جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شدت انرژی » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

Todays, energy consumption for experts and economists is one of the components of the performance evaluation of governments and countries, and energy intensity is considered as one of the indicators for assessing energy efficiency. The main purpose of this paper is to study some of the influential factors of energy intensity, such as GDP per capita, industrialization and transportation infrastructure which has been studied considering the spatial links between the provinces during the period from 2008 to 2014. For this purpose, the spatial panel econometric method has been used to estimate the model. The results of Spatial Autoregressive Model with Auto Regressive disturbances (SAC) show that the energy intensity was influenced by the spatial factor in Iran. So, the energy intensity in a province is not only influenced by the internal factors of the province but is also influenced by the energy intensity of the adjacent province. In other words, any external shock to a province will lead to a reduction in energy intensity in adjacent provinces. Also, the results show that GDP per capita has a negative and significant effect and industrialization and transport infrastructure variables have a positive and significant effect on energy intensity in Iran's provinces.

The real exchange rate indicates the ratio of the price of tradable goods to the price of non-tradable goods and is one of the key indicators in the Iranian economy that has undergone significant leaps in recent years. In the present study, the effects of real exchange rate shocks on energy intensity (as one of the important economic-environmental indicators) of Iran's economy is investigated with recognising four mechanisms: price effect (relative energy price change), scale effect (change in economic volume), composite effect (change in mix of economic activities) and technical effect (change in productivity). By modelling the empirical model by Structural Vector Autoregressive method with data from 1974-2016 period, the results show that increasing the real exchange rate reduces energy intensity from the price effect and the scale effect channel, while its technical effect increases the energy intensity. Also, there is no significant composite effect. Finally, due to the dominant positive technical effect, the impact of the real exchange rate on the energy intensity was positive during the sample period, and as an outcome, the energy intensity would increase by decreasing the real value of the rial, ceteris paribus. This result can be due to the increase in the relative price of energy-efficient equipment and technologies (which are mainly imported goods, for both consumers and producers), as well as the increase in energy smuggling, which lead to increase the energy intensity.

The identification of the most important factors affecting energy intensity with the aim of controlling and managing energy consumption is an important topic. Findings of different empirical studies on the factors affecting energy intensity are inconsistent and this raises uncertainty about the employed models. One of the techniques that conform to these uncertainty conditions of the model is the Bayesian averaging approach. The purpose of this study is to identify robust and fragile factors affecting energy intensity in Iran provinces over the period from 2008 till 2015 using Bayesian averaging approach. The studied variables are selected from among the economic, demographic, industrial, commercial, transportation, Energy sector, factors related to Knowledge-based economy and climate factors. 24 variables were reviewed and by assessment of more than 8 million regressions and Bayesian averaging of the coefficients, 9 variables were identified as the most affecting factors on energy intensity in Iran provinces; share of service sector in production, ratio of export to production, share of oil and petroleum products in energy consumption, income per capita, energy price, number of warm months, per capita capital of employed persons, number of cold months and population growth rate. It was also revealed that per capita income, share of service sector in production, share of oil and petroleum products in energy consumption, energy price and number of warm months have negative effect on energy intensity but other robust variables increase energy intensity. These findings can provide important policy recommendations, especially for the use of energy planners and policy makers.

Generally, the necessity of energy supply and demand management cannot be overlooked in energy efficiency improvement, and in many inefficient systems like the energy system of Iran the important energy indexes and their gap from the standard level imply this issue. Meanwhile, Applying policies that can change end-user behavior is of a particular importance; the law on reforming energy consumption pattern is one of the main rules including policies and plans which are running to improve energy efficiency, energy consumption and reducing greenhouse gas emissions . In the present article, at first, the status of Iran in the world in terms of the energy intensity index is analyzed in detail, and then the requirements of the law on reforming energy consumption pattern, and the dimensions and executive approaches of the law to decline the energy intensity are reviewed. As a main result of this survey, the need to amend the pattern of energy consumption in different sectors, promoting energy technologies and applying the incentive and disincentive measures envisaged in the foresaid law can have a significant impact on reducing the energy intensity of the country and help to boost the economy and increase productivity.

This paper, investigates the threshold effect of increasing non-oil exports on energy intensity in selected of OPEC member countries for the period of 1995-2012, using panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model as one of the most prominent regime-switching models. For this end, the non-oil exports variable is used as a transition variable. The linearity test results indicate clearly nonlinear relationship among variables under consideration. Moreover, nonexistence of remaining nonlinearity relationship justifies considering one transition function and one threshold parameter, which shows a two regime model. In this study slope parameter is 21/1681 and threshold value is 8/4715. In the first regime exports has a negative impact on energy intensity and by transition of threshold value and entry to second-regime negative impact has been decreased. Therefore increasing exports decreases energy intensity in this countries.

This paper tries to analyze changes in Iranian energy intensity in the manufacturing sector during 2003-2013, using the divisia index in multiplicative form. Results show that energy intensity in the manufacturing sector has not improved over this period. Energy intensity in the manufacturing sector has increased slightly accounting for structural effect and pure intensity effect as well. Energy-intensive industries have been developed because of lower energy prices. Energy saving policies of the government had less impact on energy efficiency and technology improvement. So, energy saving policies should be enforced in the manufacturing sector and an autonomous entity for implementing and supervising these policies must be established to reduce energy intensity leading to sustainable economic development and improvements in energy efficiency

The importance of improving energy efficiency in the industry and its sub-sections is that reduce the cost of production at the macro level, Pay less subsidies and reduce the cost of industrial products. In this way, enhanced the value added of these sectors and increase competitiveness, enhance product quality, and ultimately, reduce imports some of important goods and increase exports of some products that made. This study examines the effect of eliminating energy subsidies on the energy intensity in iran industry using the approach of seasonal time series data in during 1385-1392 with Cobb-Douglas cost function that negative correlation between energy intensity and energy prices approved. Also results show that over time with advances in technology, energy intensity is decreased. Then energy price liberalization scenario, assuming a steady rise in nominal prices for the period 1392-1389 is studied. The results show that after the liberation of energy prices, energy intensity is decreased so that the highest reduction in the first year of liberalization and in the years following the reduction of energy intensity has decreased.

The obvious fact is that economic growth and productivity, will reduce energy intensity. In the literature of industrial development, structural industrial energy imrovement can increase the growth rate, through transfer of factors from low productivity sectors to high productivity sectors. In this study, we try to identify the factors affecting the industrial structure and the impact of each of these factors on the intensity of energy in Iranian industries. The results show a positive effect for domestic R&D expenditures labor and energy prices and negative impacts for human capital, labor, physical capital accumulation and share of private ownership on energy intensity. The effect of trade openness index is meaningless