جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "kuznets curve" در نشریات گروه "اقتصاد"

Inequality of income and consumption of renewable and non-renewable energies is one of the important issues of many countries and has many economic, social and environmental dimensions. Also, income inequality is one of the most important obstacles to the development of different societies. In this research, using data from 1389 to 1398 and the method of generalized moments (GMM), in addition to income inequality, the effect of economic growth and urbanization on electricity consumption in the provinces of Iran has been investigated. The results show that a 1% increase in the Gini coefficient reduces electricity consumption by more than 5%. Also, a 1% increase in GDP increases electricity consumption by more than 1.5%. This is despite the fact that the square of gross domestic product has a negative and significant effect on electricity consumption, and an increase of one percent causes a decrease in electricity consumption by more than 0.03 percent.   Therefore, the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between gross domestic product and electricity consumption in Iran's provinces is confirmed. Finally, the results show a positive and significant effect of urbanization on electricity consumption, so that with a 1% increase, electricity consumption increases by more than 0.2%.

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of information and communication technology on the quality of the environment (publication pollutant gases, carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases) and ecological footprint (from three aspects of the effect individual, country reserves trend and land type) in member countries of the Economic Co-operation and development  Organization is using the panel data method in the time period of 1992-2018.The results showed Expanding the use of ICT  in the mentioned countries has a positive effect on improving the quality of the environment And It has reduced the emission of carbon dioxide, greenhouse gases and ecological footprint.Furthermore, the consequences of ICT on the quality of the environment in the long term have been more than in the short term. Therefore, the findings showed that the substitution effect of ICT (substitution of online activities) compared to Income effect (increased leisure time from the substitution effect and increased travel demand) in the case study has been dominant.

This study examines the Kuznets environmental curve among D8 countries in the period 1961–2016. The Kuznets environmental curve shows the reversed U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. In this paper, two methods of time series estimation and smooth panel transition estimation were used to test the hypothesis of this relationship. Also, the ecological footprint index was used as an indicator of environmental degradation. The time series estimation results show that there is a nonlinear relationship in all D8 countries but the classical Kuznets hypothesis was confirmed only in Malaysia, Egypt and Turkey and in other countries the relationship was not inverted U. In Iran, the relationship between GDP per capita and the per capita ecological footprint is N-shaped, and at the GDP levels of $5864 and $10514, the relationship between the two variables will change. On the other hand, testing of the Kuznets hypothesis by using panel smooth transition models showed that there was a nonlinear relationship between GDP and ecological footprint in D8 countries with a threshold. There was a direct relationship between ecological footprint and GDP per capita when economic growth below 8.3 percent and reverse relationship when economic growth above 8.3 percent