نشریه مهندسی جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

Regarding the serve of general policies of the sixth development plan and codifying the so-called plan in the next 5 years (2017-2021) with the experience of ten constructive programs and the development before and after the Islamic Revolution, it is necessary to emphasize the regional and intraregional sustainable development based on "Space Geographic Engineering Strategy (SGES)". That is relying on the natural and human capacity and talents, can lead into a sustainable development by the priority of the endogenous development and noticing the exogenous development in the next stage. Using SGES regarding all the aspects of sustainable development including ecologic-environmental, socio-cultural, economic, institutional-management, physical-spatial, we may observe the proper distribution of population and activities in natural, local and regional levels by achieving the development and its goals in regions. By emphasizing natural and human capabilities in different levels from natural to local, following spatial justice principles, SGES brings regional planning rather than spot planning, decentralization rather than centralization. SGES also guarantees endogenous development by making use of exogenous development as a complementary in light of sustainable development. In SGES the emphasize is on desirable and optimum use of geographical environment for the welfare of the current generation in such a way that regarding of keeping all of its aspects, the usage of it would be guaranteed for all of the future generations. In addition, complete and precise recognition of geographical environment in all its aspects ad development planning based on this recognition using qualitative and quantitative methods and models, emphasizing on the latter, is taking into consideration. Thus, the proposed model of SGES in regional planning strives for optimum geographic distribution in spatial organization of population. The activities are carried out by sustainable development approach. On the other hand, ecologic, social, cultural, economic, institutional management and physical in the national, regional, zonal and local levels for desirable future is based on sustainable development. To this end, long-term and mid-term and long-term and in different levels, should be carried out along with spatial planning to decrease and eliminate the spatial imbalance and inequality. To sum up, using SGES in spatial planning leads in to a complementary fir regional planning.

The city growth without planning has caused many problems in the last decades. Issues related to housing are considered as these problems. Thus investigating housing situation seems to be essential. Because of its unique characteristics, housing has essential impact on the urban development. To this end the main purpose of this research is to investigate qualitative and quantitative indexes of housing in Guilan urban areas and to propose approaches for the improvement of the existing situation. This study is an analytic-descriptive research and 13 qualitative and quantitative indexes are used in investigating the housing situation of the urban areas of 16 towns in Guilan. For data analysis ANP model Topsis and Pearson correlation are used. The findings of this study indicate that the investigating indexes under investigation on housing in the towns of Guilan province face with many shortcomings. The urban areas of Roodbar town with 0.6606 points is ranked the first and Somesara town with 0.285599 points has the worst situation in Guilan in regard to housing. It is also found that urbanization has no significant relationship to development. To this end low benefit loans to low classes, reconstructing and renewing old houses besides new comprehensive planning for housing for the future of the cities are recommended.

The need for integrated and balanced development in third world countries, including Iran, has made the recognition of the characteristics of different regions and inequality between them inevitable. Recognizing regions in terms of development indicators and comparing them is considered as the first step in regional planning besides making balance and social justice between regions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of development of intra- regional provinces of regions (1, 2, 8 and 9) of the country that is conducted in terms of economic size. This study is a descriptive-analytic research.   In this research study ANP model is used to weight the indices and to analyze the data Multi Criteria Decision Making Prometheus and Gaia is used. The results show that in regions (1,2,8,9) of the country the provinces East Azarbaijan, Mazandaran, Fars and Kermanare being ranked as the first with favorable economic situation; whereas, the provinces Ardebil, Golestan, Kohgiluyeh-Boyer Ahmad and Sistan and Baluchestan are ranked as the last with very weak economic situation. The results of this study show that there is a significant relationship between the regional center and attracting economic facilities. So that in the first area (East Azarbaijan), in Region 2 (Mazandaran), in the 8th Region (Fars Province) and in Region 9 (Kerman)are located in the central region and compared to its neighboring provinces have favorable economic conditions. The investigation of the inter-regional differences indicates that in terms of economic development region 2 is ranked as the first region 1 as the second, region 8 as the third and region 9 as the last. The results also show that in order to achieve balanced spatial development in the provinces of regions (1, 2, 8 and 9) in future programs of national planning, Ardebil, Golestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad and Sistan-Baluchestan meet very high priority and Hormozgan province meet high priority, West Azerbaijan provinces, Gilan and Bushehr medium priority, Kerman and Fars low priority and the provinces of East Azerbaijan and Mazandaran with very weak priority.

All countries including Iran are faced with food security in the field of natural security caused by population growth. These policies are related to rural, agricultural and rural development. Lack of attention to agriculture besides all its losses, bring about instability in rural areas. Thus, to achieve sustainable development, it is essential to notice potential areas and less developed rural settlements. The current study aimed to analyze spatial pattern of agricultural development of rural settlements of Gil Dulab Village of Rezvanshahr City. This research is functional with a descriptive-analytic approach. The population in this study is chosen from rural villages in Gil Dulab (20 villages) in Rezvanshahr. In this study, the agricultural development of rural settlements is analyzed by 6 in 20 overall indicators using VIKOR model and cluster analysis. Shannon entropy method was used for indicators. To analyze the data, SPSS and Excel was used. The results of the study showed that the degree of sustainable agricultural development in the villages under study is different; in that Gil Chalan village (0.048) is considered as the most developed and Bala Mahaleh Siah Balash village (0.988) is known as the least developed village regarding agricultural development. The results obtained from cluster analysis indicated that 3 villages (15%) are developed, 13 villages (65%) are under development and 4 villages (20%) are undeveloped in terms of agricultural development. Considering the current situation, the managers and policy planners should aim at the improvement of agricultural development of the region.

This paper aimed to study the process of changes in Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) in north of Iran during the last 50 years. The current study tried to determine the most appropriate and standardized number of population in urban areas and to find out how population balance may be kept in one area. This study is an analytic-descriptive research. With the help of population of population estimation of northern cities dated to 1400, This research made an attempt to plan the population standard up to 1400 horizon. This research also aimed to design a plan for increase or decrease of the rate of urban population growth to make a spatial balance in northern metropolitan areas. To this end, adjustment rank-size model suited to entropy rate of metropolitan areas is being designed. The results show that the Entropy rate in those urban areas during the treatment is not being in balance and is decreased from 0.782 in 1335 to 0.769 in 1390.The most irregularities in metropolitan areas are observed in cities with more than 100 population. During the last 55 years population recession in cities with over 5000 people is shown as 1.267, negatively. With the current population growth based on rank size model northern metropolitan areas over 50000 people in number have the population fraction.

The study educational disparities among geographical regions of a country is one of the essential tasks and the basis for planning for social justice. In this way, planners must balance the distribution of facilities and the basis for their planning. In order to understand the differences in development levels it is necessary to examine the current status of each area, to be able to reduce or eliminate differences accordingly, action planning and decision-making that decision. In fact the main purpose of this study is to evaluate and identify the municipalities of Ardebil province about social benefit indicators. Therefore this research is to use descriptive- analytical methods using 13 social indicators, is ranking municipalities of Ardabil province in terms of the rate of benefit or the development. This research is functional with a descriptive-analytic approach. The geographical field of this research is Ardabil province and the municipalities of the province population. The data are gathered by documentation, library and statistic tables. Indices, 13 indices of which the General Population and Housing Census 1390 have been collected. Finally, the raw data to the entropy index has processing capabilities of multi-criteria decision-making models. Ixelles software for data analysis as well as 10Arc GIS is used to map the software. For ranking municipalities in the province of Ardebil in this article the methods TOPSIS, VICOR and SAW is applied and finally to reach a consensus for ranking the municipalities, Copeland method is used. It should be noted that the county is classified for the development of cluster analysis model so that the degree of development were categorized in 5 categories. Analysis of development achieved in each rank the different municipality and in swing. So that the first and second positions in the Gogh Tapeh and Savalan and The other two models TOPSIS and VICOR that have achieved similar results (South Vylkyj municipaliteis and Abgarm ranked first and second respectively) is different. Finally, at the bottom of the results all three models are different. So that the TOPSIS model Dvjaq municipality, in the VICOR model Azadlu municipality and SAW model are South Vylkyj municipality. The findings of this study indicate that the use of models, including the development of multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM) times bring different results. The results of the ranking of municipality based on the degree of development shows that in each of the municipality is somewhat different ranking methods. Copeland merging technique was used to fix the problem; the conclusion must be acknowledged that the application of quantitative models necessary caution and only use one or several small models can not represent the reality of a society. This can be caused by several factors, including lack of quantitative methods in a careful analysis of the situation of human communities and their behavior, the impossibility of quantifying all aspects of qualitative and quantitative models is ultimately the requirement to reduce the number of variables. However, if used properly, models and quantitative methods merely to facilitate the planning process and assist in decision making and as reliable points are issues for planners at initial recognition. Yet field studies to understand the realities of geography of human social behavior is necessary and compelling. Now that the awareness and recognizing the potential and the strengths and weaknesses of municipality the essential steps in the development of the municipality harvest and by investing in the potential and talents of deprived areas in order to overcome the shortcomings of useful work done.

Automobile accidents are increasing in Iran’s metropolises today resulting very high financial losses for families and government. Since the financial, physical, mental and social losses are irreversible and one of the most important purposes in the transportation planning is to make the intra-city traffic light it is necessary to implement effective strategiesto prevent the losses caused by intra-city accidents. Regarding this problem the main purpose of this study is the spatial analysis of intra-city accidents in Uromia city. The study also proposes proper strategies to decrease automobile accidents. This research is functional in purpose with analytic-descriptive survey method conducted in terms of spatial analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS). The population of the study is all accidents recorded by traffic police in Uromia city in 2013. The result of the Kernal Density analysis with ArcGIS software show that the most automobile accidents happened in region 1 and 3 and in the down town (region 4) and main center of accident in the city is in region 4 because this region has travel absorbing centers. In addition, according to the statistical test nearest neighborhood index, diffusion of accident points in 2013 is 0.001 and it shows that distribution of accident point follows clustered pattern in the same year.

Nowadays correct planning and comprehensive utilization of the environment is based on the recognition of talents and evaluation of the productive potential of the region.  The evaluation of the regions’ ecologic potential is the middle phase of the region planning or environmental planning process. In fact, region evaluation provides the primary information of the second phase of regional planning including choosing the most appropriate utilization of the region and the management system. In this manner, the purpose of the present study is to determine the most desired and appropriate environmental areas of Tarom’s basin located in Zanjan province with evaluating the ecologic potential for developmental application. To this end, the analytic hierarchy process analysis (AHP) and the geographical information system (GIS) was used. In the manner that after conducting the intended information layers and application of these information layers in the Arc GIS environment and after the conduction and completion of the questionnaire by the subject-related professionals, prototype and normal matrix has been completed for designating the relative weight of the layers. In the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), regarding to the relative weight of the layers which were designated after the completion of the questionnaire by the subject-related professionals and conduction of prototype and normal matrix and the results showed that the highest controlling variable is the gradient with the highest percentage of relative weight. Therefore, the region’s central parts which has the least gradient meaning acquiring 0-2 up to 8-12 percent and in the manner of vegetation includes low density fields and thinly scattered forests are the most appropriate parts for development. Finally, the determination of final weight of layers and combining the data was performed in the Idrisi software that the results of this method are as follows: about 14.36 percent of the total area acquires grade one appropriate potential, and about 10.12 percent acquires the grade two potential appropriate for urban- rural development and 75.52 percent also lacks the desired potential for such developments.

Rural plan, one of the country's rural development projects and rural development is considered as the most important management tool. Guide plan, one of the country dating back more than three decades of rural development projects aimed at revitalization of rural areas in terms of physical, economic, social and ecological villages. Guide planning aims to renew the rural landscapes. The research was carried out to evaluate the function conductor design in line with the level of satisfaction of the people of the village. This analytical descriptive research evaluates the consequences of guide plans in economical, social, ecological and physical changes in rural Nagel city of Sanandaj. The population includes all people over 20 years and headed households in four villages of Nagel who were selected as the sample size based on Cochran (N=160). The questionnaire was confirmed by the experts and proved by Cronbach (75%). Data were analyzed by T test to determine the mean, square, Friedman ranking and hierarchical cluster analysis to determine the ranking of influential factors. The results of the study showed a significant and positive impact of guide plan in terms of physical dimensions on rural landscapes. Otherwise, insufficient funds caused incomplete implementation of the plan, in addition, lack of banking facilities for renewing houses by rural people is considered as the main factor for the people of the villages dissatisfaction. -

Planning for the development of human settlement from different perspectives, such as economic, social, cultural and spatial, is one of the most important issues in achieving sustainable development. Not giving enough attention to this issue has resulted in imbalanced growth in developing countries. The fast pace of migration from rural to urban areas has resulted in massive urban growth and polarized development, economic instability, social inequity, and consequently a chaos in human and natural environment. There are several strategies to lower the rate of migration from rural to urban areas, such as developing suitable village settlements replacing improper villages, and locating new villages so that sustainable development could be achievable. Two-fifth of Iranian population are living in settlements. Therefore, it is very critical to find a proper place for new human settlement in order to improve their access to substantial services and facilitate regional development. In this study, with regard to sustainable development approach and empowering the relationship between rural and urban areas, city of Shiraz and its surrounding settlement were selected as the study area. According to available literature several criteria for good settlement were attained and then evaluated based on interviews with professional experts. To facilitate the comparison, these criteria of site selection for establishing new villages were categorized in 5 groups, namely: natural environment, socio-economic, spatial, infrastructure, transportation network. The detailed explanation of each factors was explained in the body of this paper. Then, in order to compare them, each criterion received a score which is resulted from using AHP waiting model and Arc GIS software. Finally, all the information has been analyzed and resulted in recognition of the effective factors in site selection for new villages and the importance of each factor were distinguished for the sake of decision making about weather a proposed location is a suitable and unsuitable areas for establishment of new settlements. Results of this study indicated that according to available studies and professional expert views, qualities of natural environment specifically vegetation and topography were the most important indicators, while as long as the proper road network was available, the distance was the least important indicator for settlement site selection. It should be noted that this study in more about top-down perspective and could prepare the ground for more detailed comparisons that could be done when there are more data available of the economic profitability of settlement and satisfaction of their residence. Combining multi aspect viewpoints will definitely result in more comprehensive decision-making process which is an absolute need for sustainable development of our country.