جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پانل آستانه ای » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

The economic conditions of the country have caused borrowers to have problems in repaying their loans, and as a result, the non-performing loans of banks have expanded, which means an increase in credit risk. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the non-linear effects of credit risk on the efficiency and productivity of 15 stock market banks in the period of 2014-2022.The Malmquist index and technical and efficiency changes were calculated to measure efficiency and productivity, that the efficiency change also was decomposed into net efficiency and scale efficiency. The findings showed that the productivity of banks increased by 6.3% annually; which its 1.9% was due to technical change and 4.3% due to efficiency improvement. In second section, the effect of credit risk on efficiency and productivity was estimated with an emphasis on bank size using the threshold panel regression method. The results of model (1) showed that the effect of credit risk on the banks productivity is in three forms according to the size of the bank as a threshold variable: when the size of the bank is less than 25 or more than 27, a one percent increase in credit risk will decrease productivity by 0.06 or 0.04 percent respectively; and when the bank size is between these two values, this effect is equivalent to 0.11 percent. The findings of model (2) also showed that when the size of the bank is less than 14 or more than 16, a one percent increase in credit risk causes a 0.03 or 0.04 percent decrease in bank efficiency, respectively.

Due to the heavy reliance on oil revenue in oil-exporting countries, fluctuations in oil prices can impact the social behavior of individuals within society. As a result, it appears that social capital, as a process of social institutions, is affected by oil rent. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of oil rent on social capital in selected OPEC oil-exporting countries from 2009 to 2020 using the threshold panel method. The findings indicate that the threshold value for the ratio of oil rent to GDP is estimated at 3.4%. Prior to this threshold, the ratio of oil rent to GDP had a positive and significant effect on social capital; however, after surpassing this threshold, the ratio of oil rent had a negative and significant effect on social capital. Inflation also had a non-linear effect on social capital, while government size did not have a significant impact. Based on these results and the detrimental effects of high levels of oil rent on social capital, it is necessary to control methods that divert oil resources towards rent-seeking activities. One solution could be removing control over oil rent from governments and transferring it directly to citizens. Experience with government management of oil has shown that instead of optimal allocation, most funds have been spent destructively; therefore, mismanagement has turned this divine gift into a curse.

Globesity means the shift in nutrition style resulting from globalization is increasing in developing countries. Although, economic globalization, ie international trade and foreign direct investment can affect nutrition and health through GDP. Changing the consumption style and culture and approaching to the consumption style of business partners through cultural, social and political globalization can increase obesity and overweight in developing countries. In this study, we examine the impact of different dimensions of globalization (economic, political, cultural and social) on obesity and overweight in 30 selected developing countries during the years 1995-2019 using the threshold panel method. The results indicate that all dimensions of globalization (economic, political, cultural and social) have a positive and significant effect on obesity and overweight. Moreover, in examining the intensity of the impact of the dimensions of globalization, cultural and social globalization have more impact on obesity and overweight than economic and political globalization, respectively. In particular, the intensity of the impact in both thresholds in all dimensions of globalization except the economic dimension after the regime change is greater than its before and its impact in economic and political globalization on obesity is more than overweight and in cultural and social globalization on overweigh is more than obesity.

One of the major problems of developing governments, such as those of OPEC member states, is the government deficit and rising public debt. One of the reasons for this public debt is government policies faced with income inequalities. The opposite side said that the increased income inequality can lead to capital accumulation and thus increase production and tax payments and reduce government debt. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of income inequality on government debt at OPEC member countries are in the period 2010 to 2018. The method used is the threshold panel. The research results show that the relationship between income inequality and public debt at the OPEC member states is U-shaped and not linear. In other words, the effects of income inequality on public debt at OPEC member states are like the threshold.

Achieving happiness has always been one of the goals of human societies, attracting the attention of many governors, scholars and researchers. In this regard, the link between oil revenues and happiness in oil-exporting countries is an important issue that has been little considered. In many internal and external studies, the relationship between the rents of oil revenues and many important economic variables, such as economic growth, has been investigated within the context of the resource curse hypothesis, but so far, the impact of oil rents on happiness has not been studied within the framework of the resource curse hypothesis. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine that how oil revenue rents affect happiness and is to test the resource curse hypothesis and the threshold impact of the oil rents on happiness in selected OPEC countries over the period of 2005-2016. For this purpose, using theoretical literature and applying the Threshold Panel method, the factors influencing happiness have been modeled. The results of the estimation of the research models have shown that the effect of oil on happiness is non-linear and threshold effect which it means that before the threshold of 43% of the ratio of oil rents to GDP, this variable has a significant positive impact on happiness, but so bypassing this threshold, the ratio of oil rents to GDP has had a significant negative impact on happiness in the OPEC countries.