جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "پیش پرداخت" در نشریات گروه "مدیریت"

The regulator of payment network services in Iran, in addition to monitoring the compliance of activities in the payment network in accordance with legal requirements, has information about the acceptors and their transactions, which makes it possible to use it in accordance with the law for related institutions. The tax affairs organization is one of the institutions that can use this information to identify and collect taxes. In this research, the effectiveness of payment network regulatory measures in the ecosystem of Iran's payment industry, which has a common aspect with the activities of the Tax Administration, was investigated. The hidden variables investigated include compliance of the main information of receivers and taxpayers, compliance of the business location with the tax file, identification of the transaction, deduction of tax from the transaction and submission of report. The method of this research is applied from the point of view of the goal and descriptive survey from the point of view of the method. The results of the analysis of the information extracted from the questionnaire indicate the confirmation of the effectiveness of the regulator of the payment network in the accurate identification and calculation of the tax of purchase funds from the taxable receivers in the payment network of Iran.

Payment technology or paytech is one of the largest sub-sectors of fintech and focuses on the movement of money within the country. the transition from traditional services to innovative services has many advantages, but in terms of establishing international relations, protecting users, and also the environment in which the startup business operates, the challenges exist. The purpose of this study is to know the typology of paytech transition path Based on what has happened so far in the field of payment. The research paradigm is interpretive and the research method is qualitative and based on narrative-research and the analytical framework of multilevel perspective is used. data has been collected from Central Bank Regulations and reports published in fintech media from the beginning of 1389 to the end of 1399. During this period, 829 reports were reviewed, of which 130 were related to the discussion, and by studying them, the actors and their relationship with each other and their behavior in the face of changes in regulations, laws, and the provision of new services were examined and the coexistence or competitiveness of the relationship, as well as the level of development of innivation and its competitiveness with the regime were analyzed. results show that the transition path is technological substitution and due to the gradual changes, it follows the pattern of Fit and Conform.

Bitcoin is an emerging payment technology that can significantly impact the growth of businesses related to the tourism ecosystem and eliminate historical dependence on the global financial system. Due to the heterogeneous nature of bitcoin networks and the diversity of actors in the tourism industry, creating a collaborative network occurs when tourists and business owners accept the use of bitcoin simultaneously. Therefore, in search of the answer to the question of what factors lead to the failure or success of the proposed network, we presented a model of the Bitcoin-tourism cooperation network. Using the Prisma method, in-depth interviews, creating a panel of international experts from 6 countries, and a fuzzy cognitive mapping method, the influential factors on the acceptance of this network were introduced. Findings show that although the perceived usefulness variable has the highest impact on other factors, the improvement of two factors of cheap transaction costs and knowledge of bitcoin performance gives the best result in the perceived utility variable and ultimately acceptance of bitcoin. The results of this study help to promote and develop new models of tourism-related businesses. Business owners in tourism can also use the proposed solutions, a new strategy to increase market share and business development in the most remote parts of the country. Government decision-makers can also help increase revenue levels and develop the tourism ecosystem in the country by adopting protectionist policies, reducing barriers to doing business through intellectual property protections, developing the required infrastructure, and drafting a bill for the legislature.

Due to the current situation in Iran and the existence of currency problems in transferring currency from Iran to other countries, the need to identify the appropriate international payment method in the face of sanctions, as a social responsibility has become more necessary for the country's Banking system. In this article, it has been tried to choose the most suitable international payment method focusing on foreign brokers in Iran's Banking system, so that in addition to fulfilling the social mission of Banks, the best advice can be provided to corporate clients with a social marketing approach.This research is a combination of library studies and interviews with experts in terms of practical purpose and data gathering. It is also a method of gathering library and field information. Data gathering tool after discovering the dimensions of the research through in-depth interviews with experts was a questionnaire that was designed with 24 questions researcher's made and after proving its validity and reliability among the research population (32 experts in the Iranian Banking system). This questionnaire was designed to research four main hypotheses in terms of "open account", "Advanced-Payment", "Collections" and "letter of credit" in order to select the best international payment method . The results of using some non-parametric tests showed that foreign brokerages of the Banking system only tend to use the two methods of "open account" and "Advanced-payment", which the use of "open account" is more than the "advance-payment" method. Finally, suggestions were made to managers in the field of staff-training.

Mobile phones utilize multiple technologies in order to provide services for users. USSD, is one of the most used technologies, which has been used by mobile phone users in recent years. The aim of this paper is to analyze evolution of its development and application in Iran from 2011 to 2021 by an institutional approach. Moreover, this study includes analysis on how institutional players influenced USSD technology development and utilization. Findings are categorized into four periods of introduction to the market, growth through the market, limitations and challenges, and stagnation. Each period is analyzed from practical, policy, business, economic and political aspects. To collect data, 10 experts were interviewed. Besides, documents, reports, events, media news, rules and regulations related to the USSD were analyzed. Findings indicate that over the first and second period, institutions and players have positive impact on scaling up the application of technology in the market. However, in the subsequent periods, USSD technology negatively affected by central bank restrictive regulations and reorientation of banking and payment service providers, resulting from a new powerful alternative namely mobile internet. Findings also present policy suggestions and implications for policy-making on how face new technologies as well as future research avenues for policy researchers.

In restructured power sector atmosphere, ownership of generation segment has been offered to private sector while another private sector will be responsible for operation and maintenance of machineries generally over an internal contract. A systematic analysis of their relationship needs accurate study of the contract between parties since the most important factor which form an interaction between parties is their contract. However, asymmetric information phenomena and its sequels, i.e. moral hazard and adverse selection, are obstacles toward favorable designed contract. In this paper, we are trying to analyze relationship between owner and operator of DG (distributed generator) within a contract and over the framework of game theory with emphasis on moral hazard and adverse selection simultaneously. As a result, we are trying to design a set of optimal contracts for offering to operator. The contracts are designed within mathematical approach in a way to maximize owner’s utility while reaching maximum motivation and partnership of operator. Finally, we try to simulate the result and evaluate the accuracy of theoretical assumptions. The result of study indicates how owners of generators can design a set of contracts for offering to possible operators, knowing specifications of their community.

The aim of this study is to identify and explain barriers of establishing performance-based pay system in public organizations. The nature of this research is qualitative; data have been collected through interviews with managers in public sector. Also data have been analyzed by using thematic analysis strategy. The population consists of senior managers of public organization in Tehran that the establishment of the systems such as objective-based management have experienced. The Snowball sampling was conducted and the number of samples have been 10. The findings suggest that Performance appraisal systems, funding and inadequate resources, lack of knowledge and expertise in the establishment of performance-based pay systems, lack of management commitment, the specific conditions prevailing in public organizations, lack of involvement in the establishment of performance-based pay systems, lack of technology information and communication as well as the traditional approach to public sector management as internal elements and lack of appropriate rules and regulations in public organizations and inappropriate economic conditions as external elements are the barriers of establishment of performance-based pay system.

This research is aimed at assessment of the effects of various payment systems on accountability and responsiveness of the employees. Having studied the theoretical literature and having introduced the various payment systems, the researchers proposed the final conceptual model. This model included three payment systems: hourly payment, payment on the basis of evaluating mental performance, and competitive payment. These systems were employed as predictive variables, while office hours and human resource constancy were proposed as intermittent variables, and job accountability was regarded as standard variable. A questionnaire based on Likert table, composed of 36 questions, was employed to assess the variables. The research population included 360 employees at Mellat Bank in the north west of Tehran. The data was analyzed by SPSS20 and SmartPLS2. The results indicated that payment systems negatively affected job accountability. Competitive payment system came out to be appropriate due to its positive relation with office hours and constancy. It can be employed effectively by public organizations and companies.

This paper presents a mathematical model for the multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with maximizing the net present value of project. The proposed model is inspired by MRCPSP-GPR. Firstly, we presented an exact model solving MRCPSP_GPR then we expanded the model to estimate other cost-related options, penalty-related expenditure is a case in point. As a result of estimating different factors which impact on project scheduling such as reward and penalty of finishing the project, managers can efficiently make a better decision. For better adaptation with real conditions, we consider two payment methods in two objective functions. The adjusted schedule by proposed model and solving time was logical. Moreover, to verify the proposed model, a numerical example is solved in small size and the related computational results are illustrated in terms of schedules. In addition, computational results with a set of 36 test problems in various sizes are reported and the results analyzed.

Today's organizations change their pay structure and pay for performance role increased in pay package. Performance pay in every organizational level has been appear. Many researches show that in high performance organizations, variable pay has critical role. Another variable that is very important in designing compensation strategy is pay dispersion. With using hierarchical linear modeling and real salary and wage data from Bank Mellat, research show that performance pay and pay dispersion influence performance and pay dispersion has a moderator role. also research show that individual performance pay and pay dispersion are more important than group pay for performance.

Increasing growth of IT has caused enormous change in products and services sales. As a result, global business and commerce is coincided with electronic commerce. Therefore, study of factors influencing customers’ tendency to pur-chase form virtual shops become important. This survey was conducted aiming to study factors influencing customers’ tendency to purchase form virtual shops in 2014. Studied sample was 87 of Alldigital shop’s customers, randomly select-ed. The questionnaire used in this study was structured one and its validity was measured by test-retest and Chronbach alpha methods. T-test and ANOVA were applied for data analysis and independent effective variable ranking was done by Duncan test in SPSS software V. 19. Based on this analysis, effective factors including security, support, ease of access and use, supplied goods, payment method, content, created innovation, and liability for the shop were identified, indicating influence of all items on their tendency to purchase from virtual shop. But generally customer support and payment method were more effective.

While the importance of customer loyalty has been recognized in marketing literature for several decades, the design and explanation of persistent customer loyalty and its antecedents in electronic commerce especially in an e-retailing context have not been addressed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop and validate such antecedents of persistent loyalty and to propose a comprehensive model. For this purpose, based on e-commerce and marketing literature, a comprehensive set of constructs have been designed and examined on 211 customers of e-retailers using path analysis. The findings imply that persistent customer loyalty has been influenced significantly by all of the recognized factors including trust, payment security, perceived value, customer satisfaction, customization, purchase convenience, brand character, and contact interactivity. Also, customer satisfaction and trust have mediator role in the model.