جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « institutional » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

The aim of the current research was to present the model of institutional factors related to the implementation of redistributive policies in Iran's specialized state-owned commercial parent company. This research was conducted qualitatively using thematic analysis method. The participants of this research were upstream documents in the library department, and managers and employees of Iran's specialized state-owned commercial mother company in the field department. People were selected by targeted sampling with the criteria of at least 10 years of teaching, research and management experience in different academic courses. Sampling was done with the participation of 30 experts. The data collection tool consisted of two parts, review and exploration of research literature and upstream documents in the library part, and semi-structured interview in the field part. The semi-structured interview with the participants continued until the theoretical saturation stage. The method of analyzing the interviews was done using thematic analysis method (basic, organizing and inclusive themes). The process of coding and textual analysis of the interviews was conducted in MAXQDA 2018 qualitative data analysis software. The results showed that the model of institutional factors related to the implementation of redistributive policies consists of four dimensions of legal, cognitive, normative and guiding factors and 15 components.Extended AbstractIntroductionThe state of income distribution in different societies is not only important in economic terms, but is important also in political and social dimensions. The past and diverse experiences of growth and development also state the fact that the success of long-term and sustainable actions of governments in the field of economic growth and development of society is conditional on considering the distributional effects and consequences of policies, including the fair distribution of income in society; because the wide difference in the income of the rich and the poor is mainly caused by the very unequal initial distribution of productive wealth (such as land and capital). (Marques & Zakharov, 2022)Similarly, the policies of the government in the field of production boom includes carrying out commercial activities in the field of market regulation, procurement, storage, purchase, sale and distribution of basic, sensitive and necessary goods and any related and necessary activities, as well as control and supervision of all the silos of the private sector, flour factories and bakers in the covered provinces, which are carried out by Iran's state-owned specialized trading company. The policies as the will of the political system should be consisting of the government, the parliament and the judiciary in organizing affairs and interacting with the citizens. laws, regulations, instructions, circulars, and generally public policies is implemented during a process, followed by series of taken place events, happenings, events and activities. There is a presupposition that policies seek to create public interest, but the interests in different societies are not the same, and each individual and group can have separate and different interests from others (Alejandro et al., 2020).Institution is sometimes referred to organizations, sometimes to basic laws, sometimes to a person or a situation, and sometimes even to minor things like a contract. Different definitions of institutions remind us of different perceptions of the nature of social reality and social order (Arasti et al., 2012). North states that institutions are the rules of the game in society. As a result, institutions cause the motivations hidden in human exchanges to be structured, whether these exchanges are political, economic or social. In a general interpretation, institutions include beliefs, behaviors (rational or non-rational), traditions, rules and legal regulations that form a coordinated set around a core (North, 1990). On the other hand, policy making has a long history in the world, including in our country Iran. Although theoretical studies and research about the process of policy making in general, and the elements and stages of policy making in particular, have been relatively long in Western countries, in Iran, the study and research in policy making is still in its early stages. The review of past studies has shown that very few studies have been done in the field of institutional factors related to the implementation of redistributive policies. Therefore, the main question of the research is: what are the characteristics of the institutional factors related to the implementation of redistributive policies in Iran's specialized state-owned commercial parent company?Theoretical literatureThe literal meaning of policy is statute, creed, method and procedure. The first word that comes to mind from policy is politics. But sometimes the meaning of a word is not directly deduced from the word itself, such as the word motivation, which is often used in management instead of purpose, intention, and determination, but in Arabic, it means stimulus, and movement is hidden within it (Shahabi, 2019). From a point of view, policy-making is equivalent to decision-making, that is, it can be considered a type of decision-making because when a policy is determined, a decision has been made in the same position (Rezaian, 2018).The institutional perspective argues that in addition to the conditions and characteristics of organizations and industry structure, organizations need to consider the effects of other factors such as laws and regulations and the culture of societies in their management choices and activities (Peng, 2013). Institutions can determine formally; such as political and economic laws, laws, contracts, or informally; such as behavior, attitudes, values, behavioral norms and contracts, and in short, the culture of a society.According to North's theory (1990), formal institutions are dependent on informal institutions, in the sense that they are used as predicted from the structure of society's interactions in line with the cultural values and guidelines of formal institutions (Nawaz, 2015). Stenhelm et al. (2013) have added another dimension called the guiding dimension of the environment to the three normative, legal and cognitive dimensions of Scott (1995). The guiding dimension is a set of fertile conditions and industries including access to customers and suppliers and proximity to top universities, which affects the type of opportunities exploited in a system and provides the necessary ground for productive, innovative entrepreneurship with high growth potential.Research methodologyThe research method of this article is qualitative. The present research is applicable-developmental in terms of the goal, and in the category of qualitative research of content analysis type in terms of the research method (qualitative content analysis can be a research method for the subjective interpretation of the content of textual data through the processes of systematic classification, coding, and thematization or designing of known patterns). After taking the interviews from the participants and writing line by line the text related to the interviews, the researcher analyzed the texts; in fact, in this method, codes and concepts and identified categories were identified through the process of systematic classification, and then the institutional factors related to the implementation of redistributive policies have been identified. In the present research, semi-structured interviews were used to present the model of institutional factors related to the implementation of redistributive policies in Iran's specialized trading company. This is the reason for using semi-structured interviewResearch FindingsData analysis has been done using Max Kyoda. The research findings showedThe model of institutional factors related to the level of implementation of redistributive policies in Iran's state-owned specialized commercial parent company includes these dimensions: legal, cognitive, normative, guiding factors; and the research components include: formulation of an effective law for the presence of intermediaries, sufficient, necessary and specific laws, protective laws, creating a safe and legal platform, harmonizing the laws of related bodies, creating stability and clarity in the laws, promoting the knowledge of elites, promoting social knowledge, providing a scientific and technological environment, promoting creativity and ideation, providing a context of using the experiences of other countries, social norms, values and beliefs, providing economic infrastructure, correct and appropriate use of all kinds of advertisements.ConclusionThe purpose of this research was to identify the dimensions and components of institutional factors related to the implementation of redistributive policies in Iran's specialized state-owned commercial parent company. The results showed that the dimensions of the model include: legal, cognitive, normative, and guiding factors; and the research components include: drafting an effective law for the presence of intermediaries, sufficient, necessary and specific laws, protective laws, creating a safe and legal platform, harmonization of laws related bodies, creating stability and clarity in laws, promoting the knowledge of elites, promoting social knowledge, providing a scientific and technological environment, promoting creativity and ideation, providing a context for using the experiences of other countries, social norms, values and beliefs, providing economic infrastructure, the correct and appropriate use of all kinds of advertisements. The findings of this research in the legal dimension, in the factor of sufficient, necessary and specific laws, are consistent with the findings of the research conducted by Zarei & Parsa Mehr (2018), Vali Beigi (2009), and Akhavan & Dehghani (2014). In the factor of protective laws, it is consistent with the research results of Vali Beigi (2009) and Zarei & Parsa Mehr (2018). In the normative aspect, the findings of Heidari et al, (2021) confirm the factors of social norms, values and beliefs of the present study in the normative dimension. Based on the findings of this research, it is suggested that managers in the practical field try to take steps to implement the policies of Iran's specialized trading company with greater convergence among institutions. By supporting the commercial company, the government should provide the necessary financial resources and infrastructure for its success.

Various economic, social, and environmental crises, as well as the new phenomenon of the rapid spread of the deadly disease, Coronavirus, in the world have increased the need to pay attention to smart cities. The purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions and components of the smart city based on the assumptions of new public service and to explain the current state of operationalizing the smart city, and its obstacles in Bandar Abbas. This research is applied and conducted using a mixed-method research methodology in two qualitative and quantitative stages. In the first stage, employing the content analysis methodology, a model for smart city in Bandar Abbas Municipality was designed according to the theory of new public service. In the second stage, using SPSS software for analyzing the questionnaires distributed, the smart status of Bandar Abbas was evaluated. The findings of the qualitative stage show that the realization of a smart city requires the creation of ICT infrastructure, participation of human and social capital, integrated urban management as well as urban management based on the assumptions of the New Public Service. Analysis of data at the quantitative stage indicates that the city of Bandar Abbas is in an unfavorable situation in all technical, human, and institutional aspects of a smart city. Moreover, the lack of human and institutional infrastructures, above the other factors, creates obstacles and limitation in the path of smartening the city of Bandar Abbas.

Developing innovation in high-tech businesses can reduce crude sales and increase foreign exchange earnings by processing valuable petroleum raw materials into high-tech industries. Thus, in order to develop these industries, the government institution needs to develop innovation in them in order not only to increase the efficiency of the conversion industries, but also to increase productivity while being present in international markets. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of government institutions in developing innovation of high-tech businesses to participate in international markets. This research is considered as an applied research in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the study included managers and experts of industrial and innovation departments in the Program and Budget Organization, Ministry of Silence and experts of knowledge-based companies in the field of high-tech using random sampling method and Cochran's formula of 187 people were selected. The research tool is two questionnaires that include an open questionnaire for interviewing 17 experts from the industry and in the analysis section of the Likert scale questionnaire. The results show that the government institution with a statistical coefficient of T 18.24 has a direct and significant relationship with the development of innovation in high-tech businesses to enter international markets. Therefore, attention to the provision of infrastructure and executive behavior of government institutions is increasingly considered in the present century to develop innovation of high-tech businesses to participate in international markets.

In this article, the research examines the effect of knowledge-based economy growth index on the growth of institutional and economic regime (ease of business) on Islamic countries (using the panel model). They are a large part of the Muslim population. Based on the availability of information from the study countries, including; Azerbaijan, Jordan, Uzbekistan, Indonesia, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Tunisia, Sudan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Egypt, India. The scope of the research is from 2009 to 2019. To collect the required statistics and quantitative information, statistical tables and global databases and the International Monetary Fund have been used, and the structural self-regression panel economics model has been used. Using Fisher test and Johansen co-integration test, static and long-run relationships of variables were examined. It was shown that all variables are at zero level and based on the results of effect statistics and maximum eigenvalue, there are five long-term relationships at 0.95 level between variables. Then, using shock analysis and analysis of variance, it was shown that the growth of knowledge-based economy index affects the growth of institutional and economic regime (ease of business) in Islamic countries.

This study sought to express the characteristics of Iranian governmental organizations. Properties are used to control corruption in governmental organizations in IRAN. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to elaborate the pattern of governmental organizations with emphasis on controlling corruption. To illustrate the appropriate model, the GTM research approach and emerging approach, which are qualitative methods, were used. The essential and binding basis of the GTM is the use of expert opinions, those with successful experience in this field. Thus, based on interviews with 22 managers of governmental organizations in IRAN who had successful experience in controlling corruption in their organization, the research continued and finally, using the steps outlined in the emerging approach, the research pattern was formed. The themes of the research to illustrate the model include transparency, formalization, ethical organizational culture, organizational evaluation and control, human resource management, leadership, teamwork and stakeholder management. But as Glaser puts it, without presenting a specific graphical pattern, only a set of words can be referenced, each of which can be a guide to the actual code and does not create effective value. However, the family of links or the so-called six theses became the perfect template for integrating the themes expressed and finally explaining the emerging graphical pattern of the research.

Ethics is the most important religious discussions. To build a society based on Islamic and ethics values is essential to penetrate the moral all levels of the society. One of the most important issues in modern organizations management is institutionalizing ethics in organizations. This study is done to identify factors influencing the institutionalization of organizational ethics in organizations. For this purpose, the literature review were used and then using interpretive structural modeling for defining relationships between affecting factors institutionalizing ethics in organizations. The results show that the model includes seven factors: culture, code of ethics, selective system, educational system, performance evaluation system, management support and individual's psychological contract. Create a code of ethics have a fundamental role because of high driving power and low dependency. After that, selective system, educational system, management support and individual's psychological contract to be high driving power of other factors and are also less dependent on other factors. The performance evaluation system is the third level and culture is located at the fourth level because of having lowest driving power and highest dependency.

Today, the crucial role of human resources in the developmentof countries is evident. In this regard, women play an important role in changing rural situation and are considered as an unknown source to help flourish rural economy. Utilizing the abilities and potentials of women needs an accurate and scientific recognition of their activities and recognition of the facilities and conditions. Accordingly, the present study seeks to investigate the effect of educational, institutional and organizational factors on rural women entrepreneurship in Hamedan Province. This research has been carried out on the basis of descriptive and correlational method and the data have been collected through questionnaires. The statistical population of study consisted of 117 rural women entrepreneurs in Hamedan Province. The Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient is 0.83. The research findings indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between the rural women's benefit of educational opportunities, the rural women's access to institutional-organizational factors and the level of their entrepreneurship. The results of multiple regression indicate that the two independent variables explain 35.5 percent of the variations of dependent variables.