جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ایالات متحده » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

The hegemonic role of United States in creating the long-term crisis of capitalistic world-system is a significant variable due to its systematic influence over global economy and politics. Additionally, the quasi-monopolistic control that United States holds over networking processes and manufacturing the world-system has structurally affected the transformations taken place in the systematic order of the international capitalistic landscape. This is a crucial matter to examine on the grounds of conceptualizing the complexities and contradictions present in United States’ capitalistic prospects and the ways in which these factors contribute to manufacturing the world-system based on systematic hegemonic relations. Therefore, the main question is, how United States’ hegemony has influenced the recent systematic crisis in the capitalistic world-system? Findings confirm that the changes made in the capitalistic system of United States and their crisis-inducing contradictions have imposed a systematic upheaval on the entirety of the global capitalistic landscape through the hegemonic relations in reproducing the world system and Washington’s techniques of neutralization to impede the possible systematic transition to the 4th hegemonic cycle. This research is presented in an attempt to analyze the aforementioned phenomena on the basis of concocting a theoretical paradigm combining an examination of world systems and the epistemology of complexity.

In recent decades, the role of economic instruments, including economic aid, has been growing in the foreign policy of major powers. In the post-World War II era, the United States became the largest donor of economic aid, and in order to prevent the spread of communism, it gave economic aid to many countries in different regions of the world. Although,</span> the United States has a long history of providing economic aid to other countries, China is also becoming a major donor in recent years. China tries to promote its status as a major power in granting economic aid. The comparative study of the economic aid policy of China and the United States is significant because these two countries play an important role in the international. In this regard, the main question of this research is what are the differences and similarities between the economic aid policy of China and the United States? The findings of the comparison of the economic aid of China and the United States showed that despite the differences in the methods and structures of aid, China and the United States both use the economic aid to grow their influence and achieve their economic, political and geopolitical goals in the regions. However, the US economic aid policy is more transparent than China in terms of the aid granting mechanism. Also, China legitimizes these aids by using the concepts of aid to the global south, while the economic aid of the United States legitimizes it by using concepts such as supporting market-oriented economies, helping democratic governance, and protecting human rights. The method of data collection is secondary sources – the library sources - and the method of the data analysis is comparative.

This paper examines the time effect and severity of UN and US sanctions on the misery index in 41 countries under sanctions during 1991-2018 using new unbalanced composite data and the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) method. The estimation results of time effects of UN and US sanctions show that there is no time effect in relation to the effect of sanctions on the misery index, so that the passage of time has no increasing or decreasing effect of sanctions on the misery index. Moreover, the estimation results of the severity effects of UN and US sanctions on the misery index indicate that the imposition of the mild and moderate UN sanctions, while influencing positively the misery index, has no significant effect on the misery index; however, severe UN sanctions has significant positive effect on the misery index. In addition, the imposition of moderate sanctions by the United States has no significant effect on the misery index, but mild and severe US sanctions, have positive and significant effects on increasing the misery index by average coefficients of 3.20 and 12.14, respectively. Generally, the impact of UN multilateral sanctions on the misery index has been greater than of US unilateral sanctions.