جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نابرابری توسعه » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Inequality is an important feature of Third World countries. The dimensions of inequality in various economic, social, political and cultural spheres are debatable. Therefore, reducing deprivation and inequality due to economic, social, cultural and political consequences is important and noteworthy. Hence, one of the basic needs and challenges of development planners and economists to get rid of poverty traps and social deviations, which are among the phenomena that are closely related to each other, is to identify the situation and development.The purpose of this study is to study the development of agriculture, health, education and transportation in Kurdistan province and the ranking of these cities according to the development indicators of the studied sectors and determining the most privileged and deprived Most cities and show the priorities of agricultural development, health, education and transportation in the province. In this study, 93 indicators were collected in four sections using a review of sources: agriculture, health, education and transportation, then the weighting of the indicators was done using the McGranahan method and finally the counties were ranked using the TOPSIS method was determined and values were compared using Morris method. The results of TOPSIS showed that there is a significant difference between the degree of development of the cities of Kurdistan province and Sanandaj city is in the first rank and Sarvabad city is in the last rank.

Identifying and studying facilities and capabilities and Followed by determine the level of agricultural development, the first step in the planning process and the development of agriculture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the agricultural development situation in Qaratureh Dehestan and ranking these villages in terms of having to agriculture development indicators and determination the most advanced and the deprived and showing agricultural development priorities in region. In this study by using of resources and field studies are obtained 47 indicators of agricultural development, then was determined weight indicators by using the entropy and finally the villages were ranked by using the TOPSIS method. Then by using Morris model, a comparison was adjusted. Population was all farmers in 27 villages Qratoreh Dehestan (N=2800) that by using stratified sampling method with Proportional allocation a sample to size 338 was selected in base Morgan table. The results TOPSIS showed that the villages of district according to development coefficient (Ci+) were classified to three levels of developed (3 villages), developing (11 villages), and least developed (13 villages), were classified. Also, to explaining the amount of disparities in various aspects of agriculture development was calculated dispersion coefficient for each section. Results showed that most disparities villages’ respective is related to water resources and irrigation sectors and animal. Research limitation: Because of to lack some information, were excluded a number of important indicators. Practical implication: According to Qaratureh Dehestan is agricultural center. Can be whit natural resource management and manpower training specialist, Combination of agriculture (Combination of livestock beside agronomy and garden) that cause improve livelihood applied and income when you apply one of these three is stagnating and improve agriculture.Original/ value: Applications of this research, is to help in the distribution agricultural credit among the rural districts of the country.

One of the major challenges of rural development in Iran can be inequality in local levels and between rural settlements. The gap among villages of the country is so great that many of them absorb more services and are converted into cities or small towns. Some others lose their population and became uninhabited or are about to depopulation. Hence, local development planning requires identifying development level of rural settlements. This research has attempted to measure socio-economic development level of the village in central district of Koohdasht county. It also has analysed the relationship between development level of villages and rural districts with different natural conditions, population, distance from center of the county and the villages with nomadic characteristic. This is an applied and descriptive- analytical research. The sample size consists of 131 inhabited villages in central district of Koohdasht County. On the basis of literature review, 17 social and 19 economic indicators have been defined. Required data have been gathered via referring to district offices, rural health network and so on, also by field study through completing rural questionnaire via local key informants (members of rural councils and etc). After releasing indicators from various scales with dividing by average and weighting to them on the basis of factor analysis (first principle component) method the socio-economic development level composite indicator (CI) has been determined. Statistics like mean, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, coefficient of correlation, independent samples T test, ANOVA (variance analysis), and Tukey test have been utilized for data description and analysis. To this end, we have used SPSS and Excel applications. Coefficient of variation for composite indicator (CI) of socio-economic development (up to 0.46) has indicated that except few studied villages that are in the top of ranking in regard of socio-economic development level, most of them are placed at less developed or underdeveloped position. In other words, considering the average of CI (about 16) in comparison with its maximum (about 38) implies that CI’s is low in most of the rural settlements in the area. Therefore, it can be discussed that amongst 131 studied villages, 24 percent are categorized as developed and relatively developed and 74 percent are as less developed and under developed. This number for north Koohdasht rural district (about 5 percent) implies its worst condition between 3 sub districts. ANOVA test has also approved significance (less than 0.001) of difference between three sub districts and Tukey’s test implies that real variance can be seen between north Koohdasht and two other rural districts (significance less than 0.001). Furthermore, natural position of the villages has affected their socio-economic development level (significance less than 0.001). The Tukey’s test indicates that real variance can be seen between mountainous- forestall villages with the other types (plain and mountainous- plain villages). Pearson’s Coefficient of correlation between development level of the villages and their distance to center of county has also approved negative and significant relation between the two variables (correlation = -0.503, significance less than 0.001). In other words, with increasing the distance to county center, development level of villages will decrease. The test between villages’ population and development level has confirmed the relation of the two variables (correlation = 0.464, significance less than 0.001), so that with increasing the population size of the settlement the development level shows an increase. The same test has approved positive and significant relation between levels of social development with economic one (correlation = 0.413, significance less than 0.001). In other words, all the villages with high level of social development have high level of economic development too. Moreover, comparing the means between nomadic and non-nomadic villages indicate that there is significant difference among the two types in regard to development level (T test value= 3.898, significance= 0.000). Discussion and Research results have approved inequality between studied villages and the rural districts in socio- economic development level. Therefore, adopting decentralized strategies, balanced allocation of resources and investments seems necessary for reducing the mentioned inequalities. To this end, using down-top approaches, emphasizing on peoples participation in the process of need assessment, identifying development priorities, planning, implementing an evaluation of local development plans and projects can be useful choices. Hence, considering low development level in north Koohdasht villages, it can be recommended that these villages must be put in the priority in regard of planning and action for socio-economic investments. As the research results have approved, with the low development level of the nomadic rural settlements of the area, these kinds of villages must be in the priority in local development plans. It is necessary that decision making, planning, and implementing efforts must be harmonized with the nomadic characteristic of these settlements. Selecting appropriate service delivery systems in the framework of rural settlements hierarchical position can be useful. Furthermore, in order to improve the socio-economic indicators and diversify income resources of the villages, encouragement and reinforcement of governmental and private investments are necessary.