جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « صنایع کارخانه ای ایران » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

Horizontal and Vertical Intra-industry trade (HIIT and VIIT) determine the real competitive and relative advantages of countries considering the method and technology of production. In the course of development and expansion of its commercial relations, Iran requires a suitable pattern to identify and strengthen the competitive and relative advantages in efficiency sectors, as well. One of these sectors is the industry sector that development and growth of which need technological development. This, in turn, the development of technology affected from investment in domestic research and development (R&D) and purchase of foreign technology (capital and intermediate commodities).  Accordingly, in this research, the spillover effects of R&D on horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade in Iran’s manufacturing industries have been investigated. To this end, based on the latest available data of Iran’s manufacturing industries at the 4-digit aggregation level of ISIC classification during 2004- 2016, panel data estimation method has been used. The results of fixed effects estimation show that the accumulation of domestic and foreign R&D don’t have a positive effect on HIIT and VIIT. Also, results indicate that the spillover of accumulation of foreign R&D by import have a negative and significant effect on HIIT and VIIT but, the spillover of accumulation of foreign R&D by human capital has a positive and significant effect on HIIT and VIIT. Thus, it’s proposed to invest in human capital and R&D, in order to facilitate the absorption and dissemination of hidden imported technology in the intermediary and capital commodities of business partners, that this produce the qualifier commodities and help for increasing the intra-industry trade share in international level.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of total productivity factors on employment in Iran's industrial sectors using Autoregressive distributed lag and error correction model over the period 1996-2016. In modeling, industries are categorized into three groups of low-technology, Medium Low Technology, and Medium High Technology industries. The results show a significant and negative impact of total factor productivity on employment in Total industries and Medium High Technology industries that means meaning that the increase in total productivity factors in short and long term reduces total employment of Medium High Technology industries. In addition, total factor productivity has a negative effect on employment in low Technology and Medium Low Technology, meaning that increasing productivity in both the short and long run reduces employment in low-tech and medium-low industries. According to the results, increasing the skill and Workforce expertise and new Machinery can lead to increased productivity in the employment of Iranian industries.

The main purpose of this paper is that examine the effect of business environment on the performance of manufacturing industries in Iran . For doing so, we use simultaneous panel data techniques for Iranian industries with ten employees or more based on the two-digit ISIC Codes during 2003-2011 . The results show that the business environment indicators has not a significant effect on the profitability of manufacturing industries in Iran.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate environmental productivity changes in Iranian manufacturing industries, with two-digit ISIC codes, during 2003-2014. For this purpose, Meta-frontier Non-radial Malmquist CO_2 emission Performance Index (MNMCPI) is used. This index considers technological heterogeneities of industries. Empirical results indicate that, during 2003-2014, MNMCPI has grown, on average; the highest growth rate belongs to industries with medium technology. Also, all three indices of EC, BPC and TGC, as MNMCPI components, experienced growth, on average. TGC has the greatest impact in industries with medium technology while BPC has the greatest impact in industries with high and low technology. In general, BPC had the greatest effect on MNMCPI growth.The highest growth rate in EC index is observed in industries with low technology and the highest growth rates in BPC index, which shows the effect of innovation, and in TGC index are observed in industries with medium technology. Therefore, based on TGC index, industries with medium technology level are leading technological industries. Rregression analysis shows that energy intensity has a negative and significant effect and R&D has a positive significant effect on MNMCPI.

According to the latest theoretical and empirical literature of international trade, the market structure is among the most important industry-specific determinants of competitive advantages. The present paper examines the competitive advantage determinants of Iranian manufacturing industries using a panel data of industries at the 4-digit aggregation level for the period 2002-2010. We employ the constant market share (CMS) method to measure the competitive advantage and use the conventional variables to estimate the determinants of the competitive advantage. The results indicate that factors including the economies of scale, product differentiation, and government policy have positive and significant effects on the competitive advantage of Iranian manufacturing industries. Based on these results, it seems that monopolistic competition structure based on product differentiation and economies of scale as well as proper government protections, and emphasis on the competitive advantage instead of merely comparative advantage may improve the competitive advantage of Iranian manufacturing industries. In this framework, we suggest that more attention should be paid to intra industry trade in developing foreign trade.

The purpose of this study is to find the main determinants of stagflation in Iranian manufacturing sector during 1982-2012. We have used the data of manufacturing industries, categorizing them into three groups of resource base, low technology and medium and high technological industries. We have used logit regression with fixed effect, taking industries utilizing less than 50 percent of their nominal capacity and having more than 20 percent disguised unemployment in addition with having capital–output ratio of over 3o percent as industries suffering from stagflation. If a manufacturing industry was suffering stagflation, its dependent variable was given a value of 1 and the dependent variable of other industries was set to zero. Our explanatory variables include the imports of intermediate goods, wage costs, labor productivity, interest rates, exchange rate and oil revenue. Our findings show that all the variables with the exception of labor productivity had expected signs and their coefficients were statistically significant. The results show that, while as expected, the coefficient of labor productivity was negative, however, the coefficients of other variables were positive and significant implying positive impact on stagflation.

Factor demand behavior such as energy demand has an important role in the economic analysis. This issue is a major concern in the developing countries (e. g. Iran) which are benefited from vast energy resources. In this paper، the third generation of factor demand models is used to analyze the behavior of capital adjustment in the Iranian manufacturing industries. The dataset covers the two-digit International Standard of Industrial Classification (ISIC) during 1995-2007. The Generalized Leontief functional form has been chosen as an empirical model and estimated by Full Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) method. The findings indicate that capital، electricity، and other energy carriers are complements in the manufacturing industries and the speed of adjustment for capital input is very low. Also، labor is an inferior input in the Iranian manufacturing industries.

The structure-conduct-performance (SCP) paradigm has constituted an enduring empirical tradition in empirical industrial economics and has the advantage of clarifying the basic building blocks of the competitive mechanisms. This paper presents a SCP model to estimate causes and effects in Iranian manufacturing industry in 2009. The model used in this paper is a system of four simultaneous equations: agglomeration as the standard measure of structure، advertising and R&D as the standard measure of conduct and profitability as the standard measure of performance. Using the data from a sample of Iranian industries، three-stage least squares results indicate that: a) Advertisement has positive and significant impacts on agglomeration and profitability. b) Profitability has positive and significant impacts on agglomeration and advertisement. c) Agglomeration has positive and significant impact on profitability and also a negative impact on advertisement.

According to the recent literature, the expansion of intra-industry trade increases the intra-industrial excess job reallocation. Based on Lovely and Nelson (2002), this study examined the hypothesis that marginal intra-industry trade has a positive effect on the excess job reallocation in Iranian industries. Therefore, we have employed a panel technique for Iranian manufacturing industries at the 3-digit ISIC classification over the period 2002-2006. The results show that the expansion of marginal intra-industry trade increases the excess job reallocation that probably decreases the adjustment costs in industrial labour market. Therefore, we suggest that the government should pay more attention to intra-industry trade in order to control and reduce the adjustment costs of trade expansion and liberalization.

This study examines the deviation of concentration from its steady state level in Iranian manufacturing industries. The study is carried out for 94 industries based on cross- section method with four-digit ISIC code in the years 1999 and 2007. The coefficient of partial adjustment is significant and less than one. Therefore there is significant partial adjustment towards steady state level of concentration. The same results were obtained in subsamples including 47 industries with high advertising intensity and 47 industries with low advertising intensity. The comparison of Herfindahl Hirschman index indicates that the level of industrial concentration in the majority of industries (63 percent) has decreased during this period. The findings of the study support the Sutton the market size in exogenous sunk cost industries. But the result is not valid for endogenous sunk cost industries.

Using data of manufacturing Industries in Iran during 1374-88,to estimate job creation and job destruction and disaggregating static and dynamic effects and within shift effects of industrial structure; we found that no significant structural changes on employment has taken place in Iran’s Manufacturing industries. Using dispersion analysis to study the speed and direction of structural changes ,we found that the speed of structural changes were rapid and on the normal direction up to 1382-85; however, this trend was reversed thereafter up to the period of 1386-88, indicating that there has been exodus of labor from high productive and dynamic industries towards inefficient and declining industries after the threshold time period of 1382-85.

Energy is aconsidered as one of the major inputs of production along with other inputs such as labor and capital that contribute to the production process. Moreover, most energy sources have fossil origin and are irreversible, so on the one hand, the basic features of the finitude of other energy inputs to production are distinct and the necessity of energy saving and the possibility of substituting them with the renewable forms are self-evident. Industrial energy demand analysis has always been one of the leading fields of research in economics. This issue is more critical in the case of developing countries, especially those with transitional experiences. In this paper, third generation of dynamic factor demand models for the Iranian manufacturing industries is estimated to analyze the speed of adjustment in factor demands. Using the quadratic functional form, this result was the elimination of energy subsidies in the short term which has a great impact on the industry to reduce energy demand. But, it is believed that in the long run, the intensity of this effect will be diminished. Furthermore, the results show that the speed of adjustment in capital stock of factory industry is very low.

Industrial energy demand analysis has always been one of the leading fields of research in economics. This issue is more critical in the case of developing countries especially those with transition experiences. In this paper, third generation of dynamic factor demand models for the Iranian manufacturing industries is estimated to analyze the speed of adjustment in factor demands. Data which is used in this study is an Iranian industrial plant based on two-digit international classification code during 1374-1386. The translog functional form is used as model specification. The main findings are the complementary relation between energy carriers, electricity, and capital and low adjustment speed of capital stock. In Iranian manufacturing industries, demand for energy carriers and capital, with expansion of manufacturing activities and technological change has increased, while the demand for labor has decreased.

The main purpose of this paper is to present methods and recent development in the literature of intra industry trade (IIT) measuring. The case study also is carried out for Iranian manufacturing industries during time period 1997-2003. For this, Iran's foreign trade data was collected, processed, and then used to estimate IIT indices with respect to recent literature developments in IIT measuring. Based on theoretical literature, Weighted Grubel and Loyd index and Fontagne & Freudenberg Trade types index are the most important static IIT indices. Furthermore, Briilhart index and Azhar & Elliott index are the most important dynamic IIT indices. Empirical results indicate low but increasing IIT in manufacturing industries of Iran. Furthermore, an important part of this IIT is devoted to Vertical Intra Industry (VIIT). Marginal IIT of Iran's manufacturing industries also is low but overwhelming. In other words, Iran's foreign trade change is mainly due to inter-industry trade. Thus, it seems that currently Iran's foreign trade is mainly based on comparative advantage. Generally speaking, this study is important due to increasing IIT studies and IIT importance for developing non oil exports for Iran.

Technology has long been considered very important to contribute to economic growth through productivity improvement. The empirical studies indicate that the contribution of information technology(IT) to growth in developed and some developing countries over the second half of the 1990s has been significant. There is still room for more investigation, specially in developing countries where the socio-economic infrastructure may not fully support the IT and economic growth relationship. This study uses an explicit production function to estimate the elasticity of IT factors in the Iranian manufacturing industry using the panel data method covering the period 2000-2001.Reveal that IT has had a positive and significant effect on the production in the Iranian manufacturing industry. Our results suggest that an increase in IT expenditure beside improving complementary factors will eventually lead to higher labour productivity and growth in manufacturing industry.