جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "women's participation" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

Along with rural development, women are always interested in participating in the labor force in non-agricultural activities and the service sector in society. This society consists of uninterrupted paths and networks drawn by people in space. The space-time path is the main charter of time geography and the obstacles and time-space constraints in the employment path of rural women in Varzeqan county is an issue that the present study has analyzed. The research is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. A total of 45 women were selected to participate in the survey and answer multiple-choice questions (Likert scale) and 25 of these participated in in-depth qualitative interviews. The interviews were purposeful and the sample size was selected through Convenient Sampling. In the qualitative part, the method of "guided introspection research" using MAXQDA 20 software was used. In the quantitative part, SEM using the PLS method with Smart PLS software was used., as the main themes in the space-time constraints of rural women's participation Were recognized in the workforce. "Vital space" in terms of leading rural women in the time-space charter to low-paying jobs; "The ideology of the man as breadwinner (gender stereotypes)" means the man as the main provider of the family's economic livelihood and the woman's dependence; "Time-space crisis conditions" in the sense that women are seen as a potential reserve labor force are the most important constraints on the participation of rural women in the labor force in thetime geography .

In recent years, attention has been paid to the participation of rural women in rural management. However, the entry of women into the field of rural management faces a significant delay. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to analyze the barriers of rural women's tendency to participate in rural executive management in the villages of Zanjan County.  Documentary and field methods were used for the descriptive and analytical study to collect data. The statistical population of this research were two levels of local people (319 sample people) and local managers (26 people). The results of Friedman's test showed that from local people’s perspective, institutional and organizational barriers with an average rank of 3.32 and economic and financial barriers with an average rating of 2.72 were the highest and lowest causes. On the other hand, analyzing the local managers’ ideas showed that institutional and organizational barriers with an average rating of 3.47 and informational and communication barriers with 2.57 are the most and least causes of women's non-participation in village management. The results of the factor analysis test showed that, from local people’s point of view, there are individual and personality factors, social and cultural environment, institutional, organizational, informational, communicational and economic factors and from the point of view of local managers, there are social and cultural environment factors, individual and personality, institutional and organizational factors. Informational and communicational and financial factors were the most important barriers. The results showed that there were many barriers in the tendency of rural women to participate in the executive management of villages.

In this study, an attempt is made to analyze the dimensions of the role of women's rights in the urban space. Due to the nature of the subject, addressing the issue of presence and participation from the perspective of women's rights and not just the dimensions of the quality of urban space is one of the innovative aspects of this research. For this purpose, through interviews and questionnaires, random sampling method was performed on 200 women referring to Jomhuri Eslami Street and the required data were collected. The type of research is applied and the analysis is done by quantifying qualitative data using SPSS software. Accordingly, two categories of measures focused on the requirements of women's presence and participation and the diversity of women's presence and participation in urban space were questioned. Based on the results, it was found that, firstly, the score of the criteria attributed to women's rights (which indicates the requirements for the presence and participation of women in urban space) is higher than the score of criteria attributed to the right to difference (which indicates the need for a diverse range of women in space). Second, there is a significant relationship between age, marital status, level of education and length of stay in space with the right to the city. In most of the questions, the women respondents admitted that they face serious restrictions on being in public. Using path analysis for factors related to women's rights and participation was identified and two measures of diversity of presence of people with the aim of spending leisure time, women's spaces are the least effective. On the other hand, the four measures of diversity of current activities in space, security, proper lighting of the space at night and the absence of hidden spaces,

The present study, in a local settlements sustainable development framework, has a systematic and holistic overview of promoting women's participation in the development of economic and social activities in the Tarom area; It intends to identify factors affecting women's participation and the development of local settlements (urban and rural), and the degree of importance of each factor. In this descriptive- analytical research, views of 391 households in 24 settlements were randomly studied. Statistical analysis and qualitative study shows that family and individual abilities of women, and the capability of agricultural and non-agricultural beneficiary households have provided an effective participation of women in economic and social activities in the study area, rather than supportive and guidance policies of political system. Thus, technical training for women, giving official documents to obtain a license for establishing agricultural processing industries, self-employment loans, and paying attention to the role of women in rural-urban settlements development planning process are recommended.

Today, the mentality should be revised that a village is an atmosphere bounded in a special place with a set of economic and geography circumstances. A better understanding of rural features requires a deeper understanding of our rural areas where social relations and gender relations are well understood. Rural areas, like other geographic areas, are highly generized spaces and all behaviors and actions reflect attitudes, beliefs and opinions concerning the status, roles and responsibilities of both sexes. The role of women in Iran has been a relatively traditional one due to the strong cultural customs. The process of Development has caused many changes in social relations in rural areas. These changes are more significant in women's role and status. This Research relies on gender analysis in order to identify the impact of geographic areas of villages on the attitude towards women and their participation. The method used in this research is descriptive-survey research and data is gathered through questionnaires. Reliability of the Questionnaire was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha that was calculated 0.88 for women's participation, 0.93 for men’s attitudes towards women's working and 0.90 for women's attitudes towards their working. The statistical society were men and women living in rural villages and rural districts of Moreedan rural district of Langerood county located in the North of Iran and Hooly rural district of Paveh in Central Iran. These districts have different types of livelihood, such that Moreedan rural district of Langerood county located in the North of Iran which has an agricultural base, relies on Rice and Tea cultivation and Hooly rural district of Paveh in Central Iran has nomadism as their main livelihood. From the total statistical population, 124 family from Moreidan in Langeroud Township and 106 households from Hooly rural district in Paveh were selected randomly by Cochran Formula. With the understanding that a diversity of standpoints often exist with regard to the effects of a geographical space, an effort was made to capture input from a broad range of places and groups, including villagers of varied ages and both genders, and with different occupations, concerning attitudes towards women's participation. In addition, many informal interviews and discussions were held with the residents concerning their feelings about women's participation and their status in the family and the society. In addition, on-site observations were conducted of people's daily activities. The overall purpose of the research was to elicit the attitudes of rural communities towards a variety of issues related to their opinion about women's duties and rights and their experience of involvement in economic and social activities. The questionnaire was primarily based upon a 64 item, 5-point Likert scale, which addressed the following themes linked to the alleged challenges of gender relations: _ Attitudes towards gender duties and rights and their relationship with the involvement of rural women in rural activities, _ Explore the effect of the geographical factor on the community’s attitudes towards women's participation in economic and social activities, _ The relationship between women's self consciousness and their motivation for attending the skill training classes and also between men’s willingness for women's participation in different activities in rural areas, and _ The relevance of the cultural and socio-economic factors in successful participation of women in the two different geographical spaces. Test results and analysis in SPSS showed that there is a significant difference between women's attitudes in Langerood and Paveh towards their social rights and duties. Also there is a significant positive relationship between positive attitudes of women towards themselves, Women’s willingness to participate in training classes, willingness and positive attitude of men towards women with the Variable of women’s participation. In addition, a significant difference between the positive attitudes of men towards women’s activities in the two cities was seen and this leads to a significant difference in women's participation in social and economic activities in Moreedan and Hooly rural districts.in Moreedan and Hooly rural districts. So we can conclude that the positive opinion of men about women's duties and rights as well as the worth of their daily work has a great effect on successful participation and partnership of women in the rural areas. Thus we suggest that for all gender-based programs, it is necessary to prepare the rural space and change the gender relations through training and improve men’s awareness. Considering the geographical differences between the studied areas leading to two different types of livelihood, the hypothesis of this study based on differences in attitudes towards women’s participation and work was confirmed.