جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رویکرد کیفی » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

Nowadays, in order to continue their activities and attract and retain customers, insurance companies should think more about customer confusion and provide effective strategies to eliminate or reduce customer confusion. For this purpose, this research aims to provide effective strategies in managing customer confusion in life insurance.

This research is based on thematic analysis (coding and recognition of the underlying categories of the interview text or writing). In terms of the objective, it is considered fundamental based on the data collection method. The research participants are experts in insurance and marketing industry. Non-probability, judgmental, and snowball sampling methods were utilized and the number of sample size according to the theoretical saturation of the data was 23 people. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data.

According to the results of the research, 3 central cores and 18 main themes with the title of customer orientation (continuous follow-up of customers, communication with customers, understanding customer needs and improving customer service and well-being), marketing strategies (holding significant and attractive events, word-of-mouth advertising, identity building),desirable in social networks, innovative use of brochures, TV programs, effective advertisements) providing a complete package of high quality services (monitoring the performance of employees, transparency of performance, flexibility in insurance coverage, providing loyalty programs in a new way, focusing on the value chain, visualizing insurance life, use of information technology (intelligence)) were identified.

In this research, the strategies of overcoming customer confusion management in life insurance services were considered. According to the findings of the research, using systems to track and understand the needs of customers by creating and maintaining long-term relationship have made customer orientation an important factor. Also, the creation of marketing strategies based on the production of stimulating content and the use of the capacity of virtual space along with the development of programs to provide high-quality services to provide superior value to the customer and according to the current conditions may assist managers and entities in charge to overcome customer confusion. In order for the desired strategy to be successful, it is necessary for managers and entities in charge to consider the confusion of customers in all stages and processes of implementing strategies.

Responsible talent management is a process based on ethics, sustainability and social responsibility in order to benefit from talents for achieving individual, organizational and social results. The aim of the present study is to design and develop a model of responsible talent management in Iranian Judicial Power. In this study, the paradigm of qualitative research has been carried out by synthesis research method with content analysis technique. The research community includes national and international printed and electronic resources of the last two decades related to the case study. Based on targeted sampling, three hundred fifty-three sources including documents, books and articles were selected and analyzed using Atlas T software and coding. The validity of the collected data was evaluated using the reliability technique and the reliability technique. Accordingly, four dimensions and fifteen components of responsible talent management in Iranian Judicial Power were extracted, including the dimensions of responsible recruitment (four components), responsible development (four components), responsible maintenance (four components) and consequences (with three components). The results of this research can be used as a useful model of responsible talent management to promote the human resource management system by improving the hiring, developing and retaining processes of talented employees and applied in national and international systems and organizations.

Human capital are the most important asset of an organization, and the development of organizations depends on their performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a meta-composite model of the realization of human capital development based on the statement of the second step of the revolution. The current study was developmental research and was conducted with a qualitative method of systematic review and meta-synthetic technique. The statistical community of the research includes the researches carried out with the keywords "human capital", "human resources" and "second step" in the titles of the articles from 1398 to 1402. Thirteen articles were finally approved. The results of the research, based on re-examination of researchers' researches in the Meta Synthesis model, reached 134 codes; 19 sub-categories and 5 main categories and the final suggested model resulted. The development of human capital requires components such as scientific management, paying attention to the correct concepts of development and developmentalism, specialization and science, meritocracy and organizational health, and finally a rational, development-oriented and team-building organizational culture. These components must be able to deal with the indicators of incompetence and inefficiency. Inefficiency indicators include: lack of planning, lack of appropriate and practical training, disorganization, favoritism, employee burnout, evaluation, growth orientation, scarcity, dependency orientation, inefficient human resources, unskilled human resources, traditionalism, incompetence, organizational corruption, underestimation of human value, atmosphere Poisoned organization, immorality, poisoned organizational culture, result-oriented and individualistic. Development is achieved in the shadow of attracting and retaining competent employees, and the goals of long-term and strategic plans are also realized in the shadow of developed people and organizations, which requires a lot of attention to the issue of service compensation, education and health and responsiveness of the human forces of organizations.

Organizational ambidexterity refers to the ability of organizations to perform conflicting and contradictory activities. This concept is important in innovative technology-based organizations, because these organizations need to combine creativity and innovation with efficiency and productivity. As a technology-based organization, ACECR needs a duality to commercialize its innovative products and services. The aim of the current research is to design an ambidexterity development model of technology-oriented organizations to commercialize innovative products.

The research strategy is based on foundational data theorizing, and the data analysis method of the current research is the Strauss and Corbin’s systematic method (systematic model), and the data collection was done with the interview tool. In the qualitative phase, 16 interviews were conducted with the experts of technological organizations of ACECR and four additional interviews were also conducted to achieve theoretical saturation. In the quantitative phase, the descriptive-survey research method was used, and in this phase, the data collection tool was a questionnaire.

Organizational ambidexterity management has been identified as a central category in this research, and its subcategory concepts include ambidexterity structure management, innovative culture management, and ambidexterity process management, which constitute the central category. The causal conditions in this research include ambidexterity management and leadership, ambidextrous human resources are multifaceted structures. On the other hand, the bases include organizational ambidextrous culture, upstream documents, and Jihadi culture. Also, the strategies resulting from the foundation's data theorizing model include designing two-way human resources processes, designing a technology commercialization model, designing an organizational two-way evaluation system, and designing a resource allocation system. On the other hand, institutional communication in the field of science and technology and the environment of organizational ambivalence as intervening and ultimately value-creating factors, completing the technology chain, organizational development, and management of organizational contradictions, the consequences of identifying and explaining the factors affecting organizational ambidexterity in the direction of commercialization which have been in technology-based organizations.

The management of organizational ambidexterity plays a significant role in the success of commercialization of technology-based organizations. Management of structure, culture, and dual processes are key factors affecting organizational duality. Also, conditions such as ambidextrous management and leadership, ambidextrous human resources and multifaceted structures affect this process. Consequently, it is suggested that organizations focus on strategies such as the design of dual commercialization processes and models to provide the necessary ground to achieve duality and successful commercialization. It is necessary to conduct more studies in this area.

The main goal of this research is designing a content marketing model in online stores of cosmetics and health products, carried out qualitatively based on the grounded theory approach. First, with the help of the foundation theory, a semi-structured interview was utilized to collect data. The data were then analyzed through Strauss and Corbin’s method and the Paradigm Model. Targeted modeling and snowball technique were used to samples for deep interviews, carried out with 21 experts and university professors. The open, central, and selective codes were produced followed by the development of the paradigm model for the content marking in online cosmetics and health stores as well as the output of MAXQDA software. During the qualitative stage, which was based on the grounded theory, 20 factors relating to content marketing model were identified by carrying out deep and semi-structured interviews and were used as the basis for the design of the paradigm model; there were: design, branding, social effect, quality of website services, technology infrastructure, marketing, law, managers’ decision-making, cosmetics and health website competitiveness, creating accurate and valuable content, empowerment of sales managers, strategy, content, human resources, customer relations management, performance, effective communication factors, economic factors, media, privacy factors. These components were classified under 6 main dimensions of the research which were causal conditions, background conditions, interfering conditions, phenomenon orientation, consequences, and strategies. The results of the study indicate that the online cosmetics and health stores are required to create relevant, attractive, and accurate content so that they will be able to attract more customers and retain sustainable competitive advantage.

The aim of this research was to develop a framework for identifying and explaining the factors influencing organizational ambidexterity in scientific and technological tourism organizations affiliated to ACECR.

The research approach was qualitative, and its strategy was based on Grounded Theory. Technology specialists of the country's ACECR comprised the statistical population including managers, faculty members and experts, all of whom had experience and expertise in the field of technological businesses in tourism domain. The data were collected through a semi-structured method applying ATLAS.ti software.

After analyzing the interview texts, we identified the dimensions of organizational ambivalence including the ability of the organization to explore and exploit the tourism areas and to utilize the relevant technology for innovation, as the pivotal factor, in the subsidiaries. Then, causal, mediating, and moderating variables were developed in the final framework. The findings show that multi-faceted management and leadership, diverse human resources, and structural variety are effective factors of the establishment of organizational ambidexterity. In addition, the establishment of organizational ambidexterity in scientific and technological tourism organizations of ACECR leads to such consequences as value creation, completion of the technology chain, organizational development, and reduction of organizational contradictions.

Originality:

 Identifying the key factors of success in this field can open the way for organizations which are active in the tourism industry. The research results can serve as a basis for formulating policies and macro plans in this area. The interdisciplinary nature of this study, which combines management knowledge and technology, can be considered as the contribution of this research.

 Present study seeks to investigate the components of retailing mix in chain stores in Iran. In this study, Qualitative research method thematic analysis approach was applied to explore the point of view of participants from chain stores, it has been selected because of its suitability for the purpose of research. On the whole, 25 the participants, who were specialists in the retailing industry and have five years of experience in this filed, were selected based on non-probability and Judgmental sampling method for further deep interview. It should be noted, data were analyzed by using coding in different steps. Out of a total of three hundred and thirty-four open codes, twenty categories and finally seven themes were extracted. The findings indicate that, the components of retailing mix in chain stores in Iran is made up of seven components including Store design, services, pricing, location, product management, communications and human resources. Eight categories also involve ordering time of product arrangement, need for personal respect, income of people living in each area, situational pricing, cultural restrictions on product delivery, display advertising, advertising on social networks, knowledge and satisfaction of sales staff for first time has been observed in this research.  

The present study aimed to identify the antecedents of a holistic strategic marketing plan in online businesses. In the present study, with a qualitative approach based on grounded theory and through in-depth interviews with university professors and consultants in the field of strategic marketing planning and managers in the field of online business, holistic strategic marketing plan prerequisites in online businesses were identified. Participants in the study were selected through a purpose sampling process and the interviews continued until they reached theoretical saturation and finally, 10 in-depth interviews were conducted. To analyze the data, the principles related to the grounded theory (open and axial and selective coding) have been used and the concepts and categories have been created through the content analysis software MAXQDA version 2020. The results of data coding led to the identification of 89 concepts that were classified into 11 main categories. Based on this, the identified core category is online holistic strategic marketing plan and 10 other categories (managers' mental paradigm, components of moving from offline to online planning, change, online business, holistic marketing, vision, mission, value, strategic thinking and organizational culture) are considered as its antecedents. The results of this research can be used in academic circles in order to create and save knowledge, for policy makers, for companies active in the field of online businesses and marketing managers, as well as for users.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for the development of industrial clusters (studied in the plastics industry). The research method is qualitative and content analysis. The participants of the research are managers, professors and business owners of plastic units up to 12 people after theoretical saturation and purposefully criterion (professors with minimum rank of assistant professor and at least 5 years of experience, Managers of active companies consisted of at least 5 years of experience and at least a master's degree. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and data analysis was done through thematic techniques. To evaluate the validity of the research, the method of triangulation of data sources (using different data sources to draw results) was used. Holst reliability coefficient was also used to evaluate the reliability. The results show that the development indicators of Iran's plastic industrial cluster include "supply of raw materials (creation and identification of recycling units; center for supply, supply and distribution of raw materials; formation of raw material supply network)", "supply of machinery (design and mold "Building; benefiting from new technologies; supporting the production of domestic technologies)", "Development of sales and exports (marketing; product quality; branding)", "Government institutions (legal support; cooperation; financial support) ) "," Business service providers (after-sales service; manpower training; responsibility) "and" company management (having technical and specialized knowledge; time management; planning; communication skills; Influence and influence). Using the in the plastics industry can lead to the development and export of products of this industry in the region.

The actions of a toxic leader can have a negative domino effect on the overall performance of the organization. The purpose of this research is to analyze the negative consequences of toxic leadership in tourism organizations. In terms of purpose, the current research is applied and belongs to the category of qualitative research. Data collection tool was semi-structured in-depth interview and purposeful sampling method with snowball technique was used. Twenty scientific experts, including prominent university professors with a scientific background in tourism and experimental experts, including general managers and managers of the tourism development department of tourism organizations at the provincial level and heads of tourism organizations at the level of the cities in the northern region of the country, were considered as a sample community. The consequences of toxic leadership were identified under the two main headings of intra-organizational consequences and extra-organizational consequences. Intra-organizational consequences were divided into individual consequences and group-organizational consequences. Individual consequences were identified in two categories: physiological-psychological and attitudinal consequences and deviant-uncivil behaviors. The group-organizational consequences were also analyzed with two categories of communication and organizational climate and internal backwardness. Also, the extra-organizational consequences were investigated in the form of the host and tourist communities. In the host society, three social-cultural consequences, ecological-environmental consequences and economic consequences were investigated. In the form of a tourist with a behavioral-attitudinal background, the negative attitude of the smart tourism market was also investigated.

Consumer attitude is a determining factor in the tendency towards luxury brands. The aim of this research was to identify the effective indicators in the attitudes of consumers in the luxury car market. This research is applied-exploratory from the perspective of purpose, which was done by qualitative research method and non-probability and purposeful sampling. The statistical population includes university professors and experts in the luxury car market. Data collection tools are semi-structured interview and Delphi questionnaire. The analysis of interviews was done by Theme analysis method. The identified indicators from the interview with the experts, were validated by Delphi method. Data analysis was performed in qualitative phase with MaxQDA software and Delphi questionnaire analysis was performed with Matlab software. The results showed that the use of technological capabilities and quality management of parts and safety of luxury cars affect consumer attitudes.These factors affect the practical options of luxury cars and customer experience management. Accordingly, it is possible to design a marketing strategy of luxury cars to improve the perceived value of the brand, customer satisfaction and the sense of the customer's monopolism, to achieve the consumer's mental engagement with the brand, which increases the brand position in the customer's mind. In this way, the customer's attitude towards the luxury cars brand is formed.

Complex technologies require the existence of research and development units with high capabilities. This need is very vital in industries that do not have the possibility to transfer technology under the prevailing conditions. The purpose of this research is to identify effective and key components in improving the level of research and development capability in one of the strategic industries with complex technology. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of qualitative research method, which was carried out with the foundation's data theory strategy. The statistical population is the experts of design and research and development units of the nuclear industry. In order to analyze and identify components and dimensions, the exploratory analysis and "Atlas.ti" software have been used. Based on the results analysis, 332 open codes, 28 sub-categories and 6 main categories were identified and extracted. According to the findings of the research, dynamic organization has the highest emphasis from the interviewees and, in order, reliable management, leading technology governance, knowledge-based mediating institutions, organizational social capital, and local product commercialization are among the other components identified in order to improve research capability and development in studied industry. Better understanding and recognition of the enabling components and criteria of research and development and knowing the importance of each of them in relation to each other, while developing theoretical concepts in this field, creates this possibility for research and development managers and influencers in decision making to make more favorable decisions regarding the proper allocation of resources and increase the possibility of success in obtaining technology.

Increasing the productivity of an organization's human resources is one of the most important goals of any organization. Military and law enforcement agencies are not exempt from this, and in order to achieve their organizational goals, such as ensuring stable security, they must increase the productivity of their employees. In this regard, there are organizational factors that can be significantly improved if they are considered as problem-solving nodes. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of identifying the organizational factors that affect the productivity of patrol officers in the 110 operational police units in Qom province. This research is based on the type of objective applied, in terms of the type of qualitative method and descriptive method, and in terms of inductive approach. The statistical population of the research included managers and police commanders of Qom province, and the sample of the research was a purposive selection of these people. The thematic analysis technique was used to collect qualitative data using the interview instrument and to analyze the data obtained from the interview. The results of the data analysis showed that organizational factors such as leadership style, work characteristics, reward system, training, reward and punishment, organizational support and promotion have an impact on the productivity of the employees of the 110 operational police patrols in Qom province.

The realization of Islamic civilization based on religion, rationality, science and ethics is the goal of the Islamic Revolution. Culture-oriented knowledge and technology-oriented knowledge is a factor for reproducing the original Iranian culture with a leap in production, which is achieved with the approach of a civilization-building university. The present study is conducted to identify the antecedents of the Civilization University.

The paradigm of the present study was interpretive with a qualitative approach. Research data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The study participants included 12 academic experts familiar with the concept of a civilization-building university. For this purpose, by reviewing the documents and purposeful sampling, the interviews with the experts continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data.

Dimensions related to the antecedents of this approach include: 1. Utilization of knowledge by society; 2. Combining the function of the university with civilization; 3. Paying attention to the production of science in accordance with the needs of society; 4. Use of communication and information technology; 5. The formation of the pillars of civilization;6. How to manage the university; 7. Value and spirituality; 8. Curricula are world-class and civilization-building.

The authors of the survey conclude that by providing the necessary basis for the civilization of the university based on the identified indicators, universities are on the path of civilization.

Knowledge is a key element in fostering product and service innovation. One of the newest concepts proposed for using knowledge resources outside the organization is the concept of knowledge co-creation. Knowledge co-creation means the processes of voluntary collaboration between customers, researchers and organizational managers to create knowledge about products and services. The most important actor that plays a role in the co-creation of knowledge is the customer. The issue of customer knowledge co-creation is not yet well known in our country's insurance industry, so identifying its components and determining the influence of each of them is one of the challenges of current insurance companies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the components of customer knowledge co-creation and provide a model of relationships between customer knowledge co-creation components in the country's insurance industry.The present study is a fundamental research based on the purpose and based on the data collection method is a descriptive-survey approach. In order to identify the components of the research, interviews were conducted with 14 experts including insurance industry managers and faculty members who are experts in this field. In order to present the model of component relationships, the standard questionnaire of interpretive structural modelling approach, which is based on pairwise comparisons, was completed by 10 experts. Based on the results of semi-structured interviews with experts, 51 primary codes and 7 categories were extracted, which were classified into 5 levels by interpretive structural modeling approach. In this model, the component of "ICT infrastructure" is at the lowest level, which indicates the highest penetration among other components, which means that the change and development of this component, causes a change and development of other components of the model. Also, the components of "motivating customers" and "building trust", which are at the first level of the model, are the most influential components of the model. Therefore, in order to optimally implement the process of customer knowledge co-creation in insurance companies, strengthening the components of lower levels of the model, which have more influence, should be a priority in management decisions.

The effectiveness of managers mainly depends on their competence, skills, level of knowledge, insight and abilities, and because of the importance of these factors in the success of managers, continuous search and continuous effort to find and train people who have this type of competence, ability and skill. Turn them into effective managers and useful leaders.

In this research, Thematic analysis has been used. First, 25 professors, managers and experts of Mashhad Municipality were interviewed. The collected data were then analyzed using NVivo software. Then, based on the identified pattern, a questionnaire was developed and collected and distributed to the members of the expert group for prioritization. In this section, Friedman test is used.

the result showed that meritocracy model of Mashhad municipal managers has 122 nods; which were classified into 15 central codes and 4 selected codes. The results of prioritization showed that in individual competence; Axial code of conduct, in managerial competence; The central code of leadership ability, in job competence; The skill-based code is the most important competency required by Mashhad municipal managers. It should be noted that in value competency, no difference was observed between the two central codes (organizational and ethical).

In order to establish meritocracy in Mashhad Municipality, it seems necessary to pay attention to four main categories (personal, managerial, professional and value).

Background and

Undoubtedly, the most sensitive activity that managers perform in any organization is decision making. But today's world is so complex that decision makers are faced with many problems. This qualitative research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the phenomenon of decision phobia of managers in the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare.Research

This research is based on fundamental-applicative purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of gathering information, and it is a qualitative research type that was conducted using foundational data theory. 16 interviews were conducted. The result of these interviews was a set of primary themes that were collected during the open coding process and categories were extracted from them. Then, the titles of central, causal factors, contextual factors, intervening factors and environmental factors were specified in the paradigm model of decision phobia.

According to the findings, central phenomenon factors, causal factors, contextual factors, intervening factors, strategies, and environmental factors were identified in the form of a paradigm model.

Managers should strive to strengthen their decision-making and problem-solving skills, specialization in the decision-making process, familiar with psychological techniques to eliminate decision phobia and lack of secrecy in decision-making, so that they can overcome decision-phobia in this way. Minimize the work environment.

In the 21st century, knowledge production institutions, especially universities, have a heavy responsibility and to achieve the missions and functions that society expects from institutions, especially the university, they must be able to use their maximum power and capacity. One of the most important capacities that can be used in the university, which somehow overcomes others, is its managerial and governing capacity and competencies, and the president or governor of the university with the highest executive and scientific responsibility should by playing an excellent governing and managerial role, provided the ground for the realization of the missions and goals of the university. In the present study, to achieve this goal, the qualitative research method was used to provide a model of university good governor competencies. For this purpose, 23 professors and higher education experts who were aware of the subject and with a purposeful sampling strategy were selected and interviewed in a semi-structured manner. Thematic analysis technique (theme) was used to analyze the data. In order to evaluate the quality of the data, the validity (reliability) and reliability (reliability) of the findings were provided. After implementing the content of the interviews and analyzing them, seven main competencies (leadership-managerial competence, organizational competence, professional-technical competence, functional competence, individual-personality competence, spiritual-moral competence and value-creating competence) were identified and discovered for the model of university good governor competencies. The seven main competencies of this qualitative study can be used as one of the appropriate models in the selection and appointment of university governors.

The problems and challenges of the country's universities have accelerated compared to before. Globalization of university goals, widespread competition, inappropriate curricula, parallel work and re-employment at the university, lack of attention to participatory management, excessive attention to evidence-based and quantitative, lack of independence, meritocracy, transparency and accountability in the university, existence External interferences and pressures in the university, rent-seeking and political work in the university and other issues are among these challenges. In such a spatial, the management system and governance of universities must be equipped with new management models and approaches to face the issues ahead. In order to fulfill this great mission, it is necessary for universities to have the necessary capability, independence, dynamism, flexibility and adaptability to the environment, responsibility, rule of law, transparency, accountability and legitimacy by using the model of good university governance. It is not possible to have a good university governor at the university.considering that after the researches and researches, there was no evidence of a comprehensive and appropriate model in the field of competencies of a good university governor, the present study seeks to answer the question: what is the appropriate model of competencies of a good university governor?

Since universities and institutes of higher education in Iran have weaknesses and harms in the field of university administration and governance. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to provide a favorable model for the competencies of a university good governor.Theoretical frameworkThe term "good governance" was first used in 1979 by economist Williamson in the economic literature and later in other scientific studies. Good governance is synonymous with transparency, accountability, justice, participation and the promotion of equality before the law.Researchers examine good governance from different perspectives. In this research, it has been addressed from a managerial perspective. In the managerial approach, management in the university is of special importance. Because most people who take over the presidency of the university are not ready to govern and have a clear understanding of what the profession of university management and governance requires. In the US National Survey, conducted between 1990 and 2000, only 3% of the 2,000 university leaders were trained and educated to hold a university management position. Therefore, it must be said that the traditional model of management can not meet today's conditions, so paying attention to the development of competencies and skills of a good university governor in the field of higher education is an undeniable necessity.

The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and qualitative research in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study included all higher education experts in Iran who were interviewed in depth using 23 non-probabilistic and purposeful sampling methods. In order to identify the competencies of a university good governor, semi-structured interviews were used and for the analysis of qualitative data (interview texts), the thematic analysis technique (theme) was used. Also, in order to evaluate the quality of the data, the validity (reliability) and reliability (reliability) of the findings were provided.

Findings showed that the model of good university governor competencies has 7 dimensions and 24 components including: leadership/managerial competencies dimension (scientific and skill management competencies, partnership and consensus-oriented, self-organization and organization), organizational competencies dimension (goal setting and mission orientation, Legislation and legislature, decentralization and delegation, being a native of the university), specialized/technical competencies dimension (specialized and empirical authority and acceptance, technical and executive competencies), functional competencies dimension (efficient and effective, teamwork, model and coach Academics), individual/personality competencies dimension (creative and entrepreneurial, cognitive ability, desire for agility/dynamism and progress, risk-taking and competitive, communication and social skills, brave and independent), spiritual/moral competencies dimension (believer and committed to performance) Governance is religious and moral, responsible and accountable, healthy and anti-corruption) and then value-creating competencies (meritocracy, professionalism).

In this study, an attempt was made to identify and examine the competencies of a good university governor from the perspective of Iranian higher education experts. Given that designing a model of a good university governor is the first step in designing and explaining the system of selection and appointment of university governors and administrators. Therefore, it is suggested that managers and officials of the higher education system consider the process of its implementation in universities and higher education institutions of the country.

Organizational stupidity is a new term that has received scant attention in the literature. Considering this point, the study at hand was carried out to examine this concept and identify its causes and consequences through a quantitative approach, with the ultimate goal of designing a model for it. Organizational stupidity refers to doing tasks in organizations without thinking about them. It causes the reduction of critical thinking and the lack of flexibility in the organization, and can lead to the destruction of the organization. Therefore, the investigation of this concept and the identification of its dimensions are of special importance. The purpose of this study was to design a model for organizational stupidity using grounded theory. The study was developmental in terms of purpose, exploratory in terms of data collection method, and qualitative in terms of methodology. After collecting the data through grounded theory and interviews, the components were coded in open, selective, and axial coding stages, and the study model was designed based on the theoretical framework. At the end, the conceptual model of the study was confirmed by the experts using Delphi technique. The findings of the study led to the identification of causal, contextual, and intervening conditions as well as the drivers and consequences of organizational stupidity.

Product innovation is one of the most important activities of companies to differentiate themselves from competitors and meet the needs of customers. This study was conducted to identify the success factors of innovation in the country's beverage industry as the case study.

the approach of this research is qualitative and the method of doing it is content analysis. The data of this study were collected using interviews with beverage industry experts and encoded using MAXQDA software.

Open coding of qualitative data collected using interview, resulted in 54 initial codes that were selected from a total of 375 obtained codes. These 54 initial codes were categorized into 9 categories. The identified categories include marketing, product packaging, brand image, production infrastructure, organizational factors, macro factors, customer, performance results and product characteristics.

The final model discovers the critical success factors of product innovation in the beverage market guides manufacturers in the process of launching a new product.