regression revealed that the variables of the value of using connecting channels, function , experience of agriculture activities, literacy, partnership level and distance up to the nearest service centers will define 63 percent of the changes in the dependant variable of technical knowledge in agricultural sustainable development. At the end, some instruction and guidelines have been presented for optimization of the farmer's knowledge and increase of using sustainable activities.

Agriculture has determining and fundamental roles in the fate of the rural society in Iran. Also, it is unlikely that rural development can be achieved without having a logical and established solution for rural agriculture. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sustainable agriculture and sustainable development in rural regions of Fasa County. The research method of the study is descriptive-analytical, and the data collection is based on survey method (completing questionnaire). The study population comprised all heads of households living in Fasa villages. Using the Cochran formula, the sample size was estimated as 285 participants who were selected randomly and questionnaires were distributed among them. To measure the reliability of the questionnaire, the Cronbach α was used. In the study, the statistical model of SEM and the first order confirmatory factor analysis were used for analyzing data. The results indicate the validity of both models of measurement of rural development and sustainable agriculture as well as the first order two-factor model for the relationship between rural sustainable development and sustainable agriculture as well as their goodness of fit with the collected data. According to this analysis, indicators of sustainable agriculture have generally more significant direct effects on rural sustainable development than the reverse conditions in this relationship.

Low productivity in agricultural sector, inappropriate use of production factors to enhance product performance during the last decade as a result of adverse environmental degradation and the need for sustainable production and food security prove the importance of the sustainability of the agricultural farming systems. This study is aimed to assess the sustainability of agricultural farming system, including smallholders, rural production cooperatives and Farm Corporation. The statistical population consisted of 17362 members of rural production cooperatives, 635 members of Farm Corporation and 85405 smallholders. The sample size is calculated by using Cochran formula and the appropriate assignment to each cooperatives and smallholders. The results showed that the standardized complex index of farm Corporations and rural production cooperatives are semi stable while smallholder system is unstable. Dimension farm Corporation is economically more stable than the other two systems, while less stable than the others with social dimension. Besides, social dimension of rural production cooperatives is more stable than other two farming systems. Moreover, environmental dimension is less stable to farm Corporation. Smallholder farming system in term of three dimensions especially economic dimension which is unstable. Economic strengthening small farmers system could be regared due to the fact that is a major percentage of farmers in Iran to increase the sector's degree of sustainability.

More than one decade has passed since the significant and extensive emergence of organic agricultural concepts on international level. Rapid and serious loss of vital agricultural resources due to erosion, salinization of land, desertification, extinction of species and environmental pollution is among the world's major concerns. The main cause of such a concern may include indiscriminate use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers and agricultural implements, and the expansion of mechanized cultivation. According to the philosophy of sustainable agriculture, farming systems should be established based on justice and protection of natural resources. Such systems reduce environmental pollution, maintain agricultural productivity, and improve short-term and long-term economic ability and their quality of life. Due to continuous cultivation of garlic and lack of attention to the protection of productive resources over the past decades, we have witnessed a number of problems regarding environmental degradation. The use of pesticides and fertilizers in Hamadan province has been manifold compared to other Iranian provinces. This has been partly due the lack of awareness of factors governing farmer's interest in accepting organic garlic cultivation and sustainable agriculture, and lack of understanding of the mentioned factors in organic agriculture on the part of agricultural experts. Thus, this research, first and foremost, aims at the identification of factors which may affect the willingness of farmers to adopt organic cultivation of garlic in the province, followed by the correct procedures of natural resource management.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: Several schools of thought exist on how to interpret the concept of sustainable and organic agriculture. Although there are major differences between these schools, they all agree that the present condition of agriculture is not sustainable. There are major differences between current and sustainable systems of agriculture. So far, there have been various definitions for organic agriculture. Some think of it as one of the most important agricultural systems for the production of healthy food free of any chemicals. Simply put, organic farming is a kind of agriculture in which consumers may easily use their products and make sure they will have no health problems derived from hormones and pesticides in products. Generally speaking, organic agriculture is not only the exploitation of resources based on purely economic criteria, but it also encompasses emphasis on sustainable production which does not harm basic resources, guarantees the rights of future generations and considers other aspects such as balanced distribution of food, food security, lack of environmental degradation and the use of collective measures. It should be mentioned that Iranian agriculture sector has been affected by inappropriate overuse of external inputs and unsustainable use of agricultural productive resources. The analysis of the present condition of Iranian agricultural sector clearly shows that agricultural systems used in Iran and other Third World countries are based on western patterns of agriculture, which all put emphasis on the use of external inputs.
This is an applied, descriptive and non-experimental research. This field research was a cross-sectional survey conducted between 2012 and 2013 crop year. Regarding it paradigm, the research falls into the realm of quantitative research. The research population includes all the producers of garlic in three regions including Hamadan, Touiserkan and Bahar, all located in Hamadan province. Simple random sampling method was used, and the size of the samples included 163 famers. To collect the data, a questionnaire was used. The content reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by the assistance of a number of professors of Agriculture College of Mohaghegh Ardabili University. A preliminary test was conducted to obtain reliability, and Cronbach's alpha for different sections of the questionnaire were calculated between 0.72 and 0.83.
The results of economic factors rating showed that three variables including contracts request, the availability of manure in production and demand for organic garlic were respectively the most significant factors affecting farmer's interest in initiating organic garlic cultivation in Hamadan province. Based on the results of ranking social factors, the availability of insurance in the production of organic garlic was the most important factor affecting farmer's interest in initiating organic garlic cultivation. Generally speaking, the results showed that several variables such as demand for organic garlic, the availability of seed for organic garlic production, production costs and organic garlic market had a significant relationship with farmer's tendency to accept organic garlic cultivation in Hamadan province. According to the findings, farmer's conservativeness negatively affected their willingness to cultivate organic garlic. It is proposed to hold exhibitions, make TV/radio programs and distribute brochures to inform people about the benefits of healthy products and the disadvantages of chemical products. Thus they will be more willing to buy organic products. The required inputs should be also provided by government in order to ease farmer's access to such inputs. It is also suggested that a few farms be established by Jahad Keshavarzi Organization in different regions in order to make farmers more familiar with this type of agriculture.

Toachieve the objectives of food security andagriculture, including its effective roleinstreng the ningnational independence requiresfast and accuratetransition froms tagetostage in the production of traditional livelihoods andindustrial productionand trade. The other handpursuit of sustainable agriculture todayasan approachto agriculture that made it possible to begin commercial production and food security of rural households makesit possible. In family uses about 80 percent of total agricultural uses accounted for, and thereforethe relationship between thein terest collected and food security in rural areasis of utmost importance, In this regard, this study also analyzes there lationship between thefood security and sustainable agricultureis discussed.
Research According to the studyin order to identify the relationship between food security and ther uralrich family uses bigelowis, therefore obeys the function al approach. This study is the descriptive research method-correlation analysis is carried out using the method. Research is a two section documentary and in section documentary through library research to gather background and theoretical Research, and a small section to analyse the data has been paid. Basic dataon the status of food security and sustainability of family farming systemin the coanty is ghani-bigelow questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: descriptive questionssuch as age, sex, education, food security status, a second batch of questions relating to the sustainability off amily farming systems in sustainable agriculture and household food security operation in the third part of the question concerning the form cartstandard commodity the Ministry of health requirements. according tomultiplestudies, the authors of 10 socialindicators, economic in dicatorsand 9 nineen vironmental in dicatorsto identify the factors affecting the economic, social, environmental and food security in the lives of beneficiaries were selected in the city of Zanjan. Since the total study population in cluded 1,324 family farmersin 8 rurals areselected, among them, using Cochran formula and table sample volume of 300 farmers were selected to complete the questionnaire and data necessary to navigate the desired 8 rurals were selected at random and were carefully collected. Spss software for data analysis and one-sample t-test for test for analyzing the stability of the family operation, Tukey's test, Pearson's chi-square tables to examine the relation  taking advantage of the family and the general index correlation test for the relationship between sustainability and social and economic characteristics of interest - family farmers and food security were used.
Research findings :Descriptive findings indicate that individual characteristics of users, withan average age of 44.6 years for men and 94.8% among men and 5.2 percent of the mare women.Average family size of 4.3 persons perhousehold operation. In terms of education,19.6 percent were illiterate, 29.9% had primary school education, school education, 17.5 percent, 11.5 percent, education, high school diploma,12.8 percent, 8.7 percent havea bachelorsor higher graduateed ucation.The findings in relation to food security status of household sin the study rurals how among the items in the commodity basket standard provided by the ministry of health, there was only a poor person's consumption and the highest rate of poverty among food items, meat, fish and vegetables are.Thefindingsshow that 20.13 percent and 41.91 percent in the statistical community in absolute poverty, relative poverty live.
Analytic alresultsrelated to food security and sustainable family farming systems in ghani-biglwe rurals rich in zanjan township shows that, Stable operation of the systemis not in acceptable condition and the average family size in all three dimensions of sustainability in economic, environmental and social desirability of numeric negatively be assessed. In the second analysis, result sindicate statistically significant differences between the dependent variables tudied food security in rural households of farmers and sustainable agriculture is the independent variable. The following resultss how that based on sustainable agriculture, rural farmers were no significant differences in household food security is achieved and the positive direction of this relationshipis estimated that the association is indicated. So we can say that by increasing the sustainability of agricultural systems exploit a rich family in a county ghani-bigelow, food security at the household will increase proportionally.

The main purpose of this study was to analysis factors affecting the practice of agriculture conservation operation by farmer exploitation. Statistical population of this study is consisted of all farmers in the Divandarreh county of Kurdistan province. By using Cochran's sampling formula, sample size was estimated as 126. Respondents were selected by using stratified random sampling method. For increasing reliability of the findings, 165 questionnaires were distributed among farmers, ultimately 150 questionnaires were completed and analyzed via SPSS software. The instrument of the study was a questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was established by calculating Chronbach's Alpha Coefficient (α>0.7). Results showed that there is a significant relationship between the use of conservation agriculture practices by farmers and extension courses of study. Results of correlation analysis showed that application of CAP by farmers significantly correlated with annual income, farmer’s work experience, farming land size, farmer's education level, using information channels, the rate of environmental problems, motivation to participate in environmental protection projects, using education- extension journal in agriculture field, knowledge and perspective toward CAP. Also, results of the regression analysis showed that three variables consisting of farmer's education level, farm work experience and using of education-extension journal in agriculture field explained 66.1 percent of dependent variable (CAP) variances changes. At the end of this study, proposals for the adoption of conservation agriculture based on the research results is presented.

One of the most important aspects of sustainable development is sustainable agriculture. Therefore, nowadays, achieving a sustainable agricultural system is an important policy in agriculture department of countries. The main objective of this study is identifying factors affecting stability of rice cultivation in the city of Shirvan and Chardavol in Ilam province. This study was a survey and is descriptive correlation. Chardavol of rice production in the region is considered as a case study area has been selected. The city Rice planter N=2550 number of Shirvan Chardavol Township of Ilam province, one of the most effective areas persons were selected as the statistical community. Among these 185 people sampling stratified Multi-stage random using the formula Cochrane (d = 0.07 and p = q = 0.5) as sample statistics were selected for collecting the required information from farmers, a questionnaire, developed Content validity was confirmed by the panel of experts.Finally, data acquired using a special formula of Cronbach alpha software SPSS, credit research questionnaire for all sections 0.80, respectively. The results showed that most of farmers Rice planter are middle-aged and illiterate. The results also show that 67.82 percent of Rice planter has the middle of knowledge about sustainable agriculture and most of them are nearly 42.01 percent, a moderate attitude towards sustainable rice cultivation.The results of the correlation between variables shows a significant negative relationship between the stability of rice cultivation with age, farming experience, there is a history of rice cultivation, there is also a significant positive relationship between rice cultivation and variables such as stability, extent of lands owned, area of land under rice cultivation, social participation, sustainable agriculture knowledge, attitude, level of promotional contacts.

In the present research, the effects of rural production cooperatives in sustainable agriculture in the 12 villages of Nishabour have been investigated. The main objective of this research is to analyze of rural production cooperatives in agricultural infrastructure development and its effect on the stability. This research was based on descriptive- analytical methods, and the data were collected using both documentary and field studies. The questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software and ARC GIS was used in order to create the maps. Statistical community is farmer members (2678 people) living in 12 villages covered with rural production cooperatives. To assess the performance of rural production cooperatives, based on the Topsis technique, eleven indexes in 12 villages are compared and ranked. The impacts of rural production cooperatives on the sustainable agricultural development are analyzed, based on many indicators, including 13 economic indicators, 16 social indicators and 20 environmental indicators. The average of the three dimensions of economic, social and environmental sustainability was calculated 2.74, 2.41 and 3.33. On this basis, the cooperative effect of the stronger social sustainability, but economic sustainability in the medium and the environmental sustainability of the impact has been poor. The analytical results indicate that the performance of the rural production cooperatives in most villages has not been successful. Three cooperatives, including Fooshanjan, Simorgh No. 5 and Simorgh No. 4, have provided highest services with the performance ratio of 0.896, 0.471 and 0.398 respectively. These villages have higher stability than other villages in the area. The correlation between the levels of services provided to rural cooperatives and agricultural sustainability Indicative the significant positive correlation in economic and social dimensions. Research limitation: The major limitation of the study is the lack of information about the performance of the cooperatives in villages covered. Practical implications: The government should increase the financial and technical support to provide a favorable background for development of RPCs. Original/value: The present work is original in view of analysis on the effects of rural production cooperatives in agricultural infrastructure development and its effect on the stability in sustainable agriculture.

The main object of this research is to investigate the effective factors on wheat producer's knowledge of soil management in Ardabil province. Mythology: This study is quantitative in terms of its nature, non-experimental in terms of controlling variables, applied in terms of its objectives and descriptive- analytic in terms of data-gathering procedure. The number of samples was 17500 people that 410 people was selected using the method of multi-level cluster sampling. Also, the number of samples was estimated based on the study of the Krejicie and Morgan. Besides, points of view of some commentators were used to substantiate the questionnaire validity. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and SPSS were used to investigate the reliability of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha value was calculated 87%. The results of correlation coefficients showed that there is a meaningful relationship between variants of age, history of agricultural activities, experience of wheat cultivation, education, gross income, territory of dry lands, access to agricultural seeds and credit facilities, the territory of agricultural lands, the area under wheat cultivation, promotional activities by promoters, act to the promotional guidelines of promoters, channels and information resources, social participation, and socio-institutional trust with knowledge of wheat producers from soil management. Research Limitation: One of the main challenges of this study is to access the information about wheat producer's knowledge of soil management. Practical Implications: Finally, based on research findings it can be said that culture-making can contribute to the sustainability of the farming soil. Meanwhile, adequate credits should be supplied to implement the approach of farm school of farmer and farmer to farmer training i.e. assistance of pioneer farmers. Also, promoters can be central in holding educational courses in order to promote awareness and acceptance of the methods of soil management to improve the sustainability of agricultural resources.

In this study, the relationship between sustainable agriculture and the quality of life in rural areas is rural- ship of Miandeh in Fasa County was examined.

this study is descriptive-analytic and a survey research method was employed. The survey data were collected through field studies. The resrach population of this study was the head of the rural families of Mianded in Fasa. Using the Cochran formula a sample of 218 was selected and a questionnaire was given to them. Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. It indicated that it was a reliable research tool.

The results of the statistical analysis indicates that the positive relationship between quality of life and sustainable development of agriculture, was significant. The partial indices of fit (relative to the critical significance level) indicate that all of the factor loadings are significantly different from zero. Among the latent variables, sustainable agriculture and quality of life variables viewer (social, economic, environmental and quality of education, health and income, quality of habitat, environmental quality, infrastructure, leisure and security) there is a significant positive relationship. Research limitation: The lack of access to information about agriculture and quality of life brought some problems in this research. Practical implication: According to findings of this study, paying more attention to the quality of life for people who live in rural areas and their problems should be among the priorities of administrators. The problems such as such as housing, water, electricity, creating employmen and income, and building the roads are among the inevitable necessities in rural areas. Original/ value: The value of this study lies in the fact that it is among the few studies focusing on the relationship between quality of life and agriculture. Furthermore, it can be considered as an innovation.

Extended abstract 1-Introduction Sustainable and continuous development of each country is depended to Sustainable of agricultural system. As food security، environmental security، improved economic status and overall survival and the life of the country will be possible to achieve a sustainable agriculture. Assess the sustainability of agriculture in rural areas as the focus of a significant share of the farmer population and the threats facing the sustainable development of agriculture، to be realistic plan for improving agricultural sustainability in action. In the direction Azna Township that has regions such as climatic and geographical conditions and farming as the main source of income and employment opportunities، appropriate development in rural regions is provided. Given the importance of farming activities and its close relationship with rural development in mind is the fact that the current extent of agricultural activity is sustainable? And the region''s agricultural activities have been positive changes in terms of sustainability or not? Nature of agricultural sustainability is so that it can not be evaluated only according to objective indices. Since data for all indicators of agricultural sustainability can not be to collect as an objective and quantitative، therefore، should be given to collecting data mental indicators. In this study we tried to assess mental indicators of sustainable agriculture and meantime to consider the status of indicators compared to previous approaches towards the sustainable development of agriculture to offer. Theoretical Basics Generally، all single definition of sustainable agriculture that is accepted is very difficult. Agricultural policies in sustainable agriculture and natural resources to produce the maximum sustainable production in the short term and long-term continued to be pushed. Land of the Brandt report، entitled «Our Common Future» in 1987 and its culmination in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro will provide different definitions of sustainability and sustainable agriculture. Some experts and others looked on from the vision of sustainable ecological agriculture، ecological aspects of the term assurance beyond mere knowledge and its receptor in the areas of ethics، sustainable development، sustainable rural communities and institutions as well. Thus، sustainable agriculture to balance economic، ecological and rural cultures together is emphasized. Discussion Indicators to measure the attitude of farmers towards sustainable agriculture in the region، all 16 indicators، using Likert five-level range (too high 5، high 4، medium 3، low 2، very low 1) have been investigated. For this purpose، all the indicators together in the first phase of the study and obtained a total score for each individual. This score reflects the degree to implement the principles of sustainable agriculture and for agriculture. Therefore، the data entered by the cluster analysis and were classified in five groups and clusters obtained are named according to their scores. After this stage of research to identify indicators of sustainable agriculture in the region، all 16 index into the cluster analysis and were classified in five categories. Because of the nature of continuity in time، the concept of sustainability is hidden، so the trend is positive or negative changes in each of the past to be more precise evaluation of the indicators to be obtained. The Wilcoxon test was used to assess changes in each index. Finally، the four rural district study area to examine the issue of whether there is a tendency to the same conditions for sustainable agriculture، the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Conclusion The results of cluster analysis shows that the activities carried 10/8 percent of farmers in a highly unstable، unsustainable in 32 percent، 30/4 percent in somewhat sustainable، 15/2 percent in the sustainable group and 11/6 percent in the group have been quite sustainable. Also evaluate the stability of each of the indicators in sustainable agriculture، 12/5 percent of the indicators in a sustainable، sustainable at 18/75 percent، Somewhat sustainable at 43/75 percent، 6/25 percent in the unstable group and 18/75in the group are very unstable. Therefore with due attention to average obtained from the index، we can say; the farm level، crop rotation (mean 4/12 of max 5) and stable indicators of tillage (average 1/77 of maximum 5) of the unstable region. The results of the Wilcoxon test the parameters of the only indicators of pesticide use than in the past has had a negative process. This index is significant at the 5 percent level of past and present، farmers use chemical pesticides. Lack of suitable alternatives in this index، the most important factor in the spread as much of it. Finally، Kruskal Wallis test results showed that the four rural district study area and applying the principles of sustainable agriculture، there is no balance and coordination in the East Silakhor rural district is compared to other Azna township rural district. Suggestions • According to the indicators of minimum tillage، crop and forest use of chemical fertilizers used in this study are quite unstable it is therefore imperative that the information about damages caused by excessive use of fertilizers، the use of minimum tillage and bed in order to use most of the crop is the forest. • Index of use of chemical pesticides has a negative process in this study for the purpose it is necessary to conduct scientific studies to provide suitable alternatives to farmers found. Otherwise، you should see more use of chemical pesticides and low quality products in the coming years. • Given the weak condition of other rural district in the East Silakhor rural district are. Therefore، in order to avoid regional imbalances and mismatches are of particular interest. This is especially good at protecting the quality and quantity of water in the rural district with other rural district show a large difference. • Finally، it is recommended to encourage farmers to high-performance، As the farmer، Those farmers will be introduced as a template That are both sustainable agricultural yield per unit area and time factors are too high. Way to motivate more positive attitudes toward the use of sustainable practices by farmers will be done.