جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « topsis method » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

Energy supply and ensuring energy security for countries is a vital goal to achieve growth and sustainable development. Energy security provides a country's ability to meet current and future energy demand, resilience, and responsiveness to minimize systematic shocks to supply disruptions. This study uses five dimensions; Availability, Accessibility, Affordability, Acceptability, and Develop-ability, as well as by using entropy-weight and TOPSIS method, the composite index of Iran's energy security for the period 1980-2019 has been measured. The results show that Iran's energy security has decreased in the period under review. The highest level of energy security was 0.716 in 1982 and the lowest level was 0.272 in 2018. Also, the level of energy security was higher than 0.5 in the periods 1980 to 1987 and 1991 to 1993, and lower than 0.5 in the periods 1988 to 1990 and 1994 to 2019.

Optimum financing of economic enterprises is a necessary action that can improve the quality and quantity of domestic industries in the prevailing competitive environment and ultimately lead to the economic growth and prosperity of the country. Investigations show that some of the production plans in the country, such as steel projects, are defined with liquidity problems in order to achieve production capacity, therefore, considering the importance of steel projects in the country's economy, so far the issue of choosing the optimal method of financing the relevant industry as a No special attention is needed. Therefore, in the current research, we are seeking to discover the most optimal financing model for Iran's steel industry based on a series of specific criteria. In this study, through the statistical technique of multi-criteria decision-making and the design and distribution of a questionnaire to experts in order to prioritize the financing methods of the steel industry, which were extracted through a semi-structured interview, and the analysis and final ranking of the obtained information Using the TOPSIS method, the factors and financing methods of the steel industry were evaluated, and in this regard, pairwise comparisons were used to rank the factors and weights. The results of this study indicate that the project fund option compared to other options, including: construction, exploitation and ownership, parallel istisna, bonds convertible into shares, partnership bonds and lease bonds are of the highest priority according to It has components and criteria such as reasonable cost, etc. compared to other financing options, so it is suggested that companies active in the steel industry in the country prioritize financing in this way.

The effect of using women's capacities inthe development process has emphasized in many researches. Although progress has made in recent years in equal access to educational opportunities, the question raised in this context is whether equal access to educational opportunities has been extended to labor market. Therefore, this research is dedicated to ranking status of Iran's provinces in terms of gender equality in education and labor market in 2016. We used TOPSIS method for ranking and using Pearson's correlation, to evaluate the relationship between equality in education and equality in the labor market. The findings indicate the provinces of Isfahan, Kerman, Gilan and Alborz are inthe group of provinces with the highest level of gender equality in the education sector; While the provinces of Qazvin, North Khorasan and West Azerbaijan show the highest gender equality in the labor market. Findings shows, provinces with the most gender equality in the education sector are not necessarily in the best position in the labor market from the perspective of gender equality. Also, despite the increase of gender equality in the education sector in recent years, no significant relationship was observed between gender equality in this sector and gender equality in the labor market.

These days, agriculture is an inseparable part of the economy and one of the axes of development, so the importance of this is visible to everyone. The lack of agricultural development and inequality in the field of agricultural development is the most critical factor of inequality in rural development. Recognizing the state of advantage or deprivation of the cities leads to modifying policies and priorities, ultimately leading to the movement toward social justice. This research aims to investigate the degree of development of the counties of Qazvin province in the field of 27 studied indicators. The degree of agricultural development of this province's cities was obtained using statistical information, the Entropy model, and the TOPSIS technique, and finally, showing the spatial distribution with GIS software. The results indicate that Qazvin county is highly developed, Takestan county is at the developed level, Buin-Zahra, Abyek, and Avaj counties are at the medium level, and Alborz county is at the deprived level of agricultural development. Qazvin county has a high level of agricultural development due to being the center of the province, having a large area, and a transit road to the capital and other centers of the provinces. Moreover, other counties have also decreased their level of development in the agricultural sector due to the decrease of many indicators and the presence of various reasons. Due to its small size, the presence of industrial centers and counties, more attention to the industry sector, and lack of attention to the agricultural sector, Alborz county needs more development in this sector and is at the lowest level of development.

The purpose of this study is to prioritize the economic activities in Esfahan Province, with a sustainable development approach and an emphasis on the importance of water scarcity in economic activities. In the first stage, the SFLQ method was used to prepare an input-output table for Esfahan Province. Then, the economic activities in the province were prioritized by using six criteria including the intensity of interdepartmental communication and value-added (economic dimension), job creation (social dimension) as well as energy intensity, water intensity and pollution (environmental dimension). Moreover, a combination of an input-output model and the TOPSIS method was applied. According to the results of this study, among the activities in the province, "transportation" proved to have the highest priority. It was also found that the ignorance of water use as an important criterion can lead to significantly different prioritization results.For example, in the prioritization of economic activities taking into account the criteria of water intensity the "Agriculture" sector is in the 20th place, while in the prioritization without taking into account the criteria of water intensity, it has been promoted to the first place. Also, in the "Food, Beverage and Tobacco Industries" and "Clothing Manufacturing, Tanning and Leather Finishing" in the prioritization taking into account the water intensity criterion, it is ranked 17th and 11th respectively, while the ranking of these sectors in the prioritization without considering Water intensity criterion has been upgraded to seventh and fifth rank.

Considering the international policy towards sustainable development and conflict of the energy subsidy with the SDG, the present study examines the effects of subsidy on the realization of sustainable development in the selected countries. For this purpose, by designing and constructing a Composite Indicator (CI) for sustainable development, the performance of the top five countries in the world in terms of paying the most energy subsidies (first group), is compared with the performance of the world's large economies in terms of the highest rate of GDP (second group, mainly without paying energy subsidies). The hypotheses of the research are: 1) there is a negative relationship between the rankings of countries in terms of the largest energy subsidies with the ranking based on the realization of sustainable development. 2) the countries of the second group (with the lowest energy subsidies) have on average a better situation in achieving sustainable development compared to the countries of the first group. 3) among the countries of the second group, China has the least realization in sustainable development by paying significant energy subsidies.

In the present study, the composite index of sustainable development is investigated using 12 variables in the form of three economic, social and environmental dimensions and based on the design of Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM). The targeted CI is calculated using seven approaches: Z-Score, Max-Min, McGranahan, Experts’ Judgements Scoring, Guttman, TOPSIS and VIKOR, for selected countries over the period of 1990-2020, and the results are presented and compared at static and dynamic levels. To weight the variables, the same weighting technique, McGranahan, EJ scoring, Guttman and CRITIC (Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation) are used in the calculations.

The results of the study indicate the unfavorable situation of Iran in paying energy subsidies (ranked first in the world) and the realization of sustainable development (ranked last among the countries surveyed); Germany, on the other hand, ranks first in the study without paying energy subsidies. Ranking countries at the dynamic level, while eliminating the existing problems at the static level, indicates a strong negative relationship between paying energy subsidies and achieving sustainable development. This confirms the first hypothesis of the research. In this regard, the correlation between the average energy subsidy and SDIMax-Min  has been increased to -0.74 and the ranked correlation between SDIMax-Min  and subsidy payment has been improved to -0.85. On the other hand, the average values of sustainable development indicators, with the change of study approach and weighting techniques, have had similar and stable results, which all indicate that the ranking of countries in different situations has become more realistic in the dynamic level compared to the static level. Also, the comparison of the average sustainable development realization in the first and second groups, shows that in terms of quantity and rank, the countries of the second group have a significant advantage over the first group, which means confirming the second hypothesis. And finally, in the ranking based on 7 approaches, China is ranked 4th after Germany, America and Japan in 6 approaches, which means confirming the third hypothesis. The results of sensitivity analysis indicate the high share of life expectancy, per capita income and education index in the targeted CI.

Regarding some minor differences in the results of the seven approaches, using De Montis et al. (2021)'s experience based on calculating the average ranks and Miç & Figen Antmen (2021)'s experience based on setting the criterion of the highest repetition of the rank in different approaches, all hypotheses are confirmed and the ranking of the countries does not change. Also, if we perform a sensitivity analysis on the approaches, there will be no change in the final ranking result. The main suggestion derived from the results of the research is the necessity of planning to eliminate energy subsidies in the country in accordance with international policies from 2015. However, according to Mohammadipour et al. (2022), the removal of energy subsidies and the modification of the energy carriers’ prices creates very extensive and lasting (long-term) destructive effects on macroeconomic variables. On the other hand, according to Taylor (2020), based on the REmap (Renewable Energy roadmap analysis) by IRENA (International Renewable Energy Agency), firstly, policy development in the direction of renewable energy, nuclear, etc., and planning to reduce fossil fuel subsidies have been identified in the form of two axes (until 2030 and until 2050). And secondly, a special path has been drawn to manage and move from harmful subsidies to the environment and sustainable development to environmentally friendly subsidies until 2050. Therefore, considering the destructive effects of energy subsidies, it is suggested that all reforms and removal of energy subsidies should be carried out in the form of a comprehensive, regulated, gradual program with a strong redistributive role of the government. Secondly, all these actions should be done in line with the global planning and policy and taking into account the REmap. Also, the research results of the study suggest that in the design of MADM models, when the data are of the time series type, Z-Score, Max-Min, McGranahan, Experts’ Judgements Scoring and Guttman approaches perform better (and more recommended) by replacing the opposite variable for each time series data. However, when the data are not in the time series form, the performance of TOPSIS and VIKOR approaches are optimal (and more recommended) by simplifying complex relationships.

There is a situation that due to economic shocks and imbalances in structural budgets and its continuation leads to stress in governments in uncertainty conditions. Fiscal stress as a volatile situation in financing of local governments can exacerbate the inability of governments to meet short-term and long-term fiscal commitments and excessive dependence on the central government. So the positive and negative effects of stress are related to the actions and responses of central and local governments. It is essential that policymakers in central and local governments pay attention to accurate and timely signs of fiscal stress for respond to stresses effects. In this study, we tried to clarify the fiscal situation in 31 provinces of Iran by calculating the local fiscal stress index from variables of fiscal structure and budget of each province and then estimate the threshold and spatial effects of the index through Panel Smooth Transition Regression method on economic growth and employment over the period 2005-2017. The results show that border provinces have the highest stress among other provinces, and provinces located in the center or near the capital have less stress. These results indicate the high centralism that exists in the provinces of Iran and has hindered the fiscal independence of local governments so that they can control and regulate their own revenues and expenditures, and in this case, they suffer less fiscal pressure and stress.

The economic literature has long conceptualized the terms of absolute and comparative advantage, and so the competitive advantage theory has been introduced for explaining the regional inequalities in recent decades. However, the results of previous studies have not been able to indicate caused factors of the regional inequalities in Iran. In other words, the above three advantages cannot explain the differences in the levels of development in Iran’s regions. For this reason, the present paper doesn’t try to evaluate regional imbalances with the economic variables and advantages, but it tries to focus on economic power crystallized in political power. This study examines the distribution of Political-Economic Power Advantage (PEPA) among the regions of Iran during the period of 2012-2019. In this regard, it depicts the power imbalances between the provinces of Iran based on the budget of institutions and their officials as well. The results show that PEPA is unevenly distributed among the provinces of Iran. Based on the government’s centralized and comprehensive dominance over the budget, the inequality of political-economic power among the provinces of Iran can be considered as a factor for the unbalanced regional development.

In the twelfth paragraph of Overall employment policies, issued by the supreme leader of Iran, the "reduction of the provincial unemployment in the provinces which have the rates above the national average" has been argued as a general policy. This subject can be interpreted in terms of gender point of view into two parts, the proximity of females and males unemployment rates in the provinces to the average unemployment rate of the country. While the theoretical foundations and available studies have indicated a significant relationship between provincial labor market development and social harms but, the results of these studies are different. Therefore, this research attempts to explore the interaction between the labor market and social harms in terms of gender in the provinces of Iran. The labor market development in this study is estimated with female employment indicators and integrated by using TOPSIS method. Also social harms of the provinces are measured by using the divorce rates. Using panel data method, the results of this research suggest that there is a significant and negative relationship between the females’ labor market development and divorce rates. In other words, the divorce rates have reduced by the females’ labor market development. From the policy point of view, this finding recommends the possibility of modifying the social harm by an economic decision.

Today capital accumulation and capital productivity, as two important factors in Economics, have been utilized to measure the success of a country's economy. Explaining investment situation in country is significant since its variations and especially its contribution to GDP considered as a good index to identify the wellbeing of the economy and welfare of the people; on the other hand, it is an index for financial power, facilities construction, and capacity building in country. Due to the importance of financial structure in different fields, the major factors that affect the financing of projects and firms, significant and important. So that any company could consider each of the determinants and the effective planning and decision-making in relation to the financial structure. In this paper, we discuss the theoretical basis was explained, at a later stage using a literature review and expert opinions, the criteria for favorable financing Islamic capital market and ultimately identify the criteria used to prioritize value was thinking. And finally these criteria by using Topsis method are priorized. Indeed the hypothesis of this project is recording to an idea that expresses Resistance Economy is a special designing and modelizing of economic conditions and mechanism that according to which economic situation of country is designed active and not passive.

One of the common goals of economic growth and development of communities of all time. Therefore it is very important factors contributing to the improvement of the target. Among the sectors that plays a significant role in the growth and economic development can be traced to the insurance industry. Among the ways that lead to the development of the insurance industry can be categorized as insurance companies The ranking results in transparency, increase efficiency and non-price competition in the market leads. By focusing on the goal of the present study to be rated insurance companies in North Khorasan province in the years 1391 and 1392 Based on indicators of premium, policy number, amount and method of compensation Topsis deals. Data is provided by insurance companies in the province. To determine the contribution of each of the indicators, the AHP method is used. The results show that the only public insurance company ranked first Among 13 insurance companies in both Two consecutive years has been in business.

Nowadays the sustainable development has become one the main goals of the governments and states. On the other hand, an evaluation of the development history in the west shows that the main aim of the capitalist system in development is to reach economic welfare which simply originates from the western materialistic worldview. On the contrary, the main aim of the development in Islam is the spiritual progress of the human beings. The differences between Islam and the west considering the concept of development, is just because of their differences in defining human and bliss. In the capitalistic framework, development means that all political, economic, social and cultural systems of the country try to work hard for reaching the economic growth. It means that in this viewpoint, it is the economic matter that all the plans should focus on. The materialistic worldview is the origin of such beliefs. However, in an Islamic context, the aim is not just the economic situation of the country. But other spiritual dimensions are considered equally important. In fact, in Islam, development means strengthening the society, as a whole, toward the “Seir Ela Allah”. From this point of view, the economic development would be a way not a goal. Considering this point of view, this paper tries to shed some lights on the Islamic development indexes and compare it to that of conventional economics. Then, it tries to rank the Iranian provinces using these indexes. Shannon Entropy and TOPSIS method are used for classifying the provinces. The results show that Gom, Tehran and Khorasan Razavi are the first three tops according to the considered indexes.

Nowadays, due to the increasing rate of environmental complexities and the growing number of effective factors in making appropriate decisions, making decisions based on scientific principles has obtained a specific status among the top managers. Opting for the best consultancy firm, as one of the most important decisions the top managers would make for receiving consultancy services, has changed into a vital decision regarding the complications of the current business atmosphere and the effects of the quality of such services on the future sustenance of an economic enterprise. In this paper, in order to make a proper decision to opt for an appropriate consultant in devising strategic plans, a nine-step procedure is presented the most important advantages of which are the pre-qualification of the alternatives and the classification of decision-making criteria into general and specific groups. The proposed procedure has been investigated and analyzed utilizing the real data collected from Tehran Beautification Organization (TBO). The results show that the proposed procedure for selecting consultants for strategic plans in urban management is of high applicability and replicability.