جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مرکز پیرامون » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Despite having abundant wealth, power, and resources and making great efforts to bring about regional balance, there is a deviation from spatial equality in Iran’s structure, which has led to the establishment of center-periphery structure as the dominant model in Iran. This structure has been created due to many factors, forces, and currents. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a theoretical model of spatial inequality in Iran using Lynham’s theorizing method. There were five steps in the application of this method. In the first method, i.e., conceptualization, the theoretical model was developed using meta-synthesis method and MAXQDA software. The obtained model entailed a host of concepts and components. These included  context-based  theory-driven discourse, centralization and making the periphery dependent, the reverse results of development plans, unequal power relations, inequality of benefits and wealth (economic inequality), inappropriate policymaking and management, weak local and regional management as opposed to central power, unbalanced distribution of population and activity in geographical spaces, and unbalanced distribution of natural resources. These concepts, grouped into ideological, economic-political, and contextual discourses, have created spatial inequality and center-periphery relationship in Iran.

The geographic location of Iran and its large sections on the global dry belt have made water a major concern. Meanwhile, Zanjan province as one of the internal space units in the past few years has faced numerous problems in the field of water resources. Reduction of water volume, subsidence of plains, decrease of groundwater and also negative changes in Caspian basin and central basins as two important watersheds related to this province, to water issue and political, social, economic and biological consequences - The environment in this province has been very important. In this regard, the present study uses a descriptive-analytical methodology to assess the management of water resources in Zanjan province in two dimensions: "having power institutions" and "status of the province in the upstream document of the country's plan". The results indicate that among the institutions related to the water domain, such as the Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Interior, none of the ministers during the various periods of government in Iran was from Zanjan province. In addition, Zanjan province is located in the upper reaches of the country, as a marginal area under the central core of Tehran. The collection of these two processes has led to the imposition of policies related to water resources from the center to the province. Due to centralization and lack of attention to localism, these policies have failed to make efficient planning for Zanjan province water resources management.

The paper is intended to introduce and propose “digression theory”. The theory is capable of explanation and prediction of the regional system and all kind of social-political institution, system or coalition. Division/digression theory can predict the ultimate of systems and organizations according to some specific indexes. Particularly, the aim of the theory is explanation of the divergence challenges in regional systems as a geographical coalition. Digression theory has recognized the necessity and circumstances of an organ/member dividing from a coalition with introducing of logical hypothesis. Also, it has provided a logical criterion to study, explain and predict the present and future terms of regional systems by commencing principles, hypothesis, indexes and factors, analysis unit and scales. Below questions can be answered by the logical criteria of digression theory: How and why is made a digression or secession in a regional system? How can be predicted the future of a system in according of its behaviors? Which indexes, settings and positions can fortify an organ/member into dividing from a system? Which instances prove the developments along with the theory? What future can be predicted to the present regional systems with referencing to the digression theory? The paper is a fundamental research from the point of typology and from the purpose is a theory making (theorizing) in order to problem resolving (mental and philosophical problem) one. The analysis of paper is based on logical and epistemological theorem and reasoning. The paper’s references are absolutely improvisation.
Result and Digression theory has two main principals as follows:Extension and Secession: according to this principal all kinds of systems or organizations will be encountered by secession as well as extension. In other words, the bigger in quality and quantity, the bigger in separation and breaking. Increasing in the space and possibilities in an organization or system brings hardest competitions among the organ or members. Members of a system attempt to achieve in top of the hierarchy order and as a central positionality dominate on others. By increasing in tension and competition, the space of dividing and making of independent system is prepared.
Stability: This principal theorizes that foundation of systems determine the quality of their stability. From this perspective, all kind of systems are made from three foundations:1- Economic Oriented Systems (Systems are made from materialistic and economic indexes);
2- Security Oriented Systems (kind of systems which military and protective issues have made them);
3- Cultural Oriented Systems (coalition and organizing based on religion, thought, rituals and ideological commons).
The last one (cultural oriented systems) is the most stable, conservative and diehard among other three system foundations. Religion as a cultural system is the best example of stable cultural systems from the past to the present.
Division/digression theory has two fundamental hypotheses as follows:Philosophical hypothesis: Digression theory is based on primordial human nature. This nature in Islamic philosophy is called by “human as liberation entity”. According to this nature, human being cannot stand domination. This covenant is significant in that it asserts that an understanding of the origin of man is something deeply inherent to and natural within every person. Any disconnection from this memory is referred to as being ‘forgetful’ within the scripture, Hadith literature and commentary. The Quran constantly implores people to recall and remember. Scholars suggest that the call to remember throughout the Quran is in fact a call to remember this particular moment in their spiritual history. Suggestions are also made that where people recognize people with ease, it is usually as a memory from this event. There are many scholarly perspectives taken on the significance of this covenant. It is understood as marking the beginning of human consciousness with mankind making their first conscious response to the divine question 'Am I not your lord?'. Some also see it as being relevant to the Islamic principle of unity as the entirety of mankind was said to have been assembled on the plane on this date. Logical hypothesis: Reasonable and logical assumes of the theory are such as bellows: existing of a central-periphery structure, being of relatively hegemonic relations in the structure, will and power to division and digression, possibility and feasibility of dividing and digression, ex-systemic relations and moods, an aggressive organ or member. Centre-periphery orders bring some disputes and tensions between the members of a system. By increasing in central domination some of the members with feasible indexes decide to be divided, indexes like strong economy and capitals, political parties and structures, historical-cultural wealth, outer systemic relation and interest in other members in other systems and finally, third outer systemic member intervention. The historical examples like Islam Prophet dividing Pre-Arabic system and Iranians dividing Pro-Arabic system are some most instances of digression. According to the digression theory, it is predicted that along with Qatar, states such as Kuwait, United Arab Emirates and Oman will be divided from Persian Gulf Council Corporation (GCC). Also, in European Union along with Britain other states will be separated such as Poland, Italy, Spain, Belgium and Norway.

In present time that we tstify inreasing development of the world`s countries,it seems that awareness of development conditions in iran for advancing development goals and attendiing at global competitons fields is necessary. Iran,like other develping countries which had some experienced the development straegies,also observed economical and social gaps more apparetly specifically by adopting development strategy and policy programs. Regarding the importance of the subject,thies paper tries to examine the land development level of Iranian provinces using taxonomy, and Moris models as well as to examine the provinces conditions in terms of inequality level in prospering developmental donations using standard in terms of inequlity level in prospering developmental donations using standard point technique.finally,probability percent of influence of selected factors in increased level of land development of Iranian provinces has been measred and evaluated using Logit and probit models. Results indicate theat regarding the procedure and approach domiating spatial order of the country (centr-periphery),the undeveloped provinces have minaly included the border provinces of the country. According the logit model results, urbaniztion, industrial centralization, and literacy are among the important factors which their increased level will increase the land development coefficient probability.