جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "disability" در نشریات گروه "مدیریت"

Disability is a global phenomenon that can be seen at all times and everywhere and it is an inevitable ailment that may have different causes and sources. On the other hand, employment for human life is inevitable, and the survival of societies and the life of the man requires some sort of working and activities. Disabled persons face many problems if they wish to be employed and do a job. The problems they may face, could be personal or environmental. One of the important factors that may improve disabled self- esteem and motivate them for social and economic activities and even getting them to be involved in entrepreneurship is self-esteem. The question of this research is how personal and environmental barriers affect the disabled entrepreneurship and what role does self-esteem plays here. The data for this research has been collected through detailed library studies. Also, we used a survey to ensure the role of self-esteem and the impact of environmental and personal factors on the entrepreneurship of disabled people through interviews with numbers of them. The results of the research indicate that personal and environmental barriers have a significant effect on the entrepreneurship of disabled people and self-esteem plays a moderating role in the relationship between personal barriers and entrepreneurship of disabled people.

All societies are facing disability as a biological and social phenomenon, regardless of the level of development. According to the World Health Organization (2011), currently more than one billion people in the world suffer from disabilities due to various physical, psychological and social reasons, which constitute 15% of the world's population and 80% of these people live in third world countries.  Also, it is predicted that by 2050, about 20% of the world's population will be elderly and the significant relationship between old age and disability.Given the boom in global and domestic travel and tourism in recent years, most families are usually encouraged to do so, and of course the existence of disability can be an obstacle in this regard; therefore, the right to travel and access to tourism spaces should be considered as one of the key social rights for the disabled and their families.Shiraz city has been introduced as the most standard city in Iran in the field of planning and special design for the disabled in 2016, but the main tourist spaces of this city do not have a special space for the disabled.The main purpose of this study is to evaluate tourism spaces in order to increase the attendance of the disabled in Shiraz. This means that by observing the standards and laws of urban design, the needs of the disabled in recreational places and tourist attractions can be met.

This research has a qualitative basis and an applied nature and is descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Library resources and field surveys in the form of a questionnaire were used to collect information. The statistical population in this study includes the disabled visiting the tourism places of Shiraz and the responsible people and experts (planners and urban designers) in the whole city are considered as the second pillar of the statistical population in this study.To prepare the research questionnaire, first the Delphi decision-making method was used to examine the opinions of experts about the researcher-made questionnaire based on this systematic method. Twenty urban experts related to the research topic participated in this process, each of whom commented on the same questions at least twice, and finally the questions and questionnaire items were prepared based on the consensus of these people. Questionnaire items were designed in two sections as the situation of tourism spaces in Shiraz and the attendance of tourists with disabilities in the form of questions. In order to assess the validity of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and 0.79 was obtained.For data analysis, the one-sample t-test and Pearson correlation statistical method as well as SOAR and QSPM techniques have been used. The SOAR model is a combination of the SWOT model and the positive view that Stavors has invented. In this model, the greatest strengths and opportunities in the community will be discovered through the participants and shareholders, and then the same group will suggest the ideals that they prefer to achieve in the future.

Using the results of the questionnaires and SPSS software, a one-sample t-test was performed for the data. The results of one-sample t-test indicate that the average obtained from the research items is higher than 2.5, i.e. the main average, and indicates that by creating better conditions for the disabled in tourism spaces, their presence in tourism environments can be increased. The significance level of the test was less than 0.50, which indicates the confirmation of the test.Pearson correlation test was used to measure the correlation between independent and dependent variables. The independent variable consisted of 8 questions and the dependent variable consisted of 3 questions which were aggregated. Considering the correlation coefficient of 0.68, which is more than 0.5, it can be said that there is a direct and somewhat appropriate relationship between items; this means that by adapting tourism spaces in Shiraz and improving the conditions in these spaces, we can better and faster see the presence of disabled tourists in Shiraz.

The results show that one of the most touristic cities in Iran does not yet have the necessary infrastructure to receive disabled tourists in all urban areas. Although the city of Shiraz has been somewhat successful in accepting and attracting disabled tourists compared to other cities in Iran, this city does not fully meet the needs of the disabled in tourism spaces. Also, the main reason for the absence of disabled tourists in tourism spaces is the lack of facilities and services. Officials also believe that special urban equipment for the disabled should be used more in Shiraz. Based on the results of SOAR matrix, the most important opportunities and strengths of Shiraz city include the possibility of optimal use of open spaces and barren lands in the city and suburbs; it is possible to create special tourism hubs for the disabled in the tourist areas of this city and the existence of active rail and air connections with different cities of the country.

More than one million Iranians live with a disability. Research has shown that people with disabilities are more vulnerable to disasters. The lack of knowledge and awareness, as well as accurate information and comprehensive statistical data on people with disabilities, is one of the major challenges in the first few days of the disaster, which leads to inaccurate programming and more vulnerability. Global assemblies have paid special attention to disability. Out of the 17 goals of sustainable development, 5 targets are for disabled people, which should be considered in all indicators of sustainable development goals. The purpose of this research is to provide information on various types of disabilities in the city of Tehran and their challenges, especially in times of disaster, in order to address the situation of these people based on the goals of sustainable development with awareness and recognition.

The present research is descriptive-analytic. In this study, statistics on various types of disabilities were extracted from the Iranian Statistical Center and then processed in the GIS software environment. The statistical indicators of this study include people with sensory disabilities (people with blind, deaf and deaf status, speech impairment), people with physical disabilities (people with a defect in the trunk, hand or foot) and people with mental disabilities (people with different mental disabilities). In order to calculate the total index, the sensory, physical and mental indices were calculated first with the same weighting statistics. Subsequently, the total disability index was calculated as the sum of sub-indices. Finally zoning conducted with geometrical interval method in GIS environment and determined prioritized regions.

One of the most important planning needs for this vulnerable group in the pre disaster period is to know their demographic distribution and knowledge of their needs at times of disaster, such as emergency evacuation, camps, emergency accommodation and food distribution, access Residential facilities and auxiliary facilities as well as after-care needs include those that need to be considered during reconstruction, recovery, and rehabilitation. In view of the importance of these needs and planning for its provision, the situation of the people with disability in Tehran (total people with various disabilities, speech, physical, blind, deaf and mentally handicapped) and the problems of each group of people with disabilities, with the distribution of them by gender in the city Tehran were investigated.

For the purpose of comprehensive disaster management planning and risk reduction programs to meet the needs and minimize the damage to this demographic group, final priority was drawn based on the total index of disability with emphasis on women. Based on the results of this prioritization, Region 4, Region 1, Region 2, and Region 5 were determined for critical disaster management planning and educational capacity building respectively.

This article tries to study the relationship between social security law and civil law. it explains that although their theoretical fundamentals contrast one another, these two fields of law complement each other in a way that social security law has turned into a helping hand for civil law in the cases that the former had already lost its social functions. On the other hand, civil law is considered the mother field of law; therefore, social security law refers to civil law and is subject to it.