جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ICT » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Over time, cities have sought to increase the welfare and quality of human life and, recently, to preserve the environment through the agricultural, industrial, and technological revolutions. In the 21st century, information and communication technology has become necessary for urban development and planning to improve the quality of life and place. According to the new urban paradigm, using innovative systems, including creating ubiquitous cities with smart convergent systems, is a solution to overcome these urban problems. The ubiquitous city is one of the future cities where physical spaces and electronic spaces converge. This research is of a descriptive-analytical and review type to investigate and analyze the approach of ubiquitous cities in the information and communication technology age. The analysis shows that a ubiquitous city consists of space, place, information and communication technology, and people. The difference between this approach and the old approaches in urban planning is the adoption of information and communication technology as a means of change in the city. This city has specific effects on the city with four social, economic, spatial, and organizational dimensions. In line with dimensions, they are implementing democracy in a real way by creating participation among citizens, determining information and communication technology as a driver and engine of economic growth, removing time and place restrictions, rejecting the central place theory and an approach that both compact and sprawl forms are capable of development. From an organizational point of view, it also helps to balance the city's three social, economic, and spatial dimensions. Therefore, according to the key capabilities of information and communication technology, it is necessary to pay attention to the ubiquitous city approach, especially in capital cities, because it leads to the possibility of solving many problems, including transportation traffic, environmental pollution, and increasing economic competitiveness..

This research was done in order to introduce the new approach of ubiquitous cities with descriptive-analytical method and using data collection in document-library format. The review of international and domestic studies with regard to the ubiquitous cities approach, shows the definitions, dimensions, indicators, elements and management strategies of this approach.

The basic framework of this article is based on the review of international and domestic studies following the ubiquitous city approach, definitions, dimensions, indicators, elements, and management strategies. The findings show that the effects of the ubiquitous city can be investigated in four dimensions of sustainable urban development, including economic, social, spatial, and organizational development. In terms of economy and economic growth, the ubiquitous city is jointly called the engine of economic growth due to the combination of technology and construction industries. South Korea's experience in this field shows that after the Asian economic crisis in 1997 and after the world economic crisis in 2008, in both cases, innovative urban development models were used as solutions to solve the crisis not only at the city level but also at the national level. Socially, in the ubiquitous city, the amount of social preparation, information literacy to use the technologies used in these cities and the services that must be provided must be planned. Issues related to independence, privacy, security, trust, affordability, access, and participation in the benefits of these technologies, infrastructure, and services are significant. What is expected in the ubiquitous city socially is that ubiquitous city projects should be a stimulus for change in participation in urban development that provides an opportunity to implement democracy in a real way. From a spatial point of view, developments outside and different from other principles and thoughts of urban planning are implemented in the ubiquitous city. Suppose the wide and longitudinal city was less effective in the past today. In that case, the ubiquitous city is the only urban form due to its characteristics of eliminating time and space. The issues related to urban compactness or dispersion have yet to be discussed. In other words, a ubiquitous city includes both dense and scattered urban forms. On the other hand, ubiquitous city rejects some urban planning theories, including the central place theory. In this city, issues related to the centrality of science lose their credibility; because it is possible to communicate and receive services from any point of the city without the time and place restrictions. From the organizational point of view, providing services, infrastructures, technologies, and management systems that support the development of the ubiquitous city provides a lot of confidence and capabilities for city managers. Also, creating a balance between three social, economic, and spatial approaches is one of the other key organizational tasks in the ubiquitous city.

Examining the experiences of humanity in the direction of moving towards human development, especially urban development, shows that different approaches have been taken in different periods. What has recently made people focus on cities more than ever before is the discussion of sustainable development. On the other hand, the huge concentration of population in urban areas has added to this importance. Moving from sustainable development to green growth, carbon dioxide reduction, balanced development, virtual city, electronic city, smart city, and the ubiquitous city shows the issue's importance in the contemporary era. The use of information and communication technology has made the ubiquitous city approach different from previous approaches. This technology has caused fundamental changes in the attitude towards urban and even global issues and challenges. When information and communication technology is mentioned in the city context, it includes a set of urban infrastructures, architectures, software, computing and data analysis systems, and systems hardware sets throughout the city that are wireless or networks connected. These technologies are exerted to identify, receive, collect, store, process, combine, analyze, generalize, model, simulate, manage, exchange, and share data to control, understand, explore, and plan modern cities to achieve particular goals. The ubiquitous city's foundation depends on information and communication technology and has specific components and requirements. A certain level of information technology and telecommunication infrastructure is among the foundations of the ubiquitous city. Other technologies and tools are also used in this city according to the needs. The use of big data, cloud computing, supercomputers, advanced fiber optic, satellite infrastructure, etc. are prerequisites for realizing this city. In practical terms, this city's core is the geographic information system and global positioning system. These two technologies are the link between human-human, human-object, and human-city. Regarding the theories behind this approach, the theory of sustainable development and information and communication technology plays a fundamental role. These two theories have influenced many aspects of urban life regarding the built environment, urban system, urban services, and urban forms. The central assumption in this field is that ubiquitous city development is a form of experience and practical implementation through interdisciplinary and specialized knowledge. More precisely, a ubiquitous city as a development approach involves and combines many scientific and theoretical fields from different sectors. In other words, a ubiquitous city is a technology-oriented approach to the future city with extensive capabilities and excessive attractions using the expansion of innovation in various scientific and technological fields. This approach is so broad that scientific research can only cover some related fields. However, the scientific view of urban planning shows that this approach has many effects on human-human, human-object, and human-city relations.

Today, in the field of cities and urbanization, the information society paradigm is emphasized as a new and dominant paradigm, and it applies its nature through information and communication technology and virtual space, and today's city is defined by two inseparable physical and virtual characteristics according to the information society has done the purpose of the current research is to firstly create a logical insight into knowledge and what is the information age and its possible effects on cities, and secondly to examine the situation of Tehran city in terms of hybridization indicators. The current research method is descriptive and analytical; In this regard, while analyzing the nature of the information age using library studies, this nature has been put to the test through the field method (providing a questionnaire to the mayors of 22 regions) and analyzing the content of four of the upstream projects of Tehran. The results of library studies indicate that cities will undergo fundamental transformation and changes in terms of content and physicality in different social, economic, physical and management sectors and the city space will move towards hybridization. The results of field studies show that the content of none of the plans related to the metropolis of Tehran have not been compiled in accordance with the components of the information age; Also, from the point of view of municipalities, regions 3, 1 and 22 are ranked first to third in terms of having the components of the information age.

The implementation of the smart city requires a change in the governmental (institutional) and managerial structure. The government must engage with the private sector and civil society to enforce its rulings. The government must regulate the rules in such a way that these interactions take place. Therefore, creating good urban governance is considered as the most important factor in creating smart cities. The purpose of the smart city is to improve the quality of life of citizens and improve productivity and quality of services provided. (Luis M. Correia & et.al, 2011: 7). The development of effective e-government is a prerequisite for the development of smart cities and a way to establish good urban governance (Taewoo Nam & Theresa A. Pardo, 2011: 22). There is a lack of proper planning to create a smart city and efforts to increase smart quality services in Tabriz Municipality. There is no adequate infrastructure and planning in investing in the development of ICT. The budget is not commensurate with the capital needed to develop information and communication technology. The municipal subdivisions are carrying out sporadic projects with a short-term vision and hope that by continuing this method and entrusting the projects to private sector contractors, the city will be made smarter.

In this study, 376 questionnaires have been completed to examine the effective variables of Tabriz Municipality. Municipal experts have been selected by random cluster sampling.The questionnaire consists of two parts; the first part of the smart city items consists of 3 concepts and 28 questions. The second part of the items of good urban governance consists of 8 concepts and 40 items. In selecting the thematic concepts of smart city and good urban governance, the theories of experts, the goals of previous research and unique analyzes of third world cities have been considered. After extracting the components and identifying the items, the collected data were entered in SPSS software. Then the data analyzed in the LISREL software. The independent variable is smart city and the dependent variable is good urban governance.

In structural modeling in LISREL software, According to the Kaiser Criterion, Eigenvalues is a good criteria for determining a factor.  If Eigenvalues is closer to one, we should consider that a factor and if Eigenvalues is less than 0.3, then we should not consider that a factor.  According to the variance extraction rule, it should be between 0.3 to 0.6.  If variance is more than 0.6, then we should consider that a factor.According to the results, among the internal latent variables (dependent variable), the component of accountability with direct effect is 0.78, transparency with direct effect is 0.76, effectiveness is 0.69, participation with direct effect is 0.63, responsibility with direct effect is 0.60, justice With a direct effect of 0.56, consensus with a direct effect of 0.52, regularity with a direct effect of 0.50, respectively, have the most effects on the hidden external variable (independent variable) of the smart city. The response variable of the components of urban governance with a direct effect of 0.78  has been selected as the most effective variable in the smart city.The results of the respondents' analysis show that city officials have little accountability to citizens and projects are not based on responsiveness. The concepts of transparency and effectiveness are important after the concept of accountability and according to experts in the urban management of Tabriz have not received much attention.The results of the analysis show that good governance in urban management guarantees effectiveness, citizen participation, justice, consensus and ultimately the legitimacy of the urban complex. The mentioned factors have an effect on the good governance of Tabriz city, which according to the respondents does not have a suitable structure for their implementation in Tabriz Municipality. In the results, there is a correlation between the external latent variable (smart city) and its observed variables, the internal latent variables and its observed variables, as well as the correlation between the external independent variable (independent variable) and the internal independent variable components (dependent variable). Findings indicate significant numbers related to internal and external latent components and variables. There is also a significant correlation between the observed variables and the hidden variables. The significance of the numbers (t-value) is greater than 1.96.

The success of a smart city does not depend on capital and technology, but depend on community leadership and intra-group cooperation with good urban governance. The results of this study show that the condition for creating a smart city is good urban governance. ICT development is not possible unless urban management is committed to accountability, responsibility, efficiency, transparency, consensus, legitimacy, justice and participation.
It will be difficult to develop ICT and innovation in the city if the municipality continues to live without paying attention to the needs of the citizens through the sale of building density and the rent economy. This is more implied in the field of technology. Technology usually requires a lot of investment in infrastructure, which unfortunately is not tangible. Considering the direct impact of the components studied in this research, in order to escape the duality in understanding and implementation of the smart city, governance should become good governance. Therefore, introducing laws, transparency and accountability to citizens with a fair approach and obtaining collective opinion of people in participatory projects, will be effective in urban management. The lack of a systematic structure in urban management reduces the number of expert and specialized work in smartening the city and most projects fail. The precondition for accountability in urban management is the specialization of officials and the creation of specialized working groups. Working groups whose approvals are effective and reach the implementation stage.Cities in developing countries such as Tabriz can not create transparent, accountable, coherent and effective management by empty imitating modern technologies or technology imports. In Tabriz urban management, modernization (modernization) is pursued with a misunderstanding.  Modernization (modernism) and restructuring of management is not accompanied by it. This dual approach makes the components of smart city and good urban governance that were studied in this study, not successful in implementation.

According to a new urban paradigm using new innovative systems like crating ubiquitous city with smart convergent systems is a way to solve urban problems. The ubiquitous city is a future city in which physical spaces and electronic spaces are convergent. In terms of structural view ubiquitous city consists of space, ICT, and human. This research method is applied and descriptive analytic one. By reviewing the literature on 15 aspects and 77 indices are gathered and selected. Required data for research gathered through field study. Research result indicates that the distribution of indicators of Ubiquitous city in Tehran metropolitan is very inappropriate. The most significant shortage (More than 50 %) in Tehran metropolitan are in U-Health and care U-Governance, U-culture, and sports, U-education, U-housing, U-transportation, infrastructure, citizens, trade and finance aspects. In turn, U-facilities, U-environment, U-energy network, and U-water network are the only aspects that the distribution of indicators (More than 50 %) are appropriate. In general, dimensional classification showed that 13.33 percent of the dimensions were in an excellent condition, 13.33 percent in good condition, 20 percent in moderate condition, 40 percent in poor condition and 13.33 percent in deplorable condition. The existence of indicators also showed that 33.76 percent of the index is not available at all85% of the indicators are incomplete, and only 23.37% of the indicators are fully exhaustive — finally, the priority of indicators propose to the development of U-city in Tehran metropolis. the results of this research applicable for furthor transformation of Tehran to ubiquitous city.

Today, one of the most important measures of municipalities is the electronicity of urban services. The use of urban services has many benefits such as reducing air pollution, reducing traffic, reducing fuel consumption, reducing costs, accelerating the work and dozens of other benefits. Addressing these ICT discussions creates new opportunities for the municipality, while not paying attention to it in addition to losing opportunities can become a threat. Municipalities, as one of the organizations that provide the most services to citizens, can take effective steps to create cities and electronic citizens by electronicizing their services, as well as encouraging others to provide and use urban management services. This study was conducted in 2017. The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive survey. The collected data were obtained through field, library and descriptive data collection method. The sample size was determined to be 385 people using kressi and morgan decision making model table. The sample members were selected by available sampling method. The data collection tool is a questionnaire and the use of databases of internet sites. The questionnaires were distributed and completed among the citizens of The city of Semnan. One-sample t-test and binomial nonparametric test were used to investigate the hypotheses. The data were analyzed by SPSS software

Increased urbanization, population growth and socio-economic and environmental problems besides growth and development of ICT at the global level are the sign of the 21st century. The contradiction between economic growth and environmental protection, encountering ultra-modern citizens with industrial cities and lack of responsibility to current citizens has led to a smart sustainable city that thanks to ICT such as IoT following to solve mentioned problems. This paper beside introducing smart sustainable approach as a counterpoint to Neoliberal approach, assessing emergence, evolution, aspects, indices, and differences between similar approaches like smart city. This research from the view of aim is basic research and from the view of nature and research method is descriptive analytic one. The results of the research indicate that also there is no universal definition of smart sustainable city, but there is an agreement on the final goal to obtain sustainable development. The reason for this necessity is the third wave of sustainability and crisis of social, economic and environmental challenges in the context of the cities. Also, primary focus of these definitions is equity and social inclusiveness, quality of life, efficiency, flexible infrastructure, ICT and environment protection. Furthermore, there was such a futuristic gap in the definition of smart sustainable city that a new definition presented based on future study approach. In contrast to similar approaches, the core of the smart sustainable city is ICT and environment protection. Also, results shows that for implementation of this aprroah inaddtion to use theory of change, future study and systems theory, should consider the slogan of “think globaly and act localy” and localization of smart sustainable approach based on social, economic, political and futuristic condition of Iranian metropolises.

Tourism is a growing industry in recent years, with many positive economic benefits and benefits. For this reason, optimal marketing in this field and attraction of the audience is very important and, given the advancement of industry and technology in the present day, this marketing needs to be done through ICT, and the identification of the categories in this field is very important. High up. Accordingly, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the basic components of ICT in tourism marketing using structural equations of case study in Ardebil province. A sample of 385 experts, experts and experts of Ardebili were studied in a manner that The purpose of the research was to complete the researcher-made questionnaire. The results showed that 4 components of hardware, software, infrastructure of information and communication technology, knowledge management, expertise and innovation, and the variety of information technology application are the main drivers for the explanation of tourism marketing based on ICT. Are. Among the identified components, the category of infrastructure of information and communication technology has the most direct effect, as well as innovation and diversity has the most indirect effect, and in the identified components of the component can explain a large part of the tourism marketing variable. Based on the results, the designed model is an effective tool for identifying and evaluating the effects of tourism marketing components on the basis of ICT

Gender geographers suggest that the formation of sexual identity is made through place differences.On the other hand ICT with an international world full of unlimited resources is competing with traditional and environmental resources in formation of women’s sexual identity through modernism.Women in Ahvaz like other women in the world are not excluded and are challenging selecting their sexual identity through thousands of traditional and modern resources.

This study is trying to find out that today women’s sexual identity in different neighborhoods of This City is influenced by which resource and how does place or information technology and communication effect on their sexual identity.The nature of this study is applied -theoretical and its method is descriptive – analytical. The basis of this study is the Field of behavioral and gender geography.The data collection method is a researcher made questionnaire and it’s statistical Society are women over the age of 15 in Kianpars, Golestan, Manbaab neighborhoods

The results of various statistical tests such as Anova,Ttest, Tukey,… showed that the impact of information and communication technology on the sexual identity of women in the neighborhood is not the same and does not follow a specific pattern.But the place variable in this field acts as a moderator variable.Women’s sexual identity is more oriented towards modernity in places of higher levels of development (Kianpars).In second level neighborhoods (Golestan) women’s sexual identity does not show a dominant tendency towards modern or traditional and it is measured at the intermediate level and a combination of these two.But invert level places (Manba Ab) women’s sexual identity tents to oriented weakly towards being traditional.

Spatial values affect women's gender identity building.And the place plays a moderating role in the impact of women on ICT.

The city of Yasuj is one of the middle cities in the country which due to the lack of appropriate urban infrastructure has suffered problems such as traffic, noise, air pollution, lack of transparency, administrative bureaucracy, lack of parking, narrow streets, the location of passenger terminals inside and outside of the city, and so on. Moreover, it seems that ICT facilities and services in the city of Yasuj are not equally distributed among the districts, as some districts, in this case, seem to be more appropriate than others. Therefore, the present study seeks to evaluate and measure the level of electronic infrastructure in Yasuj, the impact and improvement of the quality of citizens' life, and the improvement of the performance of Yasuj municipality in the use of information communication technology infrastructure in Yasuj.

Now, the implementation of e-city's infrastructures and its realization at the cities’ level is one of the essential and significant aspects of sustainable urban development in contemporary urbanization. So, the consequences such as information and communication technology can play a more effective role in managing problems such as traffic, air pollution, and the increasing urban sustainable development. Also, decreasing the digital division between regional and urban areas, is one of the main goals of e-city, as the existence of a digital divide, is one of the important factors creating inequality in the present age.

Regarding the nature of the study, the descriptive-analytic method has been applied. The required data were obtained through a survey which were distributed among the citizens and experts. The data and information were analyzed through AMOS and SPSS as well as using GRA model. The statistical population of the research is the total population of Yasuj (114100 people) (Iranian Center of Statistics, 2011) among which the sample size of 320 people was estimated using Cochran's formula. The basis of the theoretical model is derived from the three variables of ICT at work, ICT at home, and the electronic municipality. These variables affect the satisfaction of ICT services and will lead to the adoption of ICT manifestations in the city of Yasuj.

The results of the analysis show that the mean of effective indicators in implementing the electronic city in Yasuj is less than 3. This amount indicates the poor status of ICT services and facilities in the electronic city of Yasuj. In this regard, using structural equation modeling the effectiveness of ICT indicators and the infrastructures of the e-city was investigated based on the six dimensions of approaching ICT services at the e-city at work and residential, having e-literacy, having the acceptance of ICT manifestations, optimizing the satisfaction of ICT services, the infrastructure of the e-city and the e-municipality. Besides, the measurement model shows that the factor loadings of all the obvious variables of the study were at an acceptable level. Therefore, the validity of the variables of the research has been verified. The variables related to the six variables have well been measured by the questionnaire items. Also, the questionnaire items have well been established and evaluated based on the dimensions of research. The structural analysis of the final model shows that the three variables of ICT at the residency, ICT in the workplace, and ICT technologies of e-city exacerbate the satisfaction of the ICT status very well. In other words, there is a significant relationship between the three variables with the satisfaction variable of communication and information technologies of e-city.

Finally, after analyzing the obtained data and information, it can be concluded that among the four areas of Yasuj, district 2 (with a coefficient of 0.962) has a better status than other areas in terms of ICT indicators due to the extreme concentration of the administrative centers, the economic centers, the banks, the financial and the credit institutions, the offices and the other internet services, including Internet cafes, etc. District 4 of the city has the highest digital division among other areas due to the residence of people with the low income and economic status, the distance to the city , and so on (with a coefficient of 0.410). Generally, district 2 with a coefficient of 0.962, district 1 with a coefficient of 0.490, district 3 with a coefficient of 0.460,  and the fourth district with a coefficient of 0.410 have the highest and lowest access and possession to the ICT indicators of the e-city. The investigation of the fitting status of the final model shows the factors affecting the realization of the e-city with the proposed criteria. The fitted model has been valid and accurate and has been able to explain the factors affecting the realization of the city. Eventually, the structural analysis of the final model shows that the three main indicators including ICT in residence, ICT at work, and ICT technologies in e-city have a directly positive impact on increasing the satisfaction of citizens from ICT indicators with 0.23, 0.46, and 0.29 betas, respectively. In other words, there is a significant relationship between these three variables and the satisfaction variable of communication and information technologies of the e-city.

The aim of present study is assess the digital divide among socioeconomic groups and also indicate role of ICT in the quality of life of citizens of Kianpars, Golestan and Ameri districts in Ahvaz. This research has been carried out with a descriptive - analytical method. The information needed to conduct this research was collected by the application of survey and Library method. The statistical population of research included citizens of Kianpars, Golestan and Ameri districts. Random stratified sampling method has been used in this study. Therefore, the sample size that calculated by using 'Cochran' formula is 340 persons. The data and information were analyzed by using SPSS and EXCEL. The findings show that particular groups of citizens or users of ICT in the areas studied proportional to the employment, income, age and education base have skilled more than other groups and there are significant mean differences in the use of ICT. But in terms of gender and marital status between men and women in terms of " ICT skills " also use of ICT there are no significant mean differences. In addition ICT has a positive and significant relationship with level of quality of life in these districts.

In the new paradigm of rural development, utilizing knowledge and information and accordingly instruments and technologies for transferring and interchanging knowledge is of utmost importance, and ICT is considered as a very important factor in sustainable development from many aspects. In this study, we investigated the role of ICT in developing rural communities of Yal-Abad and Ghardin villages. These two villages are located in Saveh district and despite the prospective role everyone considered for ICT in rural development, the economic, social and physical structures of these villages is not appropriate. Results show that despite having high potential in ICT development, the society has not experienced the benefits of ICT. Unsustainable rural structures have limited the growth of ICT.

What brings the city to the intelligence, planning and use of electronic tools to improve the quality of citizen’s lifety. Smart City aims to enhance the quality of urban life with emphasis of sustainable development. The idea of smart cities Considered in recent decades, but its components have not been fully recognized. Identify the components of the smart city infrastructure in urban management of Tabriz Municipality using descriptive - analytical. The first step to clarify the issue and to identify the components on the basis of literature research, 17 components were identified. Then, to prioritize the importance of these components, 10 IT professionals experts of Tabriz Municipality were questioned. Then, according to AHP model parameters were extracted. The results emphasize the importance of three categories of factors on smart city that include institutional factors, human resources and social capital and technology and information technology. In the second stage, for each category of factors and criteria, sub-criteria were identified. After completing 20 questionnaires from experts of Tabriz Municipality, each factor of sub-criteria evaluated in network analysis model. Result of model shows worth of technology with weight 147/0, human and social capital factors with weight 279/0  and management and policy, with weight 573/0. Sub-criteria analysis indicates the potential to become a smart city infrastructure and structural changes should be made an approach to the institutional factors. The network analysis Sub-criteria in the priority criteria relating to the institutional factors are as follows: structure of the municipality with the ideal rate 0.12 ranked first, the legal and contractual Municipality of 0.09 second and municipal performance in the use of specialized counselors 0.085 ranked third. Finally, with regard to the conceptual statements based on literature research and identify the underlying factors create smart cities. In this regard, the creation of urban good governance as an important strategy in the development of smart city platform in Tabriz city is under consideration.

Spatial citizenship is an approach to educate citizens in order to take advantage of modern information and communication technologies. Accordingly, a spatial citizen should be able to interpret and critically reflect on "spatial information"; communicate with the aid of maps and other "spatial representations" and to express the location-specific opinions using "Geomedia". Considering the expansion of the information and communication space, there is a pressing need to understand the features of this emerging concept and the specific strategies of participatory urban planning process based on the spatial citizenship approach. The research method in this study is descriptive and the documentary and review approaches have been used in the context of library studies, so that the contents were collected by referring to valid documents. Conceptually, spatial citizenship emanates from the individual and collective appropriation of the social space and supports individuals to obtain the necessary competencies for a way to have a more active participation in society. Spatial citizenship adds a spatial domain to citizenship education by combination of absolute, cognitive and relational concepts of space. In this approach, it is necessary to have skills and ability. The required competencies for spatial citizenship are: deconstruct the spatial information available from various sources, further ones, own visions of social space, being able to translate and communicate them with the help of geographical information. According to the case study, the proposed approach can play an effective role in the realization of strategic planning goals by educating citizens in such a way that it changes the nature of participatory urban planning.

The subject matter of this paper is to examine the role of information and communication technologies on urban transport management and organization in Tehran. The main aim of this investigation was to identify the studied area in terms of having access and the citizens of the possibilities of ICT, the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in urban transport systems and the relationship between information and communication technology choose handed examined. Based on these results, the residents of District 12 of Tehran Municipality in terms of the benefit of information and communication technologies (ICT) and urban transportation system is not in good condition. As well as the majority of the citizens of this region, believe that the information technology and the promotion of improved urban transport management, capacity building of roads and highways, stop wasting time, energy, cost, and went etc. Therefore, it is proposed the expansion of the electronic services and easy access and low-cost services to citizens and improve the condition of the transportation fleet no.

This study aims to identify and prioritize aspects and elements that explain the impacts of ICT development in rural areas. For this purpose¡ in this study a mixed approach was used. The approach combines qualitative (content analysis) and quantitative (Fuzzy MCDM) research methods. To do that¡ expert's opinions were collected by interview and analyzed qualitatively (using thematic analysis). The result of this step¡ was a list about areas of ICT application for economic¡ social and cultural development in rural communities. The final output of ths stage was presented in form of two models; "content map" and "content template" that are schematic view of identified components and their relationships. Then¡ the identified components¡ were prioritized according experts viewpoints and the relative importance of each¡ was determined in comparison with other elements. The analysis method used for this step was multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) based on fuzzy concept. The study caried out withine the territory of the city of Semnan (Semnan city surrounding villages) and respondant are limited to executives and research experts in relation with rural community of the city as well as relevant experts in the city. Baseed on the results¡ caltural elements are the most important aspect of the rural development followed by the ICT applicatin in rural comunities.

The aim of total this research is investigating of role ICT to improvement of the technical and economical situation of wheat Grover’s of Meshkin shahr County. The research method was an analytical-explanation study of the survey type. The target population in the study was the wheat Grover’s of settled in the rural areas that have ICT office and the wheat Grover’s of settled in the rural areas that don’t have ICT office. Using simple random sampling technique, the amount of suitable sample for this research was selected as statistical. In addition, for attainment to compare of testing and result, were selected one hundred of the farmers of located in the rural areas of uncontained of ICT office as control group. The tool of measurement was made researcher questionnaire.

There is a growing competition between countries in tourism industry currently. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has emerged as a new influential paradigm on the development of tourism industry; hence, the need to synchronize them is felt more than ever. Iran, and especially Shiraz, is of attractive tourism destinations that has not received an attention commensurate to its tourism potentials. Accordingly, it behooves a use of cutting-edge technology, ICT in particular, to enhance the current status of tourism in general and e-tourism in particular. Uses were made of survey and questionnaire in the present descriptive-analytical study to gather the required data in evaluating the current status of the use of ICT in Tourism Industry of Shiraz in the eyes of visiting tourists. Research findings suggest that tourists are not well-aware of and consequently do not use tourism-related ICT frequently despite appropriate circumstances including their inclination. In addition, they expressed their dissatisfaction with ICT use in tourism-related affairs except for some specific cases. Nevertheless, ICT media particularly radio, television, satellite, and the internet influenced the tourists’ decision in choosing Shiraz as their destination.

The fundamental technology of virtual space, in culture, social life, patterns of interaction between the state and the nature Threats role is important. This suggests that the national security state Thdydafryn other Limited to the real world, not the virtual world in tandem with the real-world environment is Thdydza government. At Among one of the most emerging threats, cyber-terrorism. And according to the density of dissident terrorist groups Environment of Islamic Republic of Iran and the increasing role of non-state actors in Thdydafryny with Take advantage of the virtual environment, the purpose of this article is based on, Cyber Terrorism aspects and scenarios And explored its potential in terms of national security under review.

During the last 50 years، tourism، as a new industry، revealed a considerable potential for economic development; So that the international receipt for this newly developed but popular industry was US$ 1159 b. in 2013، declared by UNWTO. On the other hand، the emergence of mobile technology paved the way to use and provide new services. Therefore، many nations and governments seize the opportunity to offer more appropriate services، yet looking for other tactics to encourage the users to adopt mobile services. The present study aims to explore a conceptual framework that explains the factors influencing tourist acceptance of mobile services. A survey methodology was used to gather data for this descriptive research. The participants include the domestic tourists visiting Tehran tourist attractions (Sa’ad-Abad Complex، Golestan Complex، Milad Tower، Ghasr Complex، and 27th International Book Fair). Convenience sampling was used and data was collected by a questionnaire which was comprised of two different sections: in the first part consisting of 11 questions، participants were required to provide the demographic information، and the second section consisted of 30 questions، tries to explore the factors underlining the impact of mobile services adoption. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to explore the reliability of the questionnaire. Then، the data analysis was done through Structural Equation Modeling technique (SEM)، confirmatory factor analysis، and Pearson correlation technique. Discussion and According to the findings of this research، three out of six initial hypotheses were accepted. In other words، the relationship between tourists’ perceptions (of usefulness، ease of use and trust)، and their intention to use mobile services and also the relationship between their self-efficacy and their intention the services was significant. Furthermore، a significant relationship between tourists’ intention to use mobile services and the adoption of the so called services was discovered. However، the relationship between social influences and intention to use mobile services، speed of connection and their intention، and tourists’ intention to use mobile services and their adoption was not significant. Tourists’ perceptions (perceived usefulness، perceived ease of use، and perceived trust) and their self-efficacy positively influence their intention to use mobile services، which influence the adoption of these services. However، social influences، speed of connection and costs have no impact on tourists’ intention and use of mobile services.

Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning،Shahid Chamran University Information and Communication Technology (ICT) simultaneously with globalization and progress of communication technology، has made a new form of development and interactions in the urban and rural settlements. In this regard، this study has made by descriptive – analytical method to analyze the scope and effective components of this approach in Golestan Province. Effective Spheres of ICT in three domains of knowledge، attitude and skill and activity in 12 components and 48 indicators have been classified and developed. Analytical aspect of the research along the weightening and specifying the importance of the scopes، components and indices by using the views of 20 experts relevant with the study and analysis of the impressible social and economical indices are of ICT effective components. The research tool for analyzing the importance and priority of areas، components and indicators are formed of group AHP model and a fuzzy model of group decision making (FGDM) And evaluating the impressibility of social and economical indicators from the ICT effective components of linear regression model (R-Linear). The study results show that knowledge with 0. 75 weight has the highest priority and importance among the ICT influencing factors، Components of socio-political awareness with 0. 17 weight has the highest priority among the research indices and awareness of the daily political and economical information of Iran and the world with weight 0. 147 has the highest priority among the indices of the research. The impressible regression test results of socio-economical indices of ICT influencing components show a significant direct effect between the independent and dependent two variable.