جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "نگرش" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

Environmental problems have created crises in the world, including Iran, and the risk of irreversibility of its consequences has recently increased. Many of these issues stem from increased energy consumption, population growth, and industrialization. To solve environmental issues and create compatibility between development plans and the environment, the participation of all environmental groups is necessary. Among these groups, there are non-governmental organizations, and examining them on the one hand indicates their positive role and function, and on the other hand, shows that they are facing challenges and obstacles. To increase the efficiency of NGOs, it is necessary to recognize these challenges and make the necessary planning to eliminate, reduce, or transform them into new opportunities. To deal with environmental crises, we can focus on participation as one of the important primary tools. Also, the gradual reduction of decentralization by using NGOs to attract people's participation and create social changes in the field of environment shows the efficiency, effectiveness, and value of their performance and takes a step towards environmental development. Considering that environmental NGOs can be a platform for changing environmental behaviors in society; the goal of the researchers in this article is to measure the participation of environmental NGO activists and investigate the impact of environmental culture on the participation of environmental NGO members. Based on this, the main question of the research is what effect did the environmental culture (knowledge, value, attitude, and norms) have on the environmental participation of NGO members and is there a correlation between these variables?

A survey research method was used and the data collection technique was an online questionnaire. The statistical population of the research was all the members of the registered environmental NGOs in Tehran, and 376 people were selected as a statistical sample using the relative random sampling method. Data analysis was done using SPSS software. To check the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used, which were acceptable for all variables. Also, the validity of the questionnaire was measured through face validity using the opinion of specialists and experts in the field of study, and the definitions of the concepts and the questionnaire were approved by the judges. The validity of the structure was also measured based on the confirmatory factor analysis test. The value of KMO = 0.789 indicates the ability of the data to apply the factor analysis technique to them, and the significance level of Bartlett's test (0.000) indicates the ability to generalize the factor analysis to the entire population. The factor load also indicates a high correlation between the questions and the factor. The results of this test indicate that the construct validity of the research variables has been confirmed.

Based on the results of descriptive statistics, 61% of the respondents were male, 39% were female, and their average age was 44 years. About 90% of the respondents reported a bachelor's degree or higher. According to the findings, about 100 percent of the respondents had average and higher personal norms, knowledge, and environmental attitude.
In addition, the environmental values of 98.4 percent of respondents were reported to be medium and higher. The environmental norms of more than half of the respondents were at an average level or higher. Also, equivalent to 65.4 percent of the respondents have expressed their collective norms at an average level or higher.
The findings of inferential statistics showed that there is a significant, positive, and direct correlation between the variables of knowledge, attitude, value, individual norms, collective norms, environmental norms, and the total dimensions of environmental culture with environmental participation and that there is no correlation between environmental norms and environmental participation. Multivariate regression analysis was done to predict changes in the dependent variable (environmental participation) by a set of independent variables. According to the regression model, the correlation coefficient of independent research variables to explain participation is equal to 0.58. The proportion of the variance of the participation variable explained by the research variables is 33.7%. That is, 33.7% of the changes in the environmental participation variable are covered by independent variables. The beta coefficient indicates the influence of independent variables on participation. In addition, the research findings indicated a high level of environmental culture among the majority of respondents (97/3). Also, a positive, direct, and significant correlation was reported between environmental culture and the participation of NGO members.

The results of the research showed that NGOs are interested in participation, mostly in environmental protection and symbolic activities. This is due to their greater appearance in society and social impact, and causes more visibility and participation, strengthens the relationship with the local community and mid-level planners, and increases their bargaining power. According to the level of participation in NGOs and planning of members to prevent damage to nature, the results confirm and align with the new ecological paradigm of public sympathy towards other species, action to prevent danger to humans, nature, and participation. Also, because the members of NGOs consider themselves committed to environmental protection and have environmentalist behaviors and participation, there is an alignment with the value-belief-norm theory. The members of NGOs are the basis for changes in environmental behavior in the society. Although their activity and participation are subject to structural and social limitations; they are trying to improve the culture of participation and change in people and influence the construction of society. Finally, it can be said that in the interaction between culture and society, what guides people's behavior and participation, is culture, and by considering cultural dimensions or changes in them, it is possible to change the direction of people's actions and their participation in the direction of sustainable development.

The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of attitudinal factors affecting tax payment using the self-assessment system of taxpayers of the whole country. The research is of a mixed type in terms of the research method, exploratory in terms of the purpose, and applied in terms of the degree of application of the research. Therefore, in the first stage of the research, using a qualitative questionnaire, the main attitudinal factors affecting tax payment were identified and a quantitative (descriptive) questionnaire was designed using content analysis. Using the Cochran formula, the statistical population of this research was considered equal to 384 real taxpayers in Tehran province. The collected data has been analyzed using SPSS22 & Smart-PLS software in the form of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results of the research showed that risk aversion is the norm, ethics, tax justice, perceived risk and obligation to pay taxes; Risk aversion with an impact factor of 0.194, norm with an impact factor of 0.215, ethics with an impact factor of 0.211, tax justice with an impact factor of 0.265, perceived risk with an impact factor of 0.173, obligation to pay taxes with an impact factor of 259 0.0, have a positive effect on paying taxes of taxpayers of the entire country.

This research aims to provide a conceptual framework to explain the implementation of digital marketing in the capital market for stock brokerage companies in Tehran and the factors affecting its formation. In this regard, a survey field study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to a sample of 369 CEOs and vice presidents of brokerage companies. The questionnaire used included 9 dimensions and 38 items, which were distributed among the members of the statistical sample after ensuring reliability and validity.Partial least squares technique and SmartPLS software were used for data analysis. Based on the obtained results, perceived usefulness and perceived ease have a significant effect on the attitude towards digital marketing; Also, attitude, perceived risk, predictable regret, mental norms and behavioral control have a significant effect on the behavioral inclination towards digital marketing, and the latter has a positive and significant effect on the acceptance of digital marketing in the capital market   The results of fitting showed that the model proposed in this research has good validity and fit.

Today, the problem of traffic and air pollution in metropolitan areas has become a comprehensive challenge and several strategies have been proposed to reduce its effects in different cities. In recent years to focus on strategies based on behavioral economics has been of interest to researchers in developed countries. Accordingly, for reduce the problems of traffic and air pollution It is necessary to focus on the fundamental factors that make them and understanding the behavior of individuals and to change the behavior of individuals it is necessary to change the travel pattern of citizens. Theoretical model that used in this research is the theory of planned behavior(Ajzen,1991) that is based on the intention to do a behavior which is influenced by attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. In this research, 375 questionnaires were filled out by a stratified sampling method in Tehran. The results of multiple logit model indicate that educational level, age, attitude and perceived variables control are significant. Also crowded, time, access and prestige variables have an effective on individuals behavior in using public transportation. Indirect normative variable, which expresses the behavior of friends and people who are important to the person, affects the person's behavior in the use of public transportation. Increasing the level of education also tends to increase the use of public transport.