جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "کوید-19" در نشریات گروه "مدیریت"

Work and life are inevitably associated with mental pressure. Some organizations do not experience much mental pressure, but some others experience high level of mental pressure. Outbreak of Covid-19 disease has imposed high stress on some organizations, especially health care staffs. Since psychological stress can be controlled and prevented, several models have been presented for its control and management. The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a local model to manage and control psychological stress in the public sector (Case study: Tabriz hospitals) using a data-driven method. The present study was conducted by using qualitative method and experts' opinion and by using Glaser method and by interviewing with experts, including 45 managers and supervisors of Tabriz hospitals.The present study is descriptive in terms of method and During the interviews, 57 open codes, 28 concepts and 5 components were extracted, which were classified into two main categories: controllable and uncontrollable.

The tourism industry is notoriously vulnerable to crises, and it has experienced a wide range of crises over time. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has marked the most serious crisis the industry has witnessed since 1950. As scholars explain, risk perception related to COVID-19 would affect consumers' preferences, leading to changes in their long-term behaviours. The Iranian tourism industry has been extensively damaged due to the pandemic. Although it is not clear when the pandemic can be controlled and life could return to pre-COVID-19 normalcy, the process of tourism demand recovery would require a clear understanding of consumers' transformed attitudes and perceptions and potential tourists' travel intentions. This study aims to investigate the impact of Iranian domestic tourists' socio-demographic characteristics on their travel intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk-related factors affecting it (perceived risk, risk aversion, and frequency of past travel). Also, tourists' travel purposes are compared in the light of their socio-demographic characteristics. The study seeks to raise the awareness of tourism destination marketers of Iranian domestic tourists' behaviours during the pandemic. Socio-demographic characteristics and travel purposes are among the most common criteria for categorizing target markets and directly impacting travel behaviours. Presently, domestic tourism is regarded as the most important option for helping the tourism industry rebound. In the case of Iran, considering people's reduced purchasing power caused by economic outcomes of the pandemic and US-imposed sanctions, domestic tourism seems to be the primary option for tourists.

The data were collected from September 2020 to October 2020, after the second wave of the pandemic hit Iran. An online questionnaire was created to gather the data, and its link was distributed via social media. The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, travel intention (TI), frequency of past travel (FOP), travel purposes, perceived risk (PR), and risk aversion attitudes (ATT). A five-point Likert scale was used to measure the variables. The final sample included 363 respondents. The data were processed and analysed in SPSS 24.0 through descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and regression analysis.

The findings confirmed gender-related differences in travel intentions, perceived risk, risk aversion attitudes, and frequency of past travel. Age was not significantly different in terms of travel intentions or perceived risk. However, different age groups expressed various views regarding risk aversion attitudes and frequency of past travel. Travel intentions and risk aversion attitudes showed different values in terms of income. The high-income participants had more negative attitudes about accepting risks and tended to travel more during the pandemic. The participants who described their income as below average expressed the least travel intentions. Frequency of past travel, risk aversion attitudes, and perceived risk showed significant differences in the participants' family life stages. The only variable that showed a significant difference concerning education level was travel intentions. People holding a high school diploma and below showed the least, whereas those having an Associate's or a Bachelor's degree expressed the highest degree of travel intentions. The results showed the significant impact of gender on the frequency of past travel, perceived risk, risk aversion attitudes, and travel intentions. Similarly, age significantly affected risk aversion attitudes and perceived risk, while the family life stage significantly affected the frequency of past travel and risk aversion attitudes. Income and education level did not affect any of the dependent variables. Comparing travel purposes during the COVID-19 pandemic based on socio-demographic characteristics revealed a significant difference in VFR and family life stage. Concerning pilgrimage, the males (with less perceived risk and more risk-taking tendencies) and married people without children showed the highest religious tourism purposes. With work-education travels, the participants with average income expressed the least, whereas those with high income reported the highest travel intentions. Furthermore, those who lived alone reported the highest rate of work-education purposes. However, those living with their spouse but without their children expressed the least tendency to travel. Those with a high school diploma and below expressed the least, whereas those with a Master's degree and Ph.D. reported the highest degree of such travel purpose.

Based on results, marketing messages must target females and address their concerns about themselves and family members while assuring them that specific strategies are used in the tourism supply chain and destinations to reduce COVID-19 infection. The highest frequency of past travel was observed in the 25-44 age group, whereas the 14-24 age group showed the least risk aversion attitudes. Marketing activities must primarily target young tourists to help shape post-COVID-19 tourism. As the findings revealed, marketing messages should communicate businesses' commitment to the health protection of elderly couples who travel independently. Strategies should be implemented in line with the needs of this age group, and medical or healthcare facilities should be offered to them in tourism destinations so that their perceptions of vulnerability and lack of environmental control can be reduced. Iran's domestic tourism target markets should be categorized by the three influential socio-demographic variables, namely gender, age, and family life stage. Messages and strategies compatible with each category should be designed by focusing on the needs of females, young tourists, and elderly couples. The findings, generally speaking, suggested that under COVID-19 conditions, marketers must foreground: (a) gender in the case of recreation tourism; (b) gender and family life stage in the case of religious tourism; (c) family life stage for VFR trips; and (d) income, family life stage, and education level for work-educational travels. For each case, marketers must formulate necessary strategies and communicate relevant messages.

This study provides a framework for how to manage consumer behavior during the outbreak of global pandemic’s by focusing on Covid 19 in a direction that leads to favorable results for retailers. The importance of this research is that at present, due to the spread of epidemic disease and the resulting recession, many changes in consumer behavior can be observed and since retailers are highly influenced by changes in consumer behavior because of their inherent characteristics, having a framework to guide their practice can greatly help them; forasmuch as even in critical situations, by implementing appropriate strategies, business performance can be maintained or even improved. In order to present this framework, qualitative content analysis method with inductive approach was used. The sampling method in the present study is purposeful, after analyzing 27 relevant and valid studies and conducting interviews with experts in the field of consumer behavior by snowball method, the framework for how to manage consumer behavior was presented: This framework includes 4 main categories of transparency, effective communication, community-based behavior and endurance, 16 components and 57 indicators. The reliability of the model was confirmed using the kappa index.

The spread of the Internet in everyday life and its development in all social and economic sectors and business processes has caused in today's world, caused by the spread of the deadly corona virus, fundamental changes in the economic system and consequently in marketing and marketing advertising; Therefore, this study tries to help develop theoretical knowledge in this field by examining the characteristics of viral advertising and provide solutions for the implementation of viral advertising programs for marketing managers; Therefore, the aim of the present study is to design a native model of viral advertising for online retailers using the data method. The present research is an applied research in terms of purpose and a qualitative survey research in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 15 managers and senior experts of the online retail company Digi Kala who were selected by purposive cluster sampling. Research data were collected using semi-structured interviews, the questions of which were confirmed by face to face with the opinion of professors and experts. Results of data method analysis of six identified categories; Indicates causal category, main category, contextual category, interventionist or environmental category, strategies and consequences category. The results of the quantitative section also show that the proposed model presented in the research has seven indicators including message content, usage, sensory perception, trust, branding, ease of use and attitude.

Nowadays, the tourism industry is facing special conditions due to the Pandemic of COVID-19 disease. To overcome this crisis, cannot rely on the actions of the government alone. The main idea of this research is to use the concepts of responsible tourism and to propose an approach called directional-responsible tourism to deal with the consequences of COVID -19. In this approach, the role of the government as a leader is combined with the role of the tourism body as a responsible and it is stated how responsible behavior in action at the individual and organizational level contributes to the concept of leadership at the macro level. The present study is a qualitative exploratory research. Qualitative content analysis method was used to formulate the solutions and screening was used to finalize them. Finally, the solutions were prioritized according to the two dimensions of implementation capability and helping to achieve the goals. The results show that all stakeholders, including government, industry, social groups, and even people and tourists, have a key role to play in overcoming this crisis faster and must play their part.

Undoubtedly, the tourism industry is one of the industries, most sensitive and vulnerable to crises. Major events such as natural disasters, epidemics, terrorist attacks, mismanagement, etc. put pressure on the industry. On the other hand, the tourism industry is always influenced by society and based on interactions between people. The outbreak of the COVID-19 has posed an important challenge to the world’s tourism sector. The objective of the present study is to examine the effect of COVID-19 on the tourism and hospitality industry and to present marketing strategies during and after the Corona crisis. The present study is a review study based on information collected from several searches of Internet sources in English language databases including Google Scholar, Emerald, Science Direct and Springer using English keywords such as Post-corona marketing strategies. COVID-19, COVID-19's effect on the hotel industry and COVID-19 pandemic on hospitality industry were performed. It should be noted that 13 articles were selected as relevant and final sources to investigate this issue. Data were collected from the site of the World Tourism Organization and categorized according to the objectives of the study. Studies show that inbound tourism will grow by 3 to 4 percent in 2020. However, given the SARS scenario and the spread of the Corona virus and the prediction of its economic effects, the organization changed its forecast and predicted that global tourism will grow by 1 to 3 percent in 2020.

One of the crises that affected tourism in 2020, especially in the hospitality industry, was the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) health crisis, which had major economic damage on the global hotel industry for more than three months and it has caused the closure and adjustment of human resources in this sector. The present study, with emphasis on accommodations (hotels, ecological resorts, hostels, and traditional hotels) in Iran, attempts to identify appropriate solutions for the resurgence of accommodation business in the Post- COVID-19. The data collection tool in this study was the interview, A semi-structured interview with elites, experts, and researchers was done; Qualitative (Thematic analysis) method was used to analyze, and the results of the interview were analyzed using open coding and axial coding, illustrated that policy-making, collaboration, market penetration, product development, increasing awareness, and information exchange are suitable solutions for the prosperity of accommodation in the Post- COVID-19.

The purpose of this study was to identify the consequences of covid-19 in sport tourism and providing solutions. This research was done by qualitative method, thematic analysis, which is applied and exploratory in terms of purpose. The statistical population consisted of all experts in the field of sport management, Sociology, and Tourism. Access to subjects was selected in a purposive sampling method through Interviewing with 14 people, theoretical saturation occurred here. The results showed that the consequences of the coronavirus on sports tourism included 40 sub-categories, which were placed in 9 main-categories. Finally, four concepts of job outcomes, event, sustainable development, and post-coronavirus ones were obtained. The results showed that the suggested solutions included 51 sub-categories placed in 11 main categories. Finally, five concepts were obtained that were Economic, health, infrastructure, management, and post-coronavirus solutions. Theoretically, having seen for future studies in the field of sport tourism and sport management foundationally, results can be used to help scientific richness in these fields complete. Practically, all relevant organizations and managers can know the current and future challenges and use the proposed solutions to deal with current and future situations.

In recent years, a new stream of innovation studies has emerged due to the disparities generated by economic development that focus on developing innovative products for the constrained market. This stream of studies comes in some way under the subject of Inclusive Innovation and various headings such as "BOP Innovation" or "Resource-Constrained Innovation." The "Frugal Innovation" model has the most significant volume of studies among the different innovation models under the above subject. Focusing on specific customer needs and the product's core functionality and eliminating unnecessary product features, we seek to use innovative methods with the least resources (materials, energy, human resources, financial resources, etc.) to design and manufacture goods with acceptable performance and in line with the needs of our markets. Because of healthcare's specific characteristics, most frugal innovation case studies in the literature related to this area. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the frugal innovation approach has been seen in many countries as a problem-solving and crisis-management capability. This is due to the need to provide fast, inexpensive, and scalable solutions that can be learned. Based on the documentary study method, while exploring the theoretical foundations of the frugal innovation approach in the Iran innovation studies for the first time, this article aims to examine the capacities of this approach to tackle the epidemic crisis and to provide evidence of successful product samples from different countries, and then to draw lessons learned from these studies Based on the lessons learned from the Corona era, this paper introduces frugal innovation approach as a new perspective for Iranian entrepreneurs and businesses in the post-Corona era, during which limited resources firms develop innovative products for customers in emerging markets.

The emergence of pandemics is generally seen as a shock to the economic system because its mode of entry into economic interactions and relationships is exogenous. Therefore it is essential to classify the channels of this phenomenon, and this section offers a brief description of those channels. Naturally, with mobility restrictions, the closure of many educational and non-educational institutions, the reduction of business hours, the supply of goods and services are reduced. Besides, the economy's final demand, including household, government, nonprofit organizations, demand for investment, and demand for corporate warehouses, is mostly that. The third axis of economic power is a marked reduction in imports due to limitations on its foreign operations. Exports will be affected by the disease, as will imports. The demand-driven Leontief model is often used to integrate shocks from imports and exports. The internal symmetric Input-Output table is used instead of the traditional Input-Output table, to integrate export and import into the design. The generalized partial hypothetical extraction model is often used to calculate supply and demand shocks by changing the final demand vector.

Although the COVID-19 crisis has devastated many companies worldwide, some firms have implemented effective strategies to make their way into growth and development. Governments also provide these companies with various supports about their need. Because of the strategic importance of knowledge-based enterprises for Iran, we have investigated how government supports influence the development of prospective strategies of ten knowledge-based enterprises facing COVID-19 pandemic using a qualitative approach and multiple case study process. Data of this study were collected through semi-structured interviews with CEOs of these ten companies. To verify this data, we used the data triangulation method of interviews, vice-presidential documents for science and technology, and Iran National Innovation Fund documents as its three sides. Analyzing the qualitative content of produced and collected documents through the research process suggests that the main drivers of various companies' prospective strategies during the COVID-19 crisis are increased demand in their businesses and firms because of their technologies and resources, and relying on government support exploited these opportunities. Besides, evidence suggests that the government has provided a variety of financial and non-financial support tools to support these firms. However, in defining these prospective strategies, we cannot find government support to be a substitute for market attractiveness, though most of these companies were unable to execute their strategies without government support. Therefore, besides market attractiveness, we need to find government support as a vital complement to the creation of prospective knowledge-based enterprise strategies facing the COVID-19 outbreak.

The ongoing worldwide epidemic of COVID-19 revisited the focus of care prevention. The consequences of direct and indirect costs on the nation's economy, or the mention of security and defense issues such as bioterrorism and passive defense, have made such a tremendous impact on the world that has strategically clarified the importance of vaccine technology in the current century. There have been extensive efforts in various countries around the world to manufacture COVID-19 vaccines, and these projects have not been limited to well-known countries. Newcomer countries, however, have also mobilized their capital on this level. This article would highlight the importance of action in the country to develop and manufacture this vaccine, in short, by looking at the current efforts in one of the newcomers to this arena (India) based on the documentary study method (evidence-based process). Because of its unique characteristics, India was chosen. Their share of the international vaccine market and the degree to which they play a part in the global interactions of the vaccine currently differ markedly from that of Iran. The ultimate aim of this outlook is to begin to consider the triggers, which will undoubtedly be a fruitful subject for future research in the health sector policymaking and implementation.

Traditionally, policymaking has been a logical, linear, and sequential mechanism that involves problem description, policy formulation, decision making, policy execution, and policy evaluation. However, some problems are unresolved and complicated, and cannot be solved by rational methods because they often have unintended consequences. Development thinking requires a human-centric, participatory, and iterative approach to problem-solving. This approach stresses the importance of early participation and is perfect for identifying wicked or complex problems. Technology thinking was essential for product creation and used in policymaking today as a policy innovation. This method has a five-step process, including empathy, description, ideation, prototype, testing. In this paper, COVID-19 is introduced as a multidimensional problem. It recommends the approach of design thinking to tackle this problem and then contrasts the macro-policies adopted by the National Task Force for Coronavirus Combat with the design thinking process measures.

The world noticed an emerging virus in the Chinese city of Wuhan, in early January. At first, no one was concerned – officials said it was not infectious – so on Chinese New Year, it was considered a local problem that was published coincidentally. Today, after about 300 days of lockout, which is limited to the coronavirus outbreak's epicenter, it has spread all over the world, with every aspect of life, including the ruin of companies. Some countries faced the crisis preferring the use of big data governance over just maximum physical isolation. Notably, some Southeast Asian countries, such as Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and Singapore, have adopted a set of smart strategies based on data science and disruptive techs to enhance the crisis management process. Past work indicates a major difference in terms of results and overall efficacy between the smart data-driven approach and the strict lockdown policy. This point of view attempts to address these gaps by making distinctions based on knowledge obtained from two approaches. Therefore, it holds a critical position on the extent of progress for each nation, which is the embeddedness of such an integrated strategy in both socio-cultural and political contexts. The paper investigates Iranian experiences of data-driven responses to COVID-19, namely Mask application and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education's online self-assessment, regarding their contribution to the crisis management process. Thus, it seems that integrating success around the problem mentioned above, threatening human existence, requires a cohesive governance strategy that allows people of the digital age to be mobilized for a public interest, social security, and public health.