جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "پیش فروش" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

Today, heavy competition in the petrochemical industry among countries requires that attention to the brand issue be given priority, especially companies related to the petrochemical industry in Iran due to the sanctions issues, can move by creating a strong industrial brand to protect their customers. In the present research, the design of the brand performance model in the petrochemical industry was discussed.

The research was conducted in a mixed method. The statistical population of the research included sales and marketing experts of 7 petrochemical companies, and 7 experts from these companies and 238 sales and marketing experts were considered as members of the statistical sample. By conducting interviews with brand experts in the petrochemical industry, as well as library studies, concepts and basic components of brand performance were identified. Among the 28 components identified from library studies, 11 components were identified in the expert analysis as components of the brand performance model, which were the basis of the analysis.

The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that among the 11 components mentioned, only 7 components significantly explain the performance of the brand. These 7 components are: sales efficiency, innovation in response, modeling, brand-oriented organizational capital, organizational competitive strategies, product quality, production and sales volume. Also, the results showed that the performance of the brand in the petrochemical industry is not in a favorable state in terms of innovation in customer response and production and sales volume.

One of the consequences of improving the performance of the brand in this industry, according to the research model, can be mentioned the improvement of the quality level of the products, meeting the market expectations, increasing the commitment and loyalty of customers, favorable financial performance and the development and prosperity of the industry.

The construction industry is one of the industries that requires significant capital. Funding is one of the main concerns of builders. Failure to provide it on time causes delays in the implementation of projects and as a result increases the cost. Among the financing methods of this industry are capital market instruments, especially sukuk. Despite the development of Islamic financial instrument and the use of other industries and economic enterprises, these methods have not yet been welcomed by manufacturers. There is a lack of acceptance even regarding istisna bond. So far, significant researches have been conducted in the field of jurisprudence and legal issues of this tool, but the research gap regarding the practical model and the reasons for its lack of acceptance is noticeable. One of these reasons is the impossibility of pre-selling the residential units of the project as a method of financing and risk management. The research question is about the possibility of using pre-sale in istisna bonds made by the founder. In this research, an attempt has been made to overcome this limitation by using two contracts of Salam and ijarah. In this regard, the proposed contracts have been analyzed from the aspect of jurisprudence and economic issues, and the advantages and suggested solutions for risk management of the models have also been presented. The results of the research indicate the possibility of using both contracts for pre-sale based on jurisprudence and economics. Of course, using an ijarah due to the payment of the unit price in the form of rent installments is a more desirable method and has the maximum compliance with the custom of this industry.

The life of a company depends on its growth and success, Therefore, the sales department of any company can be considered as one of the most vital parts of the companyBecause the best product or service has no value if it is not sold and the customer is not willing to pay for it.Sales is directly related to the capabilities of sales staffApart from the facilities, equipment and technologies, the level of expertise, skill and motivation of the sales staff is one of the most important effective criteria in realizing sales.Sales staff are considered part of the company's human resources, and human resources are one of the most important assets of any business as human capital.Internal marketing, which looks at the employees of the organization as internal customers, states that the internal customers should be considered as well as the external customers.And at the same time, their needs, desires and interests were given importance and while strengthening the motivation of the employees, it also increased their organizational commitment.In this article, we want to take into account the importance of sales in the survival and growth of the company and the role of sales employees in realizing sales goals and the importance of internal marketing in creating motivation and work spirit and organizational commitment of employees in the self-organization model.

The purpose of this paper was to model the intraday behavior of transactions based on trading hours on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, statistical data extracted from Rahnavard Novin software have been used for the period of April 2009 to September 2017 based on the frequency of daily data. The variables used in this study include trading volume, return fluctuations, and differences between the best selling price. In this study, the time period for trading on the Tehran Stock Exchange is divided according to the time of 15 minutes. The volume of transactions and behavioral patterns for the first 3 15-minute intervals and the last 3 15-minute time intervals were examined. The results of this study showed that at the beginning and end of the market, the values ​​of value variables and trading volume and the values ​​of change and price increase increase, and the volume and size of transactions, unlike price changes and returns, are maximized at the end of the day. The results indicate that in fact the volume and value of transactions follow the pattern (J) of the shape and yield and price changes follow the pattern (L). Based on the results, the volume and value of transactions at the beginning and end of the day is higher than other times and at the end of the day the transaction is maximized.

Most manufacturers are not involved with direct sales to consumers and sell their products through dealers and distributors. Determining the optimal location and number of dealerships to provide a service or product is one of the most important stages of firm's planning and is of utmost importance. The available location choice models are based on simplified assumptions such as linear city and one or two firms. The main objective of this paper is theoretical modeling of dealerships location and expansion of location choice models in such a way that its assumptions are closer to reality and could provide the necessary conditions for selection of optimal number of dealerships and optimal distribution of their location. For this purpose, Chen and Riordan (2007) and Lijesen and Reggiani (2013) models are used. The results indicate that the optimum number of dealers is a function of the number of streets, reserve price of consumers for each unit of goods, transport costs, the number of consumers located on every street and costs for creation dealership. Based on the results, if the costs for creation dealership are relatively high and transport costs is relatively low, then monopolist will agree for creation of a dealer on the city center and several dealers in the margins. In contrast, if the number of consumers located on every street is relatively small and number of streets is relatively high, then the monopolist will create a dealer in the city center.

The aim of this paper is to investigate and adopt the relationship between the forward earnings to price ratio and sales growth and also firm’s risk in Tehran stock exchange in a short term, midterm and long term periods. Hence, a sample of 67 firms from 2008 to 2014 is collected by a systematic elimination selection method. In this paper, we initially studied the relationship between forward earnings to price ratio and sales growth. Then we captured the relationship between forward earnings to price ratio and firm’s risk. In order to test hypothesis multiple regressions with estimated generalized least square method were employed. The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between forward earnings to price ratio and sales growth in all three horizons. Besides the results of testing the second hypothesis showed that there is no significant relationship between forward earnings to price ratio with firm’s risk in all three horizons.

The prevalence of electronic money has affected the volume of banknotes and coins in circulation in Iran. This paper aims to study and analyses the mechanism of e-money impacts on currency volume. In this regard، the effects of e-money issuance and development indicators، such as number of debit cards، number of ATM machines، number of Point of Sales (POS) terminals، number of terminals in bank branches، on the volume of banknotes and coins in circulation are estimated using quarterly data during 2004-2010. The estimation results show that the increase in the number of debit cards raises the volume of currency in circulation. This arises since the debit cards are often used to get money for daily and weekly purchases from ATM machines in Iran. In addition، the number of Point of Sales has a negative effect on the volume of currency in circulation.

Jurists, distinguished senior authorities and lawyers, have provided several solutions for the pre-sale and the possibility of its realization in the form of futures sales. The purpose of this paper is to study the strategies for such transactions. The result of the study show that pre-sale is not synonymous withfutures contract. But it is a broad concept that can include a wide variety of sales and contracts. Examples of different forms of pre-selling in today's society have emphasized the need for a comprehensive and integrated legislation and developing uniform standard relationships