tabriz metropolis

Urban regeneration has various approaches in the field of improving the biological quality of worn and historical textures, each of which is suitable for different textures with different conditions. The historical texture of the Tabriz metropolis, considering its historical background and valuable texture, requires attention and adoption of a conservation-oriented regeneration approach. In this regard, this research has examined and outlined the prospects and horizons ahead for the conservation-oriented regeneration of the historical texture of the Tabriz metropolis using a futures research approach and scenario writing method. The results of the research show that out of 49 indicators, 27 indicators were selected as critical drivers, and after implementing the scenario writing method, out of several possible situations, six scenarios can be drawn as the most likely situations and the future of conservation-oriented regeneration in this city. Among these scenarios, the third scenario was selected as the superior scenario with a total score of 31 and a desirability percentage of 25%. The overall status of the drivers in the combination of scenarios is not favorable, and based on the average score of the scenarios, the system is moving towards instability and crisis.

In recent decades, one of the main challenges in studies related to regional development is the search for understanding the economic and cultural differences between the national and regional levels in order to predict the transition that will lead to regional development. One of the systems that plays an important role in regional development is the regional innovation system. To this end, the aim of the present study is to identify the key drivers of regional innovation in the Tabriz metropolis. In this regard, the study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Two library and field methods were used to collect the required information. The statistical population of the study includes 32 qualified individuals in the industry, university, and government sectors who were selected as purposive sampling. The data were also collected from the Miqmac software for analysis. The research findings show that out of a total of 71 influential factors, 13 factors include an appropriate productivity culture, laws and regulations, the existence of a teamwork culture between activists and established industry units, information and communication technology infrastructure, sufficient funding for university research infrastructure, higher education, patent programs, higher education policy, performance evaluation and payment system, financial support, a special and flexible tax system for research and development, and research centers.

Urbanization and the increase in urban populations, resulting from both natural population growth and rural-to-urban migration, have led to the concentration of significant material and spiritual human capital within urban settlements. Concurrently, various natural and human-induced crises pose threats to these capitals. Urban management has initiated a range of programs to address these crises, with a contemporary focus on enhancing the resilience of cities. The concept of resilience can be examined across various dimensions, including physical, economic, social, and environmental aspects.
The present study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach with the objective of assessing the physical resilience of metropolitan areas in Tabriz and determining their status relative to one another. To achieve this goal, multi-criteria decision-making methods (MADM) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) have been employed. Additionally, three models—Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), VIKOR, and Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS)—have been utilized to rank the regions in terms of physical resilience. Ultimately, the Copeland model was applied to integrate the results from the aforementioned models. The findings indicate that regions 2, 8, and 9 collectively exhibit the highest levels of physical resilience, followed by regions 1, 10, 3, 7, 5, 4, and, lastly, region 6, respectively.

The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between urban surface heat islands and air pollutants in Tabriz metropolis. Landsat 8 and 9 images were used to calculate land surface temperature (LST) and urban surface heat islands (SUHI) from Sentinel 5p images for air pollutants in 2023 in spring and summer. The results showed that the value of LST and SUHI in the studied area was in the range of 9.75 to 46.57, -20.48 and 9.07 degrees Celsius, respectively, and the value of SUHI was higher in spring than in summer. is The results of air pollutants, aerosol absorption index (AAI), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) showed that the concentration of pollutants in the central parts South, southwest of the study area has been dense. The statistical relationship between air pollutants and SUHI shows a weak inverse relationship between these two variables with R2 equal to 0.003 to 0.14. Also, ANOVA analysis showed that the high value of F statistic (between 40.3 and 65.56) and the low significance level of P_value at 0.000 can be said that there is a significant relationship between these two variables. The high number of T statistic also indicates the significance of these two variables. The Pearson correlation results showed that the correlation of NO2 with SUHI with R equal to -0.37 and -0.42 in spring and summer, respectively, was higher than other pollutants.

The spatial structure of the city includes the population distribution pattern and functions that are systematically connected through communication networks. In this regard, in order to reduce the imbalances in the spatial structure of the city, it is necessary to examine the spatial distribution of functions as well as the temporal patterns and population mobility related to these functions. Considering the importance of the subject, the aim of the current research is to examine the structure and functional cores of Tabriz metropolis from the perspective of spatial, temporal and human mobility patterns. The research method in the present research is descriptive-analytical with causal-correlation nature, in order to analyze the information was used in the density and spatial distribution of functional cores, the Kernel density estimation method and in the spatial relations of functions, Moran's index. The findings of the research show that based on the value of Moran's index for functional cores i.e. 0.317598 at the 99% confidence level and the value of the z-score index i.e. 15.000557, it can be said that the dispersion of functional cores is in clustering mode. Also, based on the results, it can be said that Tabriz metropolis is in a mononuclear state (city center) and due to the increase in the distribution of administrative, therapeutic and recreational functions in the eastern regions and industries in the western regions, the ability to transform into a multi-nuclear development pattern in the structure It has its own space. Time patterns and human mobility also confirm the single core of the city in the central part and the formation of sub-cores around the city. Therefore, rethinking the spatial distribution of functions with their optimal placement is an inevitable necessity in the spatial structure of Tabriz metropolis.

Flooding is one of the most critical and destructive threats to human societies, developing cities, and their residents, which, if not prepared in advance and properly planned, may cause irreparable loss of life and property to settlements, the strength of buildings, and urban facilities. Tabriz metropolis is not exempt from this threat due to its special geographical location and history of destructive floods. The crossing and confluence of the two rivers, Meydan Chayi and Mehran Chayi, and the heights of Aun Ebn Ali in areas 5, 1, and 10 of Tabriz city increase the risk of land vulnerability in these areas, making this area one of the most important flood-prone areas of Tabriz metropolis. The present study is of an applied type and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The aim of this research is to zone and investigate the vulnerability of different parts of urban lands to flooding and the factors affecting this risk in regions 5, 1 and 10 of Tabriz metropolis. The criteria and sub-criteria affecting the occurrence of floods were selected by experts and specialists, and then the MCDM multi-criteria decision-making model and the AHP analytic hierarchy process were used to zone the vulnerability of the lands of these areas and calculate the role of each of the aforementioned criteria and sub-criteria. Using the spatial analysis capabilities of Arc GIS software, the final layers of flood risk zoning and factors affecting flooding were prepared. By combining these layers, the final flood risk zoning map and identification of safe and vulnerable areas of the study area were determined. The research results show that 1 percent of the lands in the mentioned areas are in the very high risk zone, 17 percent are in the high risk zone, 30 percent are in the medium risk zone, 40 percent are in the low risk zone, and 3 percent are in the very low risk zone in terms of flooding.

The segregation along with the rapid growth of urbanization has become a main issue for the sustainability of megacities. With the increase in the role of industry, technology and knowledge, the division of work has taken place in Tabriz metropolis and the segregation in the structure of Tabriz metropolis has increased in this region. The purpose of the research is to investigate the intensity of spatial-economic segregation of occupational groups as a representative of the income component and the way of dividing occupational groups in the structure of the metropolitan area of Tabriz in 2011, using a phenomenological approach. The research method is quantitative-descriptive in terms of type, practical in terms of purpose. The data of the general census of population and housing in 2011, occupational data at the statistical level have been analyzed in two spatial and non-spatial modes. To measure the intensity of segregation of occupational groups through four classical single-group indicators and three local indicators. To analyze the functioning of the space of occupational groups at the level of Tabriz metropolis, the Kernel density method is used. The results indicate a moderate to low segregation of high and low occupational groups of classical indicators. In the middle occupational group, it shows a medium to high segregation (0.60). According to Moran's, the structure of occupational groups in the metropolis of Tabriz is clustered. Spatial pattern according to kernel for scattered polycentric high occupational group, polycentric middle occupational group, and low occupational group has a semi-circular and continuous pattern.

Because the presence of tourists can generate income for the people of a city or country, tourism development policy at the urban and national levels is of interest to policymakers. Tourist service offices usually have played an important role in this regard and this study was conducted to investigate the role of these offices on the development of tourism in Tabriz metropolis. Therefore, the present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method with a quantitative approach and documentary and field studies were used to collect data and information. The research area is the metropolis of Tabriz. The statistical population also includes; 1464 insured employees of travel agencies are licensed by the Municipality of Tabriz and worked in 122 travel agencies. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used and 304 people were selected as a research sample by simple random sampling. Spearman correlation test and structural equations in pls software were used to analyze the data and information. The results showed that among the indicators of the number of travel agencies in Tabriz metropolis, the performance of travel service staff, knowledge and skills of travel service staff, empowerment of travel service staff, use of travel service IT and attracting tourists at the level Alpha 0/01 There is a positive and significant relationship and these factors have a positive and undeniable effect on tourist attraction by travel agencies in the study area. Also, in terms of influencing tourist attraction in the studied geographical area, the performance of office workers with a beta of 0/269, knowledge and skills of office workers with a beta of 0/121, the use of information and communication technology with a beta of 0/701 have positive and significant effects. In attracting tourists in the metropolis of Tabriz.

Urban areas have undergone significant changes over time, which has led to the phenomenon of "urban climate change". This study aimed to investigate the role of climatic parameters in the formation of UHII using remote sensing techniques, with a case study of Tabriz metropolis, Iran. In this study, Landsat 8/9 satellite images were used to calculate land surface temperature (LST) and urban heat island intensity (UHII) and ERA5_Land reanalysis data for meteorological parameters for the spring and summer seasons of 2023. Split Window algorithm was used to calculate LST and UHII algorithm was used to check the intensity of urban heat islands. Also, statistical analyzes of linear regression and multi-criteria or multi-variable regression and Pearson's correlation were used for the relationship between UHII and climatic parameters. The results show that bare areas without vegetation, as well as areas close to industries and airports, have the highest surface temperature and UHII. On the other hand, areas with high building density and abundant green spaces have lower surface temperatures. Analysis of meteorological parameters shows that moving from west to east in the study area, air temperature and surface pressure decrease, while precipitation increases. In addition, the wind speed increases from west to east in spring and decreases in summer, while the surface solar radiation has been constant in both seasons of spatial induction.

Informal settlement is the prominently dominating factor which contributes urbanization and provides the city's poor people with housing. In fact, these settlements are unreasonable and disorganized agglomeration places for low income people who live in deprived areas of the cities. Given the importance of housing, especially in informal settlements, the current research intends to outline the changes in housing indicators from margin to context and vice versa, especially in informal settlements of Tabriz metropolis. A descriptive-evaluative methodology was used together with a field- documentary method applied for data collection. Here, in order to analyze the data and weighting of housing indicators (data layers), ANP model was used with Super Decision software. Also, GIS software was applied for generating maps. Additionally, the statistical community of the research included informal settlements of Tabriz metropolis. The findings together with consideration of changes in housing conditions for the statistical blocks of the informal settlements indicated that, of 1318 blocks, 43/17% didn't change, 14/19% changed from deprived category to wealthy, 7/36% changed from medium to wealthy level, 15/85% changed from deprived to medium level, 5/16% changed from wealthy to medium level, 7/21% changed from medium to deprived level, and 7/06% changed from wealthy to deprived category. Generally speaking, the results showed that, of all blocks, 37/4% promoted, 19/43% plummeted while 43/17% remained unchanged. Therefore, it could be contended that the housing indicators for informal settlements promoted, especially with a shift toward urban contexts.

The dispersed growth of the metropolis has caused that the towns around the metropolis are exposed to development and annexed to the cities. With the annexation of towns and cities, spatial relations have become complicated and suffered severe changes in terms of physical, economic, sociocultural and environmental aspects, and the metropolis of Tabriz is no exception to this rule. Por tanto, the main objective of the investigation is to identify and analyze the factors that affect the annexation of nearby towns in the metropolis of Tabriz. In this research, a descriptive-exploratory method and questionnaire survey were used. The statistical population of the research, urban and rural experts and specialists, selected 30 people. For data analysis, the method of structural equations was used using spss and Amos software. The results identified three latent exogenous constructs, namely, "internal factors", "adjacency to the metropolis" and "external factors", which show the main aspects of the integration of villages in the metropolis, among which are proximity factors a las metropolis tienen los mayores cargando con (γ=0,89). This study determined that parameters like economic factors, physical characteristics and sociocultural have the major impact in the neighborhood with the metropolis in terms of annexation of towns to the metropolis. The minor impact is related to internal factors in the villages. From the point of view of the experts, economic factors are effective in the annexation of towns to the city and make low-income people emigrate from different parts of the city to these parts and integrate these parts to the city. Por tanto, it seems that organizing the annexation of towns to the city can have a positive effect on the expansion and development of the metropolis of Tabriz

The development and intensification of marginalization and informal settlement around cities has been influenced by unequal political-economic relations at the global level, the weakness of national plans at the middle level, and urban planning at the micro level and in this regard, the city of Tabriz, like other big cities of Iran, has attracted a huge number of people from rural areas and sparsely populated cities.

The current research, from the point of view of the nature of the method, is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research is the residents of the marginal areas of Tabriz metropolis (Ghorbani, Silab, Heydarabad, Maralan, Sari-Zami, Akhme-Qiya, Akahre Taleghani, parts of Laleh, Ghazandaghi and Patogh neighborhoods). According to the census of Iran Statistics Center in 2015, it had a population of 309,581 people, and using Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as the research sample, and people who had sufficient information in this field were selected as the sample. Descriptive and inferential statistics (sample t-test, Kendall, factor analysis and structural equation technique) were used to analyze data and information.

The results show that the most important effective factors in intensifying and expanding marginalization in Tabriz metropolis are; 1) management and planning, policymaking and technology, 2) economic attractions, population growth and environmental hazards, 3) income inequality and access to jobs and facilities, 4) economic repulsions, place of origin and disputes ethnic, 5) socio-cultural repulsions of the previous residence, 6) the growth of the village population and the desire to migrate, and 7) finding a job and housing. Among them, the first and second factors are of special importance with the special value of 5.60 and 5.45, respectively. Among these, the first factors (management and planning, policymaking and technology) and the second (economic attractions, population growth and environmental hazards) with a special value of 5.60 and 5.45, respectively. are of special importance and the seventh factor is the least important with a special value of 1.51.

The results of the present research show the effect of various factors on the development and intensification of slum, in this regard, quantitative and qualitative factors should be considered in the intensification and expansion of marginalization in metropolitan cities.

Urban heat islands (UHIs) are a growing concern in metropolitan areas, leading to temperature differences between urban centers and surrounding areas due to various ecological, morphological, topographical, and demographic factors. Major Iranian cities have undergone rapid land-use transformations and expanding urbanization, facing the challenge of UHIs.

  This study investigates UHIs in Tabriz, focusing on District 1, Neighborhood 1 as the first area and District 6, Neighborhood 4 as the second area. The study employed Landsat 8 remote sensing images to analyze UHIs in Tabriz, Iran. The images were acquired for the summer season, representing the period of maximum UHI intensity. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated to assess vegetation cover, while land surface temperature (LST) was derived using the single-channel algorithm. Morphological indicators were extracted from OpenStreetMap data.Findings and

The study aims to extract, locate, and analyze UHIs in the study area using specific formulas and prepare relevant maps, focusing on ecological and morphological indicators. The minimum and maximum temperatures in District 1 were 15.88°C and 37.65°C, respectively, while in District 6, they were 24.11°C and 40.87°C. Analyzing the extracted maps based on the selected ecological indicators (vegetation cover, wind, solar radiation, and elevation) and morphological indicators (building height, building density, building façade, and building roofs) in both districts, we concluded that District 1 is cooler due to several factors: higher elevation, better reception of prevailing northeastern winds, more suitable street orientations, lower building heights (mostly one-story), and a higher prevalence of reflective roofs compared to District 6. Although District 6 has better vegetation cover and lower building density.

In today’s world, spatial duality, growth of poverty-stricken urban districts and urbanization of poverty are considered as key destabilizers of sustainable urban development. And spatial justice is of special importance among planners and geographers. As a result, recognition and discernment of such urban districts is a critical step for de-escalating poverty and inequality. The research methodology of the present study is descriptive-analytical. In the present study, spatial inequalities of districts of Tabriz metropolis is analyzed through utilization of analysis hierarchy process (AHP) with three main criteria of economy, urban physicality and population, which include 11 sub-criteria. According to the level of urban development, Tabriz metropolis is divided into five zones which are developed, relatively developed, medium developed, less developed and undeveloped. The findings of the study indicate the fact that there is a steep physical and class gap between undeveloped, less developed and other zones of the metropolis. Furthermore, quality and quantity of social, economic and physical criteria of undeveloped and less developed zones are lower than other zones. We believe that continuance of the present circumstances will exacerbate inequality and urban poverty, and endanger sustainable urban development. Therefore, it is necessary for urban management to take new steps in order to more desirable and better understand this phenomenon and to apply new and efficient solutions to reduce the effects and various aspects of poverty in the city and urban slums.

The right to the city is a human right that includes the city belonging to all citizens and their participation in urban affairs. The right to a city is to ensure equal opportunities and the proper distribution of services and facilities that can play an effective two-way relationship with good urban governance.The present study was applied in terms of type of purpose and in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method and library and field methods were used to collect data. The statistical population consists of citizens living in the metropolis of Tabriz, which according to the census of the Statistics Center in 2016 had a population of 1558693 people and 497898 households, which using the Cochran's formula, 337 citizens were selected as a sample. In the selection of citizens, people over 20 years of age were interviewed and cluster sampling method was used for sampling in ten metropolitan areas. Data were analyzed using one-sample t-test, mean, Kruskal-Wallis, geographical weight regression and path analysis. Indicators of the right to city theory at the level of Tabriz metropolis have various effects on the realization of good urban governance from the perspective of citizens. Thus, the indicators of acceptance of urban differences and contradictions with a value of 0.242 and freedom of activity in urban space with a value of 0.145 have had the greatest impact on the realization of good urban governance in the metropolis of Tabriz.

Rapid urbanization causes the number of problems for citizens and urban managers, which noted the need to adopt strategies and approaches to improve the condition. In the meantime, the concept of quality of life was developed to assess the condition in cities. The quality of life as a multidimensional concept in the economic, social, physical, and other dimensions has been discussed and utilized at various levels and scales. In this research, with the aim of measuring the quality of life in informal settlements of Tabriz, survey method has been used for this purpose. It can be said that the mental attitude of quality of life dominates this research, which Satisfaction and mental opinion of the residents are the basis of work. One-sample T-test and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that the average of all dimensions of quality of life is lower than the average, and the only socio-cultural factor is higher than the average. Also, the average total quality of life is 2.82, lower than the average, which reflects the poor quality of life in these neighborhoods. Based on path analysis, the economic dimension with 0.685 has the greatest impact on the quality of life in these neighborhoods. It can be said that any planning for these neighborhoods will be done taking into account different dimensions, in order to be effective.

The principles of compatibility are one of the important principles of urban planning and especially the use of urban land, which failure to comply with this problem causes problems such as depriving the residents of a region of comfort and life. The number of users in urban spaces. The location of this type of use should be the principles of functional urban land planning to avoid the mentioned problems.Therefore, the research carried out deals with the organization of disturbing urban jobs on the constitutional boulevard and a part of Atar Neishabouri street (Emamieh, Payam Noor University, Tabriz center). The work process is as follows: after selecting the study area, using ARC GIS software, we produced a map of the study area. Then, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), firstly, criteria related to By organizing nuisance jobs, we got a city.To perform this method by forming a matrix, we obtained the final weight by using a pairwise comparison for each of the criteria using the EXCEL software environment. According to the data obtained from the analysis of criteria and options, car services is the most important user in order to organize users in the study area with a final weight of 0.016 due to the increase in users dependent on this type of service. is identified.

Nowadays, resilience has become an important concept in scientific research and political discourses, and it is considered a basic approach in facing all kinds of crises and risks in cities. Also, due to the locality of crises and their effects, planning and managing resilience on a local scale is considered one of the basic principles. Considering the importance of resilience at the local scale, the present research was written with the aim of evaluating the implementation of the principles of resilience and streamlining of risk management at the local scale of Tabriz metropolis. In this regard, the research method is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of analytical-exploratory nature, in order to analyze information, were used logarithmic regression model, VIKOR multi-criteria decision making model and Shannon's entropy weighting method. The statistical population of the research also includes managers and city officials involved in the field of crisis management, and the size of the statistical sample was determined using the targeted Delphi method of 100 people. The findings of the research show that out of the 9 investigated components, only two components of financial considerations and participatory management with beta coefficients of 0.652 and 0.617 are significant at the confidence level of 0.95 and have been realized. On the other hand, among the investigated components, the most unfavorable situation was the components of knowledge management and accountability and recovery. Also, it is recommended to implement the principles of resilience and streamline risk management only in the 2nd, 5th and 9th districts of Tabriz metropolis. Therefore, it can be said that the implementation of the principles of resilience and streamlining of risk management at the local scale of Tabriz metropolis has an unfavorable situation and we need strategic planning in this field.

The city of Tabriz, which has the fastest urban growth in the northwest of the country, is one of the largest cities in Iran in terms of population, economic activity, industry and transportation options. Public transportation and industry combustion and lack of proper filtration of these industries, such as thermal power plants, has led to increased air pollution in the city. For this purpose, the present study tries to use input variables (distance from industrial centers, humidity, temperature, population density, distance from commercial centers, distance from bus stations, distance from educational centers, vegetation changes, distance from free Roads, building density, wind direction, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide) to assess air pollution using artificial neural networks in the metropolis of Tabriz. In the present study, the independent variables affecting the distribution of pollution probability in two models of multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) and linear regression were tried to be defined by defining measures in urban management and influencing and planning the mentioned variables. Improve pollution control.The results show that the major pollutants are mostly suspended particles (PM10), gas (CO2), (SO2) and (NOx).The dispersion of airborne particles is mostly due to vehicle traffic, industrial activities, fuel combustion of diesel engines and construction and the need to generate more electricity.-The activities of thermal power plants, Tabriz refinery and domestic and commercial heating systems are also among the factors producing SO2 and the highest CO2 production is related to the fuel of gasoline-burning vehicles. The intensity of the increase in the amount of this pollutant in all selected stations in the autumn and winter seasons is much higher, so that in these seasons the pollutants reach more than twice the allowable level.The share of Tabriz air pollutants can be divided into three general categories, the most important of which is the thermal power plant and transportation.