جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رمزارز » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

The state of development of technology in today's world is such that the development process and the future of the world in the field of technology cannot be accurately predicted. In the meantime, blockchain technology has been highly regarded as a revolutionary technology. This technology is a protocol that allows information to be exchanged directly between contracting parties in a network without the need for intermediaries. Blockchain has been one of the most important technology trends in recent years, and banking is one of those sectors that many experts believe will accept major changes from blockchain technology. Considering the revolutionary impact that blockchain technology can have on the banking system, it will be very important to examine the impact of this technology on the banking system, which represents how to create, present and acquire value in this sector. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of this technology in the banking system. In order to achieve this goal, the method of data collection is the type of document-library research and sample statistics, and it is quantitative-qualitative in nature, and the method is a survey, and the tools used are questionnaires and field observations. According to this research, it confirms the effectiveness of blockchain technology on the banking system. Finally, considering that blockchain technology will challenge almost all the core sectors of the banking system, it is necessary for banks to adopt a suitable strategy to deal with the threats and use the opportunities resulting from this technology.

Along with the growth of new technologies, the necessity of developing financing methods in the capital market is felt more and more. The more financing methods are compatible with new technologies, the more dynamic and prosperous the capital market will be. The technology of cryptocurrencies, which has been proposed in the context of blockchain in the financial and economic world, is one of the latest technologies that is being followed by economic activists in the world today. Researching and finding solutions for the use of cryptocurrencies in the capital market will greatly help the development of this market in the country. Methods such as tradable funds based on cryptocurrencies, stock exchange companies investing in cryptocurrencies buying and selling platforms, using the capacity of cryptocurrencies ICOs, can be considered. Also, the challenges that exist in this path from the point of view of jurisprudence and legislation should be analyzed and analyzed in order to pave the way for the implementation of the above solutions.

In recent years, with the definition and development of a new phenomenon called cryptocurrencies, we have witnessed challenging and scientific discussions about the origin of the value of these currencies. The evolution of cyberspace and the effects of blockchain and the emergence of virtual currencies have overshadowed the theories put forward in response to questions about money, including the value of money, and presented a new structure. It seems that the expansion of cyberspace will have fundamental effects and changes on scientific and knowledge issues, and this assumption can be seen in virtual currencies. Meanwhile, with the expansion and general popularity of the people of the country to buy and sell virtual currencies, determining the appropriate position and answering religious and Islamic issues in the field of various cryptocurrencies, including their value in the Islamic economic system has become necessary and inevitable. Therefore, first, the views of monetary schools on the value of money and virtual currencies are analyzed using basic and descriptive methods, and then, using valid jurisprudential methods, the Islamic view on the value of money is explained. Finally, operational suggestions and a suitable model for designing national cryptocurrencies based on Islamic values are presented. The results based on the research hypotheses show that first, credit matters such as cryptocurrencies in Islam will be valuable and acceptable when they have a valuable value in the real world to be recognized as valid, and credit without value is not acceptable in Islam. Second, cryptographic protocols can be designed in a way that is based on Islamic values, and in designing Islamic cryptocurrencies, these protocols must be considered.

The purpose of this article was to provide a dynamic and dynamic model to explain how to transfer the pervasive risk of cryptocurrencies in the world markets. In this regard, the statistical information of the cryptocurrency market index and the data of the Nasdaq, New York, Toronto, London, Frankfort, Madrid, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Mumbai stock market indices were used. In this research, the data related to the cryptocurrency market and financial markets from July 2012 to July 2022 have been used. In the first part of this study, using the information of the period 2012-2022, based on the frequency of monthly data for the financial markets, the comprehensive risk criterion has been calculated using the method of value at risk, conditional interval and expected loss. In the second part, using multivariate conditional heteroscedastic variance autocorrelation method (MGARCH), the external effects related to pervasive risk related to cryptocurrency were estimated on financial markets. The obtained results indicate that there are spillover effects between financial markets and an increase in pervasive risk in each of the financial markets leads to an increase in pervasive risk in other financial markets. In the second part, using multivariate conditional heteroscedastic variance autocorrelation method (MGARCH), the external effects related to pervasive risk related to cryptocurrency were estimated on financial markets. The obtained results indicate that there are spillover effects between financial markets and an increase in pervasive risk in each of the financial markets leads to an increase in pervasive risk in other financial

The entry of cryptocurrencies into the capital market and their increasing price has created a fundamental change in the international currency and monetary exchanges of the world. The present study uses data from 2015 to 2021 to investigate the relationship between causality and dynamic conditional correlation between the price variable of 9 cryptocurrencies with different creation mechanisms. The results of this study show that Bitcoin, Litecoin and Ethereum, which have a proof-of-work mechanism, have a dynamic conditional correlation relationship in the short and long run.On the other hand, the dynamic conditional correlation coefficient of Ripple, Nano and Monero that have proof of stake mechanism and EOS, Tron and Stellar that have new consensus mechanisms were not significant in the short run but in the long run, their relationship is statistically significant. Also, there is a two-way causality relationship between the price of Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum and Monero. But among the prices of Tron, Stellar, Nano and Ripple with a newer consensus mechanism than other cryptocurrencies, there is mainly a one-way causality relationship.

Virtual currency was proposed with the aim of facilitating financial affairs and creating money without the presence of intermediaries and by people in the community. This type of money has no central service provider or financial institution to control the transfer; Because everything is based on peer-to-peer communication. Now, since the use of digital or electronic currencies in the domestic and global markets is expanding rapidly, we are forced to discuss and research its various aspects from a jurisprudential point of view. Let's know its nature and special features - that the inference of Sharia rulings is possible only through its identification. After clarifying the various aspects of these currencies, we find that many of the doubts that have arisen about their legitimacy are due to the lack of knowledge of the nature and technology of their production and exchange with them based on this technology. The ruling on the sanctity of cryptocurrency mining operations and the sanctity of transactions with them is very difficult from the perspective of Imamiyah jurisprudence in terms of the first ruling. In this article, an attempt is made to check the accuracy of transactions with cryptocurrencies using the method of ijtihad and to answer all the problems related to it.

At the same time as the 2008 financial crisis, the world faced the idea of decentralizing "money," and the first decentralized currency based on pure computer credit was introduced in 2009. This idea, which was also raised by Hayek in the 1970s, created various forms of "private money" in the economy. Meanwhile, the Islamic State's approach to these types of currencies has been a topic of discussion. In this study, we used the thematic analysis method to examine the Islamic State's confrontation with proof-of-work cryptocurrency in accordance with its duties. We identified the proportion of cryptocurrencies with attention to the decentralized characteristic of the right to create it, using six tasks of justice: preserving the value of national currency, independence, and economic security, market stability, employment, and taxation. As a result of this study, we concluded that the government should address this phenomenon proactively and in a decentralized manner while considering the risks and opportunities it presents. Initially, cryptocurrencies posed a potential threat to the government's monetary governance, but they also have opportunities. The government's approach to mining should be informed by considerations of energy security and other sectors, from consumer education to targeted restrictions. This suggests that the government's flexible approaches can adapt to future market developments, and that extensive bans on technological attractions are ineffective. Targeted restrictions can be implemented to address necessary challenges.

Due to the lack of investment to enhance the electricity production capacity, Iran is facing electricity shortages and power cuts. Energy conversion agreements have been one of the solutions proposed by the government to attract investors to this industry. Ministry of Energy’s lack of financial resources, in addition to lower energy demand during off-peak seasons, has led to a reluctance towards increasing the attractiveness of energy conversion agreements for investors. On the other hand, the expansion of the cryptocurrency mining industry has increased the burden on the power grid, especially during the warmer seasons.
Drawing on financial modeling and Comfar software, this article demonstrates the attractiveness of combining decentralized power plants and cryptocurrency mining farms as an investment opportunity. Furthermore, the paper proposes limiting energy conversion contracts to four months of the year - when there exists a higher demand for electricity. Removing the requirement from power plants to supply solely to the government, by allowing them to supply the electricity they generate directly to cryptocurrency mining fields (or other customers), will decrease the burden on the financial resources of government, and furthermore, could lead to generating income by selling natural gas during the off-peak seasons. Furthermore, the government can increase the guaranteed basic price of agreements by drawing on the resulting financial resources, thus increasing the attractiveness of investment in the electricity production industry.

The lack of attention to policymaking for the cyberspace field in Iran, has left the opportunities present in this field under-utilized, whereas the harms emanating from this field are spreading. Policymaking has several dimensions, including problem recognition, design, formulation, legitimization, implementation, and evaluation. Cryptocurrencies are one of the products that are based on blockchain technologies. Even though many countries are searching for strategies to utilize the benefits presented by this technology, the challenges present in this field has meant that a unitary comprehensive approach to these challenges has not yet been proposed. A comprehensive model policymaking for cryptocurrencies, should take full advantage of global achievements, whilst being compatible with the local context and requirements. In line with foregoing, this article attempts to analyze the components of a policymaking model for cryptocurrencies; the relationships between them; the threats posed by cryptocurrencies; the key actors; and the potential roles of the central bank.
The present paper can be classed as mixed developmental-applied research. The qualitative data for the purpose of this study was collected via MaxQuda software. Data theorizing was based on qualitative analysis foundation's method. After undertaking coding, the opinions of experts in the field were gathered and analyzed according to structural equation modeling method of Partial least square (PLS). The model was subsequently confirmed by quantitative analysis. The paper ends with presenting suggestions for future research.

In recent years, new tools have been developed to control the economies of other countries around the world. One of these tools is cryptocurrencies based on China Blockchain technology, which provides new tools for countries and some multinational corporations that allow them to control, manipulate and influence widely other economies around the world. With their peer-to-peer operating structure, these currencies have pushed the central banks away, which have always been the intermediaries of national and international transactions in the traditional economy. This lack of sovereignty and government oversight of digital currency transactions and the lack of adequate backing such as gold and silver have raised doubts about cryptocurrencies. Therefore, the main question of the present article is "Why has the extent and manner of using blockchain technology become one of the main areas of conflict between government actors (with each other and also with non-government actors) in national and international monetary systems?"To answer this question, it should be said that the reason for the extent and manner of using blockchain technology to become one of the main areas of conflict between government actors with each other and also with non-government actors in national and international monetary systems is weakening. There is a strong possibility of monetary and fiscal policies by national governments if the use of payment systems based on blockchain technology is expanded.

Bitcoin soon attracted the attention of experts and the general public around the world, including the Islamic community. Due to the novelty of the subject, although little research has been done to examine the legitimacy of bitcoin mining from the perspective of Muslim thinkers, this paper is responsible for examining two reasons in the research of contemporary Sunni thinkers. The two reasons for "violation of the sovereignty in the issuance of money" and "the truth of gambling" are among their strongest arguments for the sanctity of bitcoin mining. A comparative analysis of these two reasons leads us to the conclusion that in addition to the major premise of the sovereign monopoly on the issuance of money, the minor premise of its application to bitcoin mining is not provable; As from the point of view of Imami jurisprudence, there is no valid reason for either the minor or the major premise. As for the title of gambling, although the prohibition of gambling is one of the prerogatives of Shiite and Sunni jurisprudence, but in terms of minority, it is not applicable to bitcoin mining. In addition, the novelty of the present paper is to prove that the title of reward (Joaleh) is thematically and ruling consistent with bitcoin mining, so bitcoin mining can be considered a kind of Joaleh, which is considered a religious and valid unilateral obligation.

Institution of the family, its functions and welfare in Islam have a special place. The share of food costs in the total household expenditure is one of the indicators of welfare and increasing the household dimension as one of its functions is affects this index. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the share of urban and rural households' food cost with emphasis Islam's approach to the household dimension using the least weighted least squares method  and income and expenditure data of 9578 households in Isfahan province during the period (2006-2014). The results show that with the increase of the total household cost and the change of housing of households from rural to urban, the share of food costs decreases. Also, with the increase of the household dimension and the increase of the age of the head of the household, the share of food costs in the total cost of households has increased and has led to a decrease in household welfare. Accordingly, the government should apply different support policies to increase the level of welfare of households according to the size of the household, the age of the heads of households and their place of residence.

Given the expansion of cryptocurrencies in recent years, ambiguities have been created about its nature and functions. Using an analytical method this paper studies the nature of Bitcoin cryptocurrencies and its economic functions. To answer the question of whether bitcoin can be beneficial to the economy, it has been hypothesized that cryptocurrencies can cause confusion and disruption to the economy. According to the findings, cryptocurrencies, despite its benefits such as facilitating finances and reducing restrictive central bank supervision, can cause a number of economic problems. In this regard, Bitcoin, as the most widely used and valuable currency code, is an imaginary and unreliable currency and at any moment it can lose its credibility and cause a lot of damage to its owners. Currency cryptocurrency is associated with money creation, inflationary speculative and illegal activities. Therefore, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are not in the interest of society's economy and policy makers should prevent its formation and expansion. 

Choosing the best method of financing about projects is the most important factor in industries functions. Nowadays global economics’ general constraints, fiscal resources scarcity and non – optimum method of allocation in resources had appeared the necessity of introducing new titles in finance. Since bitcoin was introduced, theorists began to studying the feasibility of designing and establishing new financing patterns on the blockchain platform and the use of cryptocurrencies. The establishment of platforms based on blockchain and its replacement with existing mechanisms will have undeniable effects on reducing operating costs and enhancing transparency in various industries and businesses. This research, focused on the upstream sectors of the oil and gas industry. The results show that the use of emerging blockchain technology capabilities, provides the possibility of using new generation of international financing method using cryptocurrency. The oil-backed cryptocurrency is the main crypto asset in this framework. This cryptocurrency's value is equal the barrel of crude oil.