جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "fertility rate" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

In this comparative study, an attempt has been made to compare the population and several related indicators at the global and continental levels with population indicators and the position of Iran. This descriptive-analytical study used various sources such as books, articles, research reports, and related documents. The study evaluated the country's population outlook by analyzing birth and death rates, fertility rates, age structure, and migration patterns. T-tests and chi-square tests were employed to examine these variables in comparison with statistical data from other countries. Furthermore, population growth rates were compared between the country and continents such as Europe, Asia, and America, and the consistency among these rates was analyzed. While the country's urbanization rate has shown a steady increase over the past sixty years, rising from 31.4% in 1956 to 74% in 2015, this growth has been primarily concentrated in a few large metropolitan areas, especially Tehran. This trend is likely to persist, exacerbating the population density of metropolitan areas. The imbalanced growth of population and density, particularly in Tehran and a few other major cities, poses a significant challenge. It is therefore recommended that all national planning efforts be focused on mitigating this imbalance.

Population and fertility rates are one of the most important economic variables since they affect the aggregate labor supply and demand. Population growth has many influences on different aspects of life, such as markets, environment, education, employment, and finally economic growth. In this paper, we investigate the effect of economic variables such as per capita production, housing rent, family planning, women's participation rate. This study investigates the data of the variables in period of 1360-1395 about Iran which has been done by ARDL method. The results show that per capita income has a negative effect on fertility. The women's education and participation should be interpreted along with other factors, because alone are not good explanations for the total fertility rates. In these years when the government imposed a family planning programme, fertility rates have declined. The house rent rate also has unclear impact on fertility rate, because fertility rate is high when house rental rate is low, but when house rental rate is high, the fertility rate doesn't decrease.

In recent years, falling birth rate and rising life expectancy in many countries have led to the population aging which has brought about some problems. One of these problems is the negative impact of this phenomenon on the sustainability of the pension system. In this study we examine the impact of fertility rate on the sustainability of the pension system using the two-period overlapping generations model. The parameters of the model are calibrated using actual data of Iran's economy. The results of this analysis showed that the impact of fertility rate on the sustainability of the pension system is affected by the ratio of the child care cost to personal income and as long as the fertility rate is less than 4.12 percent, increasing the fertility rate leads to higher pension payment and improvement of the pension system sustainability.