جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "government policy" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

The literature on economic growth and development shows that domestic and foreign investment have been one of the most important pillars of economic growth. On the other hand, empirical studies often point to the positive impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth, especially in less developed countries. This paper, based on the Simultaneous Equations System approach, examines the interrelationships between economic growth, FDI, and government policies along with other important macroeconomic variables. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between FDI changes and economic growth in Iranian economy during the period of 1971-96. The government's expansionary fiscal policy in the form of increased infrastructure spending and lower tax revenues has had a significant positive impact on GDP and FDI changes. The human capital index also has a positive and significant effect on FDI changes, but an increase in the nominal exchange rate reduces FDI inflows into the economy. Finally, the dummy variable of the sanctions of 2012 has had a significant negative impact on GDP and FDI changes.

Fiscal illusion is one of the effective factors on government’s budget status. Fiscal illusion refers to misinterpretation of financial parameters and overestimation and underestimation of expenditure and tax liabilities that leads to bias in budgetary decision at all levels of the government. Therefore, fiscal illusion in taxpayers confronts the politicians and the decision makers with a structure of motivations that prompts the adoption of public spending (expenditure) plans and increases the size of the government and its expenditure.The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of fiscal illusion on budgetary policy in selected developing countries between 2000 and 2014. For this purpose, we used dynamic panel data and a System Generalized Method of Moments GMM estimator. The results showed that fiscal illusion had a positive effect on budget deficit. So that the effect of fiscal illusion on budget deficit in the oil exporting countries it is higher than other countries; in the countries with high budget deficit is higher than in the countries with low budget deficit; in the countries with high fiscal illusion is higher than in the countries with low fiscal illusion, and in the high income countries is higher than other countries. Inflation has a positive effect and exchange rate as well as the degree of trade openness has negative effect on budget deficit.

There are different views about definitions of entrepreneurship. Shane and Venkataraman introduce entrepreneurship as discovery, assessment, and use of opportunities, and Schumpeter believes that entrepreneurship is creative destruction and innovation in a current position. But most of the entrepreneurial scientists are agree that entrepreneurship is the main factor in economic development. In recent years, by the growth of studies in the research area of entrepreneurship, the entrepreneurship development has become as one of the known factors in dynamic business environments and economic development of countries. In terms of sanctions, Iran put itself in self-sufficiency status and tried to explore, evaluate and use internal opportunities. Now with the disappearance of international sanctions, more opportunities will be created in entrepreneurship development, that uses these opportunities can help for rehabilitation of the country situation in economic development. One of the key factors in facilitates this process is the policies that are applied for entrepreneurship development in the country and exploitation of available entrepreneurial opportunities. The emphasize of this article is, to present a conceptual framework, in the direction of highlighting the role of government policy in the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities and facilitating entrepreneurial activities. This research has an overviews nature, and reviews, analysis, documents conclusions, text and theoretical foundation have been used to provide a theoretical framework. Findings show that government policies can influence on exploitation process of entrepreneurial opportunities in different domain like economic, social, politic, cultural or education.

There are different views about definitions of entrepreneurship. Shane and Venkataraman introduce entrepreneurship as discovery, assessment, and use of opportunities, and Schumpeter believes that entrepreneurship is creative destruction and innovation in a current position. But most of the entrepreneurial scientists are agree that entrepreneurship is the main factor in economic development. In recent years, by the growth of studies in the research area of entrepreneurship, the entrepreneurship development has become as one of the known factors in dynamic business environments and economic development of countries. In terms of sanctions, Iran put itself in self-sufficiency status and tried to explore, evaluate and use internal opportunities. Now with the disappearance of international sanctions, more opportunities will be created in entrepreneurship development, that uses these opportunities can help for rehabilitation of the country situation in economic development. One of the key factors in facilitates this process is the policies that are applied for entrepreneurship development in the country and exploitation of available entrepreneurial opportunities. The emphasize of this article is, to present a conceptual framework, in the direction of highlighting the role of government policy in the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities and facilitating entrepreneurial activities. This research has an overviews nature, and reviews, analysis, documents conclusions, text and theoretical foundation have been used to provide a theoretical framework. Findings show that government policies can influence on exploitation process of entrepreneurial opportunities in different domain like economic, social, politic, cultural or education.

There has been an increasing interest in examining regional convergence in the field of economic growth models in the past decade. A standard method of examining convergence has been the method introduced by Barro and Sal-I-Martin (1991, 1992, 1995). Although there have been many extensions in examining convergence and especially in line with endogenous growth models, but there has been few studies to analyze the effects of government policies on regional convergence. We have examined convergence in Iran's provinces by using per capita demand deposits (a method first applied by Rahmani and Eckey (2004)). The results on convergence are mixed. By assuming convergence (which is confirmed by empirical on Beta-convergence), we have examined the effects of government policies by using some indexes. The empirical results imply that the speed of convergence across Iran's provinces has been lowered by the government policies. Therefore, this study shows that government policies to reduce the gap between provinces have not been successful in Iran.