entrepreneur city

An entrepreneurial city is a unified system, consisting of different elements designed and predicted accurately, and they work correctly together. There are two ways to identify these elements: the first way is the identification of elements based on entrepreneurs' and experts' ideas. Although this way gives precious information, because of not been tested in practice, it needs trial and error to achieve a successful entrepreneurial ecosystem. The other way is designing entrepreneurial ecosystem elements based on successful world ecosystems, and then, localizing the designed ecosystem according to every region's needs. Although this method needs some modifications over time, as is based on successful experiences, it may need less trial and error. This study aims to achieve entrepreneurial ecosystem elements by using the second approach. After selecting the four best entrepreneurial cities (Silicon Valley, New York, London, and Boston), the entrepreneurial ecosystem of these cities is studied through documentary study and qualitative content analysis. Then the elements are studied by a comparative study with the Boolean algebra method. Finally, two groups of elements are identified: the necessary components: economic and industrial architecture, culture, pioneer universities, entrepreneurship, and innovative governance; and contributing components: city infrastructure, pioneer organizations, and networking. In the next step, to rank the identified components, the TOPSIS method is used. Among contributing components, city infrastructure had the top score. All necessary components had the same score. This model can be used as a basis for designing an entrepreneurial city but may need localization for each region's needs.

Along with development of planning relationship and urban development market affected by globalization processes and urban competition, urban regeneration policies have taken a new form. However, in practice, urban regeneration processes are influenced by physical policies and up-to-down managerial approach in our country and less attention has been paid to transnational scale and entrepreneur approaches to facilitate these processes. Thus, this research tries to propose a conceptual framework for place marketing in urban regeneration affected by entrepreneur city approaches with qualitative-inductive method and using qualitative content analysis and comparative analysis of the world examples. For this purpose, eight samples of global experiences were compared (with maximum diversity sampling method). The results indicated that changes made in line with urban regeneration with entrepreneur city approach from change in managerial systems, and using corporate governance in line with market motivation and building capacity have initiated new types of participation. All these changes in all aspects were made aiming to improve infrastructures and increase quality of life. Protection of local identity and attention to global scales as well are accentuated in the process of attracting capital in place marketing. The results indicated that the use of such process in our country requires considering cultural, institutional, and legal aspects. In this regard, improving environment quality, promoting mental image of place, tourism development, facilitator rules and regulations, attention to local creativity, and efficient and transparent management are of great importance.