جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تجزیه ساختاری » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

One of the factors affecting production and employment in one economy is investment. In economic literature, capital formation is the driving force of economic activities and economic growth patterns are based on the use of capital and labor. Despite the importance of investment in production and subsequent employment in the economy, unfortunately, in recent years, capital formation and the level of investment in the country have been very low due to several reasons such as economic instability. Therefore, it has created major problems in the field of production and employment in the country and its different regions, and it is necessary to make a codified and coherent planning to increase production and employment in the country. On the other hand, the first step for planning and making policies for the growth of production and employment is to identify the factors affecting them and to examine the effectiveness of each of these factors. The point that exists in relation to investment at the sector level (different economic sectors) is that the potential of creating production and employment (direct and indirect) of different economic sectors is different from each other. For this reason, investment in different economic sectors can have different effects on production and employment at the level of the sector as well as the whole economy. Among the reasons for the difference in the production potential and direct employment generation of the sectors, we can mention the difference in technology used in different sectors. In this way, some economic sectors have a high direct employment generation coefficient and some others have lower direct employment generation. Among the reasons for the difference in production potential and indirect employment generation of the sectors, we can also mention the difference in the communication and links between the sectors of each of the sectors with each other. Sectors that have more links with other sectors have a high potential in production and creating employment due to a certain amount of investment. Therefore, it can be said that in addition to the total amount of investment in the economy, the relative share of the sectors in the total investment, or in other words, the structure and composition of the investment is also effective in the production and employment of the entire economy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of investment expenditure change on changes in output and employment in different economic sectors in Iran. In this study, structural decomposition Analysis (SDA) in the input-output model between 2011 and 2016 have been used. To do this, first, the investment demand matrix in the economy was divided into two matrices, one is the investment composition (structure) matrix and the other is the total investment matrix. The investment composition matrix represents the share of each sector in the total investment in the economy and the second matrix represents the total investment in different sectors of the economy. For the calculations of this study, the input-output tables of the years 2011 and 2016 are needed. The statistical table of 2011 and 2016 was obtained from Iran Statistics Center. In the next step, both input-output tables were aggregated based on the availability of employment statistics in 18 sectors. After that, to remove price effects in research calculations, input-output tables should be converted to constant price. In this study, to eliminate the effect of price changes between 2011 and 2016, the table of 2016 was converted to the constant price of 2011 with the double deflation method. For this purpose, the price adjustment index of eighteen sectors has been used. Finally, this adjustment index was used to convert the 2016 table to the 2011 price. The results of this study showed that the increase in the level of investment (with a constant composition) has increased the total production of sectors of the economy by 2361599.59 billion rials, but the change in the structure of investment (with a constant volume) has reduced the total production 5224865 billion Rials. Changing the composition of investment has decreased 509620 people and changing the volume of investment has increased 3021509 people in the total employment of the economy. Considering the negative impact of the change in investment composition on production and employment in Iran's economy, it is suggested to prioritize investment in sectors that have higher production and employment coefficients in the economy.

Tehran as the most important province of Iran accounts for 26% of GDP, on average. This paper aims to answer this question: What is the most important component of changes in labor productivity in Tehran compared to the rest of country? To answer this question, two symmetric industry by industry input-output tables provided by Research Center of the Parliament in 2006 and Statistical Center of Iran in 2011 are used to compute two-region table of Tehran and rest of country at constant price by applying FLQ-RAS method. Then, according to Ditzenbacher et al(2000) study, the changes in labor productivity are decomposed into five factors including: “Value added coefficient”, “Direct labor requirement”, “Structural change”, “Interregional trade” and “Final demand”. The results show that the effect of change in the number of employees in Tehran is positive, while in the rest of country, this effect has moderated the labor productivity. In addition, the effect of the change in the component of final demand in Tehran is close to zero, while in rest of country, it increases the labor productivity. Furthermore, the other factors under study in Tehran and the rest of country have increased the labor productivity

Immense reserves of fossil fuels، has caused weak attention to economize energy consumption and has consequently led to energy waste. Also، due to data limitations، timeworn equipments and traditional structure of many industries، little research has not been done in the industrial sector from this point of view. This study uses of structural decomposition approach to survey changes in CO2 emissions in Iranian industrial sectors using tables of input-output in the years 1370، 1375 and 1380. The main factors causing the changes in the emissions are analyzed. Marginal demand has been most important factor of CO2 emissions augmentations in both periods (1370-1375 and 1375-1380). The structural changes in exports have improved، it has reduced industrial emissions. Technology improvement and industrialization، however، has had a mince impact on reducing emissions، but it has improved the level of exports as a factor in the reduction for the period is 1375-1380. During two periods، energy efficiency improvement has been the most important factors in reducing CO2 emissions in the “transportation”، “refining and production of petroleum products”، “production of other non-metallic mineral” and “production of basic metals”. It seems that for more reduction in CO2 emissions particular attention should be paid to this factor.

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the source of output growth of particularly industrial growth from a demand side perspective; the analysis will be based on Chenery’s factor decomposition approach (1960) input-output framework. Output growth is decomposed into four sources: domestic demand expansion, export expansion, import substitution and intermediate demand expansion. The study will cover the period of first and second five year macroeconomic plans (1988-93 & 1993-99). For this period, three input-output tables for years 1988, 1993 and 1999 will be employed.