جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "بعد اقتصادی" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

At present, economic activities destroy the environment by excessive use of resources and transferring the waste of production and consumption activities to the environment. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of environmental regulations on green productivity in Iran. For this purpose, while using the information related to capital, labor, gross domestic product, pollution and environmental regulations in 31 provinces during the period of 1400-1395 and using the "non-radial directional distance function", the effect of environmental regulations on green productivity, outputs and undesirable output would be evaluated. The research results indicate that environmental regulations promote green productivity in the provinces of Iran. In addition, environmental regulations have been less successful in controlling the undesirable outputs of economic activities. In addition, the results showed that the effect of GDP on green productivity is insignificant and the ratio of manufacturing added value  to GDP has a negative and significant effect on green productivity.

This article investigates the relationship between transportation infrastructure, renewable energy sources and economic growth in Iran during the period of 1991-2021 using self-explanatory vector methods with distributive breaks and short-term and long-term Grangerian causality using the error correction model. . The results of this study show that renewable energy moderates the consumption of petroleum products in the long term for Iran by 0.48%. In addition, transportation, foreign direct investment and added value of industry increase the consumption of petroleum products in Iran by 0.66, 0.14 and 0.33%, respectively. Also, a strong short-term and long-term causality relationship is confirmed from the side of renewable energies to the transportation industry infrastructure, and a strong short-term and long-term causality relationship is also confirmed from the side of the transportation infrastructure to economic growth. The strong short-term and long-term causality relationship from renewable energy to economic growth is also confirmed.

Understanding the relationship between institutions and economic performance, as well as how institutional quality differs across countries, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Northern countries support economic progress due to having strong institutions. On the other hand, weak institutions in southern countries prevent their progress. Therefore, it is very important for policymakers to identify the factors affecting institutional quality and to understand how institutional quality affects economic growth in order to develop efficient economic policies. The main motivation of the present study is to understand the effect of improving institutional quality on Iran's economic growth through total factor productivity using the Global Trade Analysis Project model. In this regard, the data were aggregated into two regions (Iran and the rest of the world) and ten sectors based on the research objective. To achieve the main objective of the study, two scenarios were evaluated: 1) Increasing the growth rate of production factor productivity in Iran (due to improving institutional quality); 2) Increasing the growth rate of production factor productivity in other regions of the world (due to improving institutional quality). The results show that improving institutional quality through increasing the growth rate of production factor productivity in Iran leads to higher economic growth in Iran and its sub-sectors.

Assessing the interplay between the fundamental conditions of listed companies and stock price movements provides insights into the relationship between stock market indices and economic growth. This study examines the mutual effects of Tehran Stock Exchange indices, including the total Index (TEDPIX), Price Index (TEPIX), and Dividend Yield Index (TEDIX), as well as their responses to changes in non-oil economic growth and inflation rates during the period Q4 1389 to Q2 1402, using a Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model. The findings reveal that the TEDIX, representing the overall profitability of listed companies, is influenced by non-oil economic growth but is not significantly affected by inflation and TEPIX. Furthermore, the TEPIX does not exhibit a positive response to non-oil economic growth or the TEDIX. Therefore, the notion that stock price movements in the capital market and the subsequent growth of stock indices reflect the fundamental conditions and profitability of companies is not supported. Additionally, the results indicate that increased investor interest in purchasing a company's stock and the resulting rise in its stock price do not necessarily lead to improved corporate financing or fundamental conditions.

The state of Gasoline consumption in Iran has grown significantly in the following years. According to the report of Iran's National Company for Refining and Distribution of Petroleum Products, the daily consumption of gasoline in 2024 has reached about 112 million liters, which shows an increase of more than 40% compared to 2016. According to reports, this amount of consumption reaches 140 million liters per day even during holidays and with the growth of trips. On the other hand, there is a limited capacity to produce gasoline in the country. The nominal production complexes of the refinery produce about 110 million liters per day, but in practice it is only between 98 and 104 million liters per day. On the other hand, according to the reports and comments of the country's official authorities, the amount of gasoline shortage has reached 6 to 11 million liters per day in the last two years, which leads to a foreign exchange loss of about three million dollars in imports. . is Several solutions have been stated to deal with the problem of Natrazi Ben, the production of natural gas by the process known as GTL (Gas to Liquid) can be a suitable option to solve this problem. GTL technology refers to a process in which natural gas is converted into valuable products such as methanol, dimethyl ether and other intermediates (such as gasoline, diesel and kerosene). In this research, the economic evaluation of the gasoline production plan using GTL technology and its comparison with the imported price in order to deal with the problem of gasoline imbalance as one of the solutions has been paid. The results of this research indicate that it produces a factor, which means that two factors that have two factors are evaluated according to the values ​​of the plan and by increasing the value, it significantly affects the evaluation indices. GTL units as well as internal rate of return assessment and thus investment attractiveness increases. Also, the price of gasoline produced from this project is affordable in all cases compared to the produced gasoline, and if the problem of gasoline imbalance continues in the long term, it is recommended to build these units.

The purpose of the current research is to explain the effect of inflation tax on economic welfare in symmetrical and asymmetrical approach. In this way, firstly, economic welfare was calculated using the composite index of welfare based on four dimensions of average flow of consumption, wealth or accumulation of production reserves, income inequality and economic security over five decades. The results of the data description show that after the war and in the 1990s with the adoption of policies for the development of the country, the economic prosperity has increased, and this trend has continued in the 2000s due to the single rate of the exchange rate and creation of currency reserve account. In the 2010s, economic prosperity has decreased due to the intensification of economic sanctions and the increase of inflation and recession. In the next part of the research, the symmetric and asymmetric estimation of the model based on the Linear and Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag model was carried out in the period of 1971-2021. The long-term results of estimating the model in a linear (symmetric) approach indicate that the inflation tax has a negative effect on economic welfare. In the non-linear (asymmetric) approach, this reverse effect was also confirmed, in such a way that increases in the inflationary tax affect economic well-being more than decreases in it. As expected, inflation has a negative and asymmetric effect on economic welfare, so that the inverse effect of increases in inflation on well-being is far more than decreases in it. Another finding is that unemployment has a negative effect and per capita income has a positive effect on economic welfare.

This study examines textual data's ability to nowcast Iran's gross domestic product (GDP). To this end, 301,498 economic news articles from March 2005 to December 2023 were extracted from the Fars news agency website using a web crawling technique. Following initial preprocessing, the news texts were sorted into various categories via the Dirichlet Latent Allocation (LDA) model, wherein each category corresponds to a distinct news topic. Subsequently, to ascertain whether an article conveys a positive or negative sentiment, we executed lexicon-based sentiment analysis utilizing SentiStrength. Ultimately, by aggregating the news sentiment scores seasonally under each topic, we constructed a seasonal sentiment time series. These time series were then assessed for their efficacy in nowcasting Iran's quarterly GDP, employing ridge regression, lasso regression, elastic net, and gradient boosting methods. The findings reveal that incorporating textual data can reduce prediction errors by 12 to 18 percent relative to a univariate time series model. Moreover, our results suggest that sentiment extracted from textual content, particularly news articles, is a viable approach. This strategy could potentially enable the provision of immediate GDP estimates following the end of each reference quarter.

Relying on the objective utility and measuring the level of happiness of people based on their choices is related to homo-economicus and a limited definition of human, which has been used as a presupposition by conventional theories in economics for years. Many studies show the deviation of reality and experimental data from the predictions of standard theories about happiness. In this study, we will try to introduce a structure for happiness so that in addition to considering the economic aspects, the effect of other fields on people's perception of happiness or subjective well-being can be determined. Based on the attitude of behavioral economics, we have re-examined utility and happiness, due to the data collected from 192 students in different grades of university. We have confirmed a structure for happiness, which is related to the psychological well-being. Economic well-being, social well-being and physical well-being also affects happiness indirectly through psychological well-being. This study is interdisciplinary research, which seeks to expand the conventional economic theories by replacing the real human being instead of the homo-economicus. The results show that the main source of people's happiness is their psychological well-being, and in psychological well-being, the most important factor is physical well-being. The second and third order goes to social well-being and economic well-being. Income or economic factors, which is the main in determining people's happiness in conventional prospect, is only one of the determining factors of psychological well-being, which happiness originates from.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of investment in renewable energy on Iran's macroeconomic variables. In this regard, statistical information related to the period 1991-2022 was used. For this purpose, the stochastic dynamic general equilibrium method was used. The information used in this article was collected from the Central Bank of Iran and the Ministry of Energy. The theoretical framework of the present study will be based on investment models, optimization and inter-sectoral balance. In this study, the effects of investment in the field of renewable energy through public and private companies are included in the model. The results obtained from the investment shock in the field of renewable energy indicated that investment in this sector had the greatest impact on the growth of economic added value in the industry, services, agriculture, and oil and gas sectors. Also, the obtained results indicate that in order to increase social welfare and achieve economic development, a 4-year investment period with a 50% growth in the field of renewable energy infrastructure in the country is necessary.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of factors affecting capability poverty in the selected Muslim countries known as the D8 group relying on the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method during the period of 1997-2021. Results show the negative and significant effect of globalization on capability poverty in the D8 countries during the covered period, such that for each unit increase in the globalization index, capability poverty decreases by 1.8%, which indicates a relative improvement in the welfare of these countries. Likewise, the impact of economic growth on capability poverty is positive, so that a one percent increases in economic growth leads to an increase in capability poverty by 0.21 percent. Such finding can be due to not utilization of the benefits of growth to improve welfare infrastructure in the mentioned countries. In addition, the effect of control variables such as inflation and geographical distribution of the population has also been evaluated positively on capability poverty. Based on the findings of the current study, it is recommended to adopt inflation control programs and moving towards the promotion of globalization indicators in the economies of the D8 group.

The positive role of financial market development in reducing the effect of natural resources curse on the economic growth of countries is determined when the development of the financial sector in a country can allocate the income from natural resources to development and capital projects and in finally, lead to economic growth. Therefore, in this study, the effect of oil revenue governance on the economic growth of selected OPEC member countries was investigated, with an emphasis on the development of the banking sector, using the PVAR GMM method. For this purpose, the required data was gathered from the Global Financial Development Database (GFDD), World Development Indicators (WDI), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the database of selected OPEC member countries (Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Venezuela, Nigeria, Algeria, UAE, and Libya) from 2003 to 2022, and STATA software was used to analyze the data. Results showed that the governance indicators of oil revenues and banking sector development indicators have a positive effect on economic growth. Also, oil revenues have had a significant positive effect on economic growth, but with the increase in growth of oil revenues, economic growth has decreased, indicating the existence of a curse of natural resources or Dutch disease in the countries under study. Finally, the indicators of banking sector development strengthen the positive effect of governance indicators of oil revenues on economic growth and thus reduce the negative effects of natural resources curse in mentioned countries.

Cryptocurencies are new phenomenon in the world of technology in recent years that has put the world financial system on the brink of major changes. The spread of cryptocurrencies erodes people's dependence on the government and the central bank. In fact, they also increase the ability and power of the people over traditional governing structures. What governments and governments are dealing with today with this new phenomenon is the issue of economic governance and the control of economic sovereignty over countries and the discussion of internationalism. In this study, the role of this phenomenon, which is mentioned as part of the fourth industrial revolution, on the economic security of countries and governments in general and its impact on the type of governance has been studied. In this study, grounded theory (GT) method was used due to the lack of any theory in this regard and interviews were conducted with experts in the field of cryptography who had sufficient control over economic issues and data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. And finally categorized using a small amount of categories and statistical extraction in this regard, the results show that the opportunities of cryptocurrencies in economic security with 216 categories (50.12%) and cryptocurrency threats in economic security 168 categories (38.98%) Involved.

In this article, population aging in a closed economy with a computable generalized Diamond overlapping generations (OLG) model has been investigated in which the element of human capital has been endogenously formed. In this study, the effect of population aging in a closed economy with 8 overlapping generations based on the Diamond model, capable of simulating the intergenerational differences has been designed for the Iranian economy across 50 years from 1400 to 1450. The research model includes 3 economic agents of household, firm, and government, whose behavior and decision-making are interdependent. First, the impact of aging on the dynamics of the macroeconomic variables, in the scenario of the current situation of Iran's pensions and benefits has been simulated, and then, the impact of implementing policies to increase pensions and benefits under different scenarios on economic growth has been simulated. The results show that because increasing pensions is a cost to the government on the one hand and increases government spending and the government budget deficit, on the other hand, consumption and savings increase as the income of the elderly increases. Increasing retirement savings leads to larger capital markets and lower interest rates, resulting in increased investment. In addition, this policy indirectly has a double effect on growth through the effect of redistribution and improved income distribution. Hence, policy to increase pensions encourages demand-side economic growth. If this policy is based on the growth of human capital, it can neutralize the adverse effects of aging on economic growth.

The Intensification of economic pressures on Iran through the imposition of sanctions, led to the development of the ‘Resistive economy’ doctrine as the central economic strategy during the early 2010’s. This was followed by the ratification of related public policies during 2013. Concentrating on the energy sector, the main objectives of the present study is to examine the extent to which adopted policies cohere with the central tenants of the “Resistive Economics” doctrine, as originally proposed by the leadership of Iran. Additionally, the study purports to examine if there is any potential for improving current policies by drawing on the findings of mainstream literature.Utilizing the ‘‏Descriptive research method’ and ‘content analysis’ the study finds that: First, the central tenant of the ‘Resistance Economy doctrine’ is to make the Iranian economy resistant to shocks such as wars, sanctions and politico-economic pressures, rather than general and long-term goals such as increasing growth rate or reducing energy consumption. Second, some “policies” currently in place (such as increasing the National Development Fund's share from oil revenues) are too general, and do not necessarily help in strengthening the energy sector against international pressures such as wars, sanctions, etc. It is notable that these policies have already been mentioned under other upstream documents. Thirdly, a review of the mainstream literature, as well as an analysis of concepts such as ‘resilience’, ‘sustainability’, etc. shows that vital components which are essential for strengthening the energy sector against shocks (such as war etc.) have been largely neglected.

In today's context, developing countries which actively seek to resist against the global systems of domination and preserve their identity, ideals and values, necessarily find themselves in need of developing their defense foundations. However, governmental budgetary resources of these countries are often inadequate for meeting the exigencies of defense and security sectors. Yet, a preliminary examination of the defense industries of these countries often highlights the low efficiency with which the economic assets and capacities currently at the disposal of the armed forces are utilized. It is therefore necessary to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of strategies in order to maintain an active deterrence against the global systems domination. These issues bring to the fore the need for an economic revolution in the armed forces in order to firstly, generate income and provide resources for the defense sector, and secondly, make the economy of the armed forces more efficient, and thus, strengthen the national economy. The objective of this study is to delineate what such an economic revolution in the economy of the defense sector would entail and, for this purpose, it seeks to identify and classify the effective factors involved. In terms of research methodology this study can be classified as a descriptive-survey and the methodology of this paper relies on library and field methods. For this purpose, modus operandi of this study was to conduct field interviews with experts in the armed forces, further utilizing questionnaires for data collection. Thereafter, in order to ensure of the reliability of the questionnaire the study conducted the "Cronbach's alpha" test, and subsequently, factor analysis techniques were employed to measure the validity of the construct. In order to analyze the collected data, the study relied on statistical methods such as the "T-Student" test and analysis of variance, and finally, the hierarchical analysis approach was utilized to determine the weights of the factors.The results of this research showed that - ranked by the order of importance - income generation and supply of resources required by the defense sector, increasing the efficiency of the economic management of the armed forces, and strengthening the national economy, are in turn variables that influence the economic revolution of the armed forces.

This study investigated the asymmetric effects of trade, economic growth and monetary and financial policies on inflation in Iran. For this purpose, quarterly data 1991:2 to 2022:1 and nonlinear auto-regressive distributed lag (NARDL) modelling approach has been used. The results show that, there is a significant negative relationship between inflation and trade openness. that these results indicate the confirmation of Roemer's theory in Iran. Also, the coefficient of government spending shocks has a positive effect on inflation. In addition, the results indicate that the positive shock of the money volume or monetary policy (increasing trend in the money volume) has a positive effect and the negative shock of the money volume has a negative effect on inflation. In addition, a positive exchange rate shock has a positive and significant effect and a negative exchange rate shock has a negative and significant effect on inflation, which results indicate a positive and significant relationship between inflation and exchange rate. Finally, the results show that the positive shock coefficient of economic growth has a negative and significant effect and the negative shock of economic growth has a positive and significant effect on inflation.The results of the Wald test also show that the effects of positive and negative shocks of monetary policy, financial policy and exchange rate on inflation are asymmetric both in the long and short term. However, the effects of positive and negative shocks of trade openness and economic growth on the inflation index are asymmetric only in the long run.

Despite relative development in financial institutions, and the abundance of financial resources (income from oil sales), Iran has still struggled to experience high and sustainable economic growth rates, even experiencing  negative growth rates in recent years. Therefore, investigating the influential factors in the relationship between financial development and economic growth is crucial. Accordingly, this study examines the role and significance of oil resources (oil course) on the relationship between financial development and economic growth through investment channels using the ARDL bounding test during the period from 1980 to 2020. The findings indicate that while financial development positively and significantly impacts investment, the oil curse weakens this relationship, suggesting an indirect negative impact of the oil curse on the financial development-economic growth nexus via investment channels in Iran.  The interactive variable of financial development and the oil curse also had a negative and significant impact on investment during the examined period, indicating the financial system's inability to allocate resources effectively towards productive investments. Based on these results, it can be stated that the oil curse has affected the functioning of the financial sector in the Iranian economy and, by making this sector inefficient, has had a negative impact on investment, thus weakening the relationship between economic growth and financial development.

The topic of welfare and its improvement is an important issue in different societies. According to the existing literature, there are multiple factors that affect the welfare status of countries, one of which is production and its fluctuations (boom and recession). Considering the important impacts of production on the economic welfare of the country, the present study aims to explain the impact of production and, more precisely, that of increases (economic boom) and decreases (economic recession) in production on welfare in Iran. Indeed, this analysis deals with production with and without oil. The main question in the present study is whether there is a significant difference between the impacts of economic boom (increases in production with or without oil) and economic recession (decreases in production with or without oil) on welfare in the Iranian economy.

Most of the models in econometrics are based on linear (symmetric) models. In a symmetric estimate of the production effects (with or without oil), if economic welfare increases by 1 unit with an increase in production, then economic welfare will decrease by 1 unit with a decrease in production. However, what actually happens may not be this way, and the effect of increases in production (economic prosperity) on welfare may be different from the effect of decreases in production (recession). Therefore, the focus of a research model is to distinguish the effect of increases in production (with or without oil) from the effect of decreases in it. The model used in this study is based on the one proposed by Shin et al. (2014). That study discusses the issue of the asymmetrical coefficient of an influential factor and its effect on the dependent variable in the conditions of prosperity and recession. Shin’s team introduces a model called Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) regression model. In the present study, among the various welfare indices, the IEWB index has been considered as a measure of economic welfare. Multiple variables are also used to calculate this index. The IEWB index considers economic welfare as a function of the dimensions of effective per capita consumption flow, net social accumulation of wealth and resource-generating sources, economic inequality, and insecurity. In this regard, weights are considered for each of these dimensions in a special way. Therefore, the weights assigned to each dimension will be different based on different observations. The spatial scope of this study includes Iran, and the temporal scope is from 1971 to 2021.

The movement trend is an indicator of economic well-being, showing that the index followed a downward trend after the revolution until the end of the war. After the war, the index had an upward trend with a gentler slope compared to the years before the revolution. It reached its highest level in 2017 and then started to decline again. This decrease is due to the increase in the sanctions on the Iranian economy, which led to a decrease in oil revenues, a decrease in economic growth, and an increase in the inflation rate, resulting in a decline in economic well-being. The results of the estimate are as follows:- In the short term, the effect of oil economic prosperity on well-being is almost more than 2.5 times the effect of economic prosperity without oil.- In the short term, the effect of oil economic recession on well-being is greater than the effect of economic recession without oil.- In the short term, the asymmetry in the impact of economic prosperity and recession (both with and without oil) on well-being is confirmed.- In the long term, considering the direct effect of economic prosperity and recession (with and without oil) on well-being, the asymmetry of production effect (with and without oil) is also confirmed. But, unlike the case in the short term, in the long term, the effect of economic recession without oil on well-being is greater than the effect of oil economic recession.- In the long term, the effect of oil economic recession on well-being is more than twice the effect of oil economic prosperity, and the effect of economic recession without oil on well-being is almost 5 times the effect of economic prosperity without oil.

Conclusions and policy implications: 

Based on the results of this research about the impact of economic prosperity and recession on the well-being in Iran, it is suggested that, first, the government should create the necessary infrastructure to improve the people's well-being so that the prosperity periods can be prolonged. Second, economic policymakers should adopt supportive policies, especially for producers, to improve the country's well-being during recessions. Third, it seems that, if the Iranian economy moves towards non-oil dependence, in times of economic recession, there will be a need for stronger welfare policies by the government to compensate for the lost well-being. If there is more extensive support for non-oil sectors, they may be able to contribute to increased well-being during prosperous times.