جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "زنجیره تامین بشردوستانه" در نشریات گروه "مدیریت"

Distribution of relief items is one of the special and important functions in response to natural disasters. The occurrence of significant deviations in distribution operations can increase the level of financial costs and loss of lives. This study aims to identify and assess the risks of failure in relief items distribution in the Iranian Red Crescent Society (IRCS). 

We used the failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) to identify and assess the risks. The distribution operation was divided into three main processes of crisis assessment, accident analysis and decision-making by the command system and distribution of relief items and the activities related to each process were specified. In addition to the process of identifying and assessing risks, various interviews were conducted with the rescue and relief experts of the IRCS regarding the issues and problems of the distribution of relief items. A list of the most important challenges in the process of distributing relief items was thus prepared. 

For three processes, we identified 104 potential failures. After the implementation of the risk assessment phase, 20% of the identified risks were considered unacceptable. The consequences of about 80% of the risks were time delay, disruption in the distribution process and reworking of activities. Most of the proposed recommendations by experts were related to designing information systems for distribution operations with 25 iterations, highlighting the importance of mechanizing processes related to distribution operations and using new technologies. 

Due to the high level of identified risks, it can be concluded that the current control mechanisms in the IRCS are not effective and need serious revision. Designing information systems for managing distribution operations, preparing documents required for distribution operations, using new technologies such as rescue drones and tracking systems and assigning separate teams to distribute relief items are the most important recommendations proposed to control and reduce identified risks.

The occurrence of events that lead to interruptions in the flow of materials, even if these events happen in a distant place, can cause disruptions on a large scale. Disruptions are sudden and unexpected disturbances caused by various factors such as natural disasters, fires, loss of vital supplies, war, cyber-attacks, economic recession, sanctions and economic shocks, terrorism, epidemics, etc. Humanitarian supply chain is a special type of supply chain with unique features, which in these conditions plays a very important role in facing, controlling and reducing the effects of disasters. Therefore, the aim of this research is to present a humanitarian supply chain resilience model in dealing with epidemic diseases such the Coronavirus.

The research method is qualitative. Based on this, using the theory derived from the data, the humanitarian supply chain resilience model was formed in organizations providing humanitarian services. The result resulted in deriving the humanitarian supply chain model in dealing with epidemic diseases.

Based on the results of the research, it was determined that the mentioned model has 28 sub-categories in the form of 6 main categories is (causal conditions of resilience, attention to the resilience of the humanitarian supply chain, background conditions of resilience, intervening elements of resilience, strategies of resilience and consequences of resilience).

After large-scale natural disasters, supply shortages and inequitable distribution because of various damages that hinder the functioning of the humanitarian supply chain. For this purpose, in this paper, this problem is presented as a two-level planning model to minimize the rate of unmet demand, potential environmental risks, emergency costs at the upper level of the decision chain and, to maximize the perceived satisfaction of the survivors in the lower level of the decision chain is modeled. Formulates a decision hierarchy. To solve the proposed model, the modified epsilon method has been used. According to the obtained results, the risk coefficient of waste γ imposes significant effects on the performance of environmental sustainability. And it has no effect on the weighted total unmet demand rate, total emergency costs. Also, by applying changes in the epsilon value, the acceptable distance for determining the non-dominated solutions of the multi-objective problem is presented. Therefore, this study provides valuable results to managers and decision makers to make valuable decisions after a crisis to control the situation.

Designing a multi-objective multiple allocation-routing problem in a humanitarian supply chain is important because it improves efficiency and productivity in the supply chain. By designing a multi-objective multiple assignment-routing problem, we can consider different objectives at the same time and seek to optimize them. As a result, designing a multiple multi-objective allocation-routing problem in a humanitarian supply chain can improve the overall performance of the company and lead to the economic and social growth of the region.

In this article, an integer mathematical model for the allocation of essential product to all destinations through multiple hub allocation-routing coverage is presented in a way that reduces the cost of allocation and the number of possible paths for allocation in a humanitarian supply chain. The proposed model is able to estimate well the binary optimal solutions of the problem that is route and vehicle allocation through the solution using the scattering search method. Based on the solution of the proposed model, the shortest possible route for allocating essential items to different considered cities is provided. Also, the lowest possible cost has been determined for allocating the route for relief. Finally, the allocation of each vehicle according to their type to each city has been specified. This allocation of vehicles to each of the cities has been done in such a way that each of the vehicles covers each of the cities at least once.

Based on the obtained results, the lowest routing allocation cost was gained using the suggested model. The results of the research show that the proposed model improves both the efficiency and effectiveness of humanitarian aid logistics, and its findings provide valuable guidance for improving decision-making regarding route allocation, the type of dispatch vehicle and cost in the field of humanitarian logistics, and for designing a suitable strategy for Dealing with disasters will be beneficial in the future.

The purpose of this study is to provide operational strategies during the Khoy earthquake in the humanitarian supply chain in order to maintain relief and help the victims and meet their needs quickly.The above research method is qualitative.The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and survey-descriptive in terms of nature.The statistical population of this research is the victims and crisis management experts. In this research, firstly, the needs of victims and the strategies to meet these needs were identified by reviewing the literature and conducting semi-structured interviews.Then, the needs of the victims through BMW and humanitarian supply chain strategies through combined approach of QFD and DEA according to Limitations of cost, time, urgency, effectiveness and ease of implementation were prioritized by distributing questionnaires among them.The final findings of the study showed that the strategy of “creating an accident command and crisis management system to plan, coordinate and assign tasks between organizations and institutions involved in the earthquake crisis in order to enable and expedite rescue operations”and“continuous evaluation for continuous improvement in rescue operations and various measures” were the most important strategy, and the need for "relief for the injured" was the most important need for the injured.Therefore, it is recommended to the authorities in the field of crisis management, by setting up the incident command post and the crisis management system, timely response, speeding up rescue operations, preventing parallel actions, creating unity of action and also regular evaluations cause continuous improvement in the process of rescue operations.

The influence of climate change on the frequency and severity of natural disasters is ever-increasing on a global scale. While natural disasters are unpredictable, emerging technologies can help with their prevention. Technologies allow responders to act sooner rather than later. The importance of the humanitarian supply chain in reducing the suffering and injuries caused by natural disasters is also undeniable. Developing emerging technologies offers an opportunity to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of responses of the humanitarian supply chain to disasters. Since Iran is one of the most natural catastrophe-prone countries in the world, this study aims to identify and prioritize emerging technologies suitable for its humanitarian supply chain. This study could provide solutions for responders and decision-makers to achieve an effective humanitarian supply chain.

This is descriptive survey research and its statistical population consists of five emerging technology experts in the Iranian humanitarian supply chain. To identify and prioritize applications of emerging technologies in the humanitarian supply chain, the Best-Worst method (BWM) was used.

Reviewing the extant academic literature, 12 emerging technologies in the humanitarian supply chain were investigated. After assessing their content validity, experts selected eight relevant technologies for Iran’s humanitarian supply chain; including “Big Data”, “Internet of Things”, “Augmented Reality”, “Smart Robots”, “Artificial Intelligence”, “Gamification”, “3D Printing”, and “Smart Advisors”. In the next step, two sets of questionnaires were distributed among the experts. The questionnaires were collected and analyzed to measure the attractiveness and capabilities of emerging technologies in Iran’s humanitarian supply chain. The weights of technologies' attractiveness were calculated based on five filled-in questionnaires and by the Best-Worst Method and LINGO software. Next, to assess the technical capability of each emerging technology, eight Likert scale questionnaires were distributed. Finally, the gathered research data was analyzed using SPSS 26. Capability-Attractiveness Matrix was then formed. Analyzing areas of the Matrix helped the researchers determine specific actions suitable for each emerging technology. Based on the findings, “Smart Robots”, “3D Printing” and “Smart Advisors” technologies were placed in the “Position protection/Development” area with the highest capability and attractiveness. “Artificial Intelligence” was placed in the “improvement” area with high attractiveness and relatively low capability. “Internet of Things” and “Gamification” had a high capability andrelatively low attractiveness. “Big Data” and “Augmented Reality” with relatively low capability and attractiveness had the least priority in Iran’s Humanitarian Supply Chain.

The critical role that emerging technologies play in disaster preparedness and recovery is increasingly becoming recognized. The findings of the BWM Method and Capability-Attractiveness Matrix can be a good help for decision-makers and key players in the humanitarian supply chain. Natural disaster preparedness and collaboration to reduce impact across the humanitarian supply chain have never been more important. Utilizing these emerging technologies can minimize fatalities and injuries caused by natural disasters. Emerging technologies need to be adapted to various situations that arise during disaster relief.

In a hastily formed network (HFN) building “swift trust” for providing a good atmosphere of collaboration and coordination among involved actors for serving beneficiaries and affected people is vital. The main goal of this research is to study the human barriers to the formation of swift trust in the humanitarian supply chain (HSC) or crisis response network in recent earthquakes (1390-1399). This research is descriptive in terms of objective and analytical-mathematical according to the research method. For identifying human barriers to swift trust a comprehensive literature review was conducted and then with the aid of experts’ panel human barriers were reworded and finalized. Seven persons with relevant expertise and experience in the recent earthquakes participated in this study. Findings show that “uncertainty related to the unclear role of humanitarians and local volunteers” is the most important human barrier to the formation of swift trust. The second barrier is the “inexact and late announcement of information related with the deliverables from government”. The findings provide useful insights for humanitarian policymakers and senior disaster managers for creating initial and long-term trust among involved actors.

This study aimed to simulate a humanitarian supply chain coordination model to reconstruct houses of flood victims under inflationary and non-inflationary conditions.

A village in the Northern Iranian Province of Mazandaran with 160 households was studied. 60% of the village was ruined due to the floods that inundated the region in 2019. An agent-based simulation was used in this applied research. To achieve the research goal, the factors (actors) of the humanitarian supply chain for housing reconstruction in the flood disaster were identified. The housing reconstruction factors in the flood humanitarian supply chain were then determined. The relationship between the actors of the humanitarian supply chain to coordinate the reconstruction of housing in the flood disaster was identified. Finally, a model of factor behaviors for coordinating housing reconstruction in the flood humanitarian supply chain was presented. Considering the use of the factor-based simulation method to answer research questions, this was an analytical-descriptive study. It was causal in terms of the purpose of applied research. In terms of the data collection method, since it sought to identify factors and the relationship between them, it was a comparison. Also, according to Walker's classification, this research was an analytical-mathematical one.

Three agents of the government, celebrity donors, and flood victims (with damaged houses) were identified. Then, two scenarios of receiving government aid or only aid from celebrity donors under inflationary and non-inflationary conditions were considered. The agents' internal relationships, characteristics, behaviors, and decisions were also simulated using agent-based modeling. Finally, through interviews, the indicators of coordination in the reconstruction of flood-affected housing were identified, and coordination in each of the scenarios was evaluated.

As proved, in the receiving donor's financial aids scenario, the humanitarian supply chain coordination score was higher among the agents. Also, the houses reconstructed under non-inflationary conditions were higher in both scenarios.

Supply chain integration is one of the most important solutions in solving supply chain management problems and challenges that has been used in humanitarian supply chain field recently. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the impact of humanitarian supply chain integration factors on performance outcomes; it has also examined the moderating role of resource scarcity and surplus on this relationship. This research, in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this study is the organizations of the Red Crescent in Isfahan province. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire with a reliability of 0.96. The present study was conducted using a questionnaire distributed among 43 managers of Red Crescent organizations in Isfahan province and data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling with Smart PLS.3 software. Findings have shown that resource sharing, operations standardization, supply chain coordination, teamwork and operations leadership have a positive and significant effect on the three dimensions of performance results. Resource scarcity also moderates resource sharing relationships, supply chain coordination, operations leadership with performance outcomes, but But it does not moderate the relationship between standardization of operations and teamwork with performance results.

Humanitarian operations begin quickly with disasters to save lives, reduce the suffering of the injured and meet their needs. Appropriate strategies and solutions should be used to help the injured. In this regard, this paper aims to provide a hybrid approach to select effective strategies in the humanitarian supply chain.

In this study, firstly the needs of the injured were identified and categorized, and then the weight of each one was obtained using Fuzzy SWARA technique. Then, a combination of QFD approach and multi-objective modeling was used to select strategies to meet the needs of the injured. The epsilon-constraint method and GAMS software were used to solve the multi-objective model.

The needs of earthquake victims in the country were identified and classified into five categories: food needs, hygienic, mental health, housing and living facilities. The results showed that the need for nutrition and food, evacuation of the affected groups from the accident site and access to drinking water are the most important needs of the victims during the earthquake. To help victims, 14 strategies were divided into three categories: strategies related to construction, infrastructure improvement, and strengthening relief processes.

In order to reduce the damage during an earthquake, light materials should be used in construction, the culture of lightening should be strengthened, and at the same time, the awareness of people in using durable materials should be promoted. Also, worn-out water, electricity and gas systems should be developed and integration should be between them. In addition, the improved communication system, and inventory management and evacuation location should be strengthened during relief efforts.

Iran is a country where the rate of natural disasters is high comparing with other countries. Therefore, humanitarian supply chain management before, during and after disasters is of great importance. Performance assess humanitarian supply chain is one of the important activities in humanitarian supply chain management which specifies the performance and how to improve it.
At the beginning, performance dimensions and indicators of the earthquake supply chain in the country were identified. For this purpose, the output of the master's thesis in Tehran University was used and weights of performance dimensions and indicators by normalization factor loadings were obtained. Then, the selected earthquakes were assessed by gray approach. Two scenarios were used to assess reasonably and appropriately. In the first scenario, Just earthquake information was used, but in the second scenario, after setting the standard in qualitative and quantitative indicators, this information is entered in the calculations in the form of a hypothetical earthquake. Results are based on the second scenario which is more complete than the first one. They are: humanitarian supply chain performances in Dashti and Ahar earthquakes were equal and were better than that in Bashagard.  Humanitarian supply chain is a special type of supply chain with unique characteristics which distinguishes it from other market supply chains. Performance of this supply chain has a major role in challenging, controlling, and reducing impacts of disasters (Schulz and Heigh, 2009). Vast losses and casualties in different cities of the world caused by natural disasters have led to extensive applied researches on humanitarian supply chain and rescue logistics management in order to minimize losses encountering a crisis. Among all areas of humanitarian supply chain, performance assessment has a great significance and as matter of fact has been deserted compared to other concepts. Among active organization in humanitarian field, only 45% discussed performance assessment and among them, only 20% are constantly monitoring and also measuring their performance in all activities (Scholten, 2013). Assessing performance of humanitarian supply chain in the past disasters, countries can acquire proper understanding from this supply chain and use information result from this assessment as a feedback to improve supply chain performance in future disasters that inevitably will entangle them. Consequently, this study aims to develop a quantitative approach to assess the performance of humanitarian supply chain in Iran's earthquake disasters. In this paper, we used indicators and performance dimensions of a M.A thesis titled as "assessing performance of humanitarian supply chain through benchmarking from performance assessment models (a case study: some of the last earthquakes in Iran)" carried out in management department of Tehran University (by current authors) in three phases before, during, and after earthquake with 13 performance dimensions and 44 performance indicators. Also we used output (factorial loads) of that study to determine significance and weights of those dimensions and indicators. So that after considering these indicators and dimensions, by normalization, factorial loads of indicators and dimensions are considered as weights and significance. Then, we applied the gray approach and two scenarios to assess performance of three last catastrophic disasters in the country, the first scenario calculates the performance of every earthquake separately, and second one calculates the performance compared to an ideal earthquake which has the best indicators. Pervasive decision making of this approach (Gray approach) is presented in following steps:-                      First step: creating decision making matrix
-                      Second step: normalizing decision making matrix
-                      Third step: defining reference option
-                      Fourth step: calculating Minkovsky distance
-                      Fifth step: calculating gray correspondence coefficient
-                      Sixth step: calculating gray correspondence score
The reasons to apply Gray approach are uncertainty in qualitative indicators, the ability to simultaneously consider quantitative indicators and uncertain numbers in order to integrate assessment procedure and to achieve a general conclusion. After considering earthquakes happened in the last two decades, with regard to constraint to access information and data of these earthquakes, three earthquakes of Ahar, Heris, and Varzaghan in east Azerbaijan Province (2012), Dashti in Bushehr Province (2013) and BashaGard in Hormozgan Province (2013) were selected because of proportional equivalence of conditions (equal amplitude, number of people influenced, required rescue aids) and availability of data and authorities, to compare these selected earthquakes considering those characteristics. We expected that this study determine the performance of humanitarian supply chain in selected earthquakes in terms of performance dimension, three considered phases, and finally the whole supply chain.
In the first scenario, information of three earthquakes were used in different steps and performance status of three earthquakes was determined based on this information. It can be said that Bashagard earthquake condition is better than the two other earthquakes. Ahar and Dashti earthquakes have small difference. In terms of reaction phase to earthquake, Bashagard earthquake had less performance compared to other two earthquakes. In the phase of after earthquake, magnitude order was Ahar > Bashagard > Dashti; with regard to final results of the first scenario, East Azerbaijan earthquake (0.806) has better conditions than Bushehr earthquake (0.750) and Hormozgan (0.684). Minor differences between these numbers indicate that the performance of three earthquakes was very close and there is no great distinction among them.
A second scenario was considered in order to rationalize the comparison. With regard to results from this scenario, Bashagard earthquake in the phase of before earthquake had better condition and performance of Ahar and Dashti earthquakes were 0.403 and 0.4 respectively, that shows a small difference. In the phase of reaction to earthquake, Dashti, Ahar and Bashagerd earthquakes, respectively, have less distance with standard performance. Performance in the phase of after earthquake for Ahahr, Dashti, and Bashagerd were 0.460, 0.447, and 0.418, respectively. With regard to general results we can conclude that Ahar and Dashti earthquakes with 0.467 show similar performances and like the previous scenario, Bashagard earthquake (0.437) has the largest distance from standard and has undesirable performance compared to other earthquakes.
Performance scores are remarkable in two scenarios. Performances in the second scenario are less than the first scenario. This is normal, because Gray approach is based on distance from ideal state and in the first state, ideal state is acquired among available earthquakes, but in standard performance scenario, ideal state was defined based on existing standards with larger amounts. Then, normally distance of earthquakes to ideal are larger and lower performances are obtained. Based on the second scenario which is more complete than first one, performances of humanitarian supply chain in Dashti and Ahar (Heris and Varzaghan) earthquakes are equal and better than that of Bashagard earthquake. In the end, it is noteworthy that this study has provided a framework to assess performance of humanitarian supply chain of the country in earthquakes that did not exist before and it could evaluate three earthquakes as sample earthquakes in the country.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model of trust building process in the country's relief network considering the importance of establishing trust in the supply chain of humanitarian services as well as theoretical poverty in the field of trust building. To perform this study, three major recent events in Tehran province have been selected as a case study. Due to the lack of qualitative research in the field of trust building, using the grounded Theory, 2015 version of Corbin and Strauss, the model of trust building process in the relief network is designed and edited based on interview with 8 experts and members involved in the relief network. Given the importance of establishing trust between the members present in the relief network and the lack of a comprehensive model in this area, the present study aims to design a trust building model among members of the relief network and to examine the critical role of trust in the successful relief process and its reflection.The research findings are classified in three phases of conditions, actions and outcomes. The weak structures of the society and the community management system are a major obstacle to building trust. And insufficient funding, lack of certainty, unsuccessful performance, lack of coordination and cooperation between responsible groups and lack of preparation are the main sources of distrust. The most important finding of this research is the lack of trust in the humanitarian supply chain due to the reliance on public assistance.

In Iran the rate of natural disasters, especially the earthquake, is very high, hence the humanitarian supply chain management before, during and after the disaster occurrence is very important. In other hand emergency medical centers are main part of this chain. Emergency medical centers with timely treatment of injuries reduced the irreversible damage of disaster. Therefore, the location of these centers has a major role in reducing the response time to affected people and the locating of these centers is very important. The main objective of this study is to determine the location of emergency medical centers in order to maximize the demand coverage and reduce the rescue time in a humanitarian supply chain. In order to solve the emergency medical centers location problem a mathematical model was presented, considering some conditions for the problem and sought to find the optimal locations for the establishment of these centers. To solve this problem, an innovative algorithm was presented in which two meta-heuristic algorithms were used. Then, 16 scenarios were solved by using the proposed algorithm. Due to the accuracy of the obtained responses and the high speed of the convergence of the proposed algorithm, it can be used in large and complex problems that cannot reach the exact answer in a reasonable time.

This study intends to identify the dimensions and components of the humanitarian supply chain in post-disaster of earthquake and present conceptual model to measure it. After designing the questionnaire and determine its validity and reliability, the questionnaire was distributed between managers and rescuers in partner organizations in helping in earthquakes affected areas Bam in Kerman, Varzaqan-Ahar in east Azerbaijan and Dashti in Boshehr and finally the 284 questionnaires were completed by managers and rescuers in the case studies. Confirmatory factor analysis in order to assess the content validity of the questionnaire is used first, and then to evaluate the importance and performance of these measures in relevant organizations, the one sample t-test method was conducted, and with the help of importance-performance matrix, areas for improvement of components and dimensions are identified and strategies to improve humanitarian supply chain performance in post-disaster of earthquake was presented.
Therefore, the research method is applied and in terms of gathering information tool is descriptive-correlation. The findings indicate, the components of ““supervision of custodian organizations on construction” and “Coordination between partners in rebuilding” were evaluated high importance and low performance and were located in critical area and they are in the first priority. Also, the components of “Correct assessment of damages and needed Equipment and resources for rebuilding” and “provide continuous psychological support and advice to Survivors” were evaluated in high importance and high performance and they are in the next priority.

Nowadays, natural and human disasters such as earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions etc. are increasingly occurring. Due to their specific nature, disasters have many harmful effects on the lives of the Earth dwellers. The extent and severity of the disasters impacts are great enough to attract national and international attention in order to face with them. Hence, humanitarian supply chain management is important before, during and after a disaster. In this regard, the need to find and specify the dimensions and performance indicators in order to assess humanitarian supply chain is highly evident. Earthquake has been historically one of the damaging events in Iran and considering the importance of supply chain management in this event, the present article has been addressed identifying the dimensions and indicators of supply chain performance of earthquakes as well as specifying the type of relationship between them.
At first, the literature of humanitarian supply chain and performance evaluation models were studied to find the components of performance evaluation and then, they were screened and classified in terms of structure in cooperation with the experts. After that, Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed on the specified structure. Finally, the performance dimensions of humanitarian supply chain were levelled using the FISM technique (Fuzzy Interpretive Structural Modeling). Statistical population of the prsent research includes people and organizations involved in humanitarian supply chain relating to the country's earthquake events. Using questionnaires, expert opinion about the importance of indicators of the obtained model as well as the relationship between the performance dimensions were specified.
Findings: In the conclusion of the research, the relationship between all of performance dimensions and indicators were confirmed and a structure including 13 performance dimensions and 44 indicators was specified. In the performance dimensions levelling, the dimension of education was levelled as the first level; the dimensions of handling the survivors, reconstruction and repairing buildings and infrastructure, logistics and coordination were levelled as the second level and other performance dimensions were levelled as the third level. Performance dimensions of education, handling the survivors, reconstruction and repair of buildings and infrastructure, and coordination were classified in independent cluster, the performance dimensions of retrofitting, logistics and relief, and providing water, food and medical services were classified in implanted cluster, and finally, the performance dimensions of monitoring and evaluation, space–frame (spatial–physical), improving communication and information management system of earthquake, cost, evacuation and sheltering and storage of supplies and first aids were classified in dependent cluster.