جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « advertisement » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

Exploitation of celebrities’ image in commercial advertisement is one of the most influential tools in identifying products to consumer. Most of the endorsement companies use this kind of advertising for identifying products. Celebrities have a great tendency to conclude endorsement contract with companies, since obtaining revenue from this contracts is higher than other contracts. Nature of this contracts in comparison to other similar contracts are described in the form of article10 of civil code. Although exploitation of celebrities’ image has a great impact on consumers’ attention to buy products, companies are at risk that celebrities’ engaging in unethical activities can damage their fame, and have a negative impact on consumers’ view. As a result, endorsement companies use clauses like moral clauses, claw-back clauses or liquidated damage to protect their capital and fame. Also, celebrities are facing the danger that companies will change consumers’ view by engaging in unethical activities. As a result, celebrities are trying to specify reverse moral clause in their contracts.

Obesity and overweight among children is one of the most important public health issues. The promotion of food and beverage in the media can influence children’s food preferences, consumption, and consequently their health status. Although children magazines are regarded as an informative and trusted source for parents and free from advertising charges, they do use covert marketing techniques to deliver food products within the content. The inclusion of non-branded food products in the content of media programs affects children's attitudes and perceptions. Most studies have analyzed the content of media such as television, and therefore they disregard the role of magazines in highlighting food products. The aim of this study was to increase the awareness and informed participation of the editorial boards of children’s magazines, public health advocates, nutritionists, and the parents about the use of promotional techniques in advertising unhealthy food products in the content of the children’s magazines.

In this study, content analysis method is used with a focus on 5 active children's magazines in Iran over a six-month period. At first, the journals were manually coded by two researchers based on the analysis unit whether each magazine has indicated a reference or display of food options. Accordingly, food options in the magazines were categorized based on the healthiness/unhealthiness and the respective nutritional group. Unhealthy category included nine food groups of chocolate and sweets, snacks, high-sugar ice drinks, fast foods, desserts, high-fat or sweet bread products, high-fat dairy, high-sugar and high-sodium cereals, as well as miscellaneous items. The healthy foods include six groups of carbohydrates, fruits and vegetables, proteins, dairy products, fats, and miscellaneous items. Then, the type of advancement used in the advertisement of unhealthy food products was identified.

The results suggest that Nabat Magazine with 55 cases (38.4%) had the highest rate of advertisement of unhealthy food; but, Dooste koodakan Magazine had the lowest rate with 18 cases (12.5%). In total, 143 unhealthy foods were repeated in these magazines. The unhealthy food products can be ranked as follows: chocolate and sweets (30.7%), desserts (18.8%), high-fat or sweet bread products (13.2%), miscellaneous foods (13.2%), fast foods (8.4%), snacks (7.7%), high-sugar ice drinks (4.2%), high-fat dairy products (3.5%), as well as high-sugar and high-sodium cereals (0 %). The technique of emotional attraction (44.6%) was the most applied technique which was followed by the food attraction technique (28.7%), and the visual elements technique (27%). Pleasant techniques, joy techniques, and play/adventure techniques were the three most implemented techniques among the marketing promotion techniques in children’s magazines.

Based on the effective role of using promotional techniques in the acceptance of unhealthy food products by children and sometimes unintentional use of these techniques in the content of the magazines, the results of this study can be used by health activists, managers of children’s magazines, and the parents in order to prevent the process of obesity among the children. According to the ranking among unhealthy food products, the highest rate belonged to chocolate and sweets with 44 cases. Easy access to these items for children and advertisements in media (magazines) can lead to the acceptance and desire for these products among children. Authors should be aware that sometimes food products are used in order to attract their audience and communicate with them to convey scientific, literary, religious concepts, etc. Eventually, it should be acknowledged that references to unhealthy foods in the form of recipes, pictures, stories, and games in the magazines contain effective messages whose repeated occurrence might lead to an inclination towards unhealthy items by the children

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of levels of metacognitive difficulty in advertisement on mental involvement from persistence dimension. This research is applied with the method of quasi-experimental post-test with control group based on manipulation of advertising image quality. A total of 136 students of Yazd University were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to 8 experimental and control groups with 17 members. The data of this study were collected from October 2017 to December 2018 by the implementation of MATLAB program. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Also, T-test was used to compare the mean of the two populations.  The results revealed that the individuals’ mental involvement was more in semi-complex advertising and luxury brand advertising. However, completely difficult or easy advertisement did not have a significant effect on the individuals’ involvement from persistence dimension

Nowadays, before deciding to expand their market to other countries, companies must understand international environment. In last two decades, the environment encountered a lot of changes that make problems and prepare opportunities for business. International trade and global investment is growing fast. Thus the companies interested to enter international markets, must have a real understanding of international trade system. It seems that the companies who want to penetrate global markets and pass boundaries, need updated exact information about the markets. There are “Marketing Services Incorporations” that fulfill these needs and help the companies extend their markets and activities. In order to create and expand the Marketing Services Incorporations, this paper made two distinct surveys, asking marketing services’ executive managers and customers to find the needs that must be supported by public sectors and activities that must be done by governmental trade organizations. Based on prior studies, investigations and experts’ opinion, this paper presents four subsystems to support marketing services agencies including law-making systems, support systems, informing systems and “Monitoring-Assessment” systems. Required support for these institutions were classified in six categories that Include: counseling, information, legal, research, educational and financial.