جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "scale-up" در نشریات گروه "مدیریت"

1- Studies show that high-growth firms play a vital role in increasing the number of jobs, improving productivity, and creating new products. Accordingly, firm growth has been the focus of entrepreneurship, strategic management, and economics researchers in recent years. However, although a lot of research has been done on the factors affecting the growth of these firms in developed economies, our knowledge of emerging economies is scattered and little. Firms operating in emerging economies face unique challenges such as institutional gaps, lack of infrastructure, and political instability. Therefore, it seems that the theories developed regarding firm growth in developed economies are not suitable for explaining this phenomenon in the context of emerging markets. In addition, since studies conducted in emerging markets have dealt with firm growth through different lenses, including institutional, resource-based, and network approaches, this has led to the dispersion of existing knowledge in this field. According to this, A comprehensive framework for identifying factors affecting the growth of firms in these markets has not yet been provided. Therefore, it seems that the analysis and synthesis of existing knowledge in the field of firm growth in emerging markets will provide researchers with the possibility of a better understanding of this phenomenon.
 
2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
In general, firm growth is a multifaceted concept defined differently by scholars. Previous studies in the field of factors affecting the growth of firms have also examined this phenomenon from different aspects. A group of researchers has focused on market-oriented strategies emphasizing the importance of understanding and identifying customers' needs and preferences and competitors' activities to achieve competitive advantage. Another group of researchers, by adopting a resource-based perspective, emphasizes the role of valuable, rare, inimitable, and irreplaceable resources in gaining competitive advantage and growth. However, institutional theory is a more recent perspective to approach firm growth. This viewpoint points out that, in addition to the firm's strategy and resources, institutions determine the extent of its growth. Finally, the most recent perspective on firm growth comes from the network theory, which has been emphasized especially in the context of firms' growth in emerging markets. This theory highlights the importance of relationships and social capital in facilitating the growth of firms.
 
3- This research is a fundamental study concerning purpose, and regarding the data collection method, it is a meta-synthesis study. By comparing and combining the qualitative findings of previous research, meta-synthesis can help advance theories, resolve conflicts within a field, and identify future directions for research. The current research has utilized Sandelowski and Barroso's meta-synthesis model. This approach provides a systematic review of qualitative research findings and allows the researcher to interpret existing findings through a 7-step systematic process. According to the main research question in the first step, to collect research data, keywords and phrases related to firm growth in emerging economies were identified. Then, to systematically review and find the sources, the desired keywords were searched in the title, abstract, and keywords in the three subject categories of management and business, economics, and social sciences in the scientific databases of Web of Science and Scopus. Finally, after removing unrelated articles, 104 articles related to the research question were obtained, and in this way, the qualitative findings of these articles were used for the final analysis.
 
4- RESULTS & Regarding growth in emerging markets, the research findings indicated that organizational characteristics, managerial characteristics, resources, strategy, and environment are the five components of firm growth. Also, The research findings show that in the context of these economies, in addition to technical and market capabilities, firms should have organizational capabilities such as agility, organizational resilience, and political capabilities to protect themselves against environmental uncertainty. Moreover, it was determined that the firms' political capital is a multi-purpose concept, providing access to financial and physical resources in line with the firm's growth. Identifying the formal and informal market sectors in emerging economies, the findings also recommend the firms develop appropriate strategies for these sectors.
 
5- CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS
Previous studies regarding the factors affecting the growth of firms in emerging economies have addressed this phenomenon with different approaches, which has led to the dispersion of existing knowledge. This research was conducted to fill this theoretical gap and identify the factors affecting the growth of firms in emerging markets. The research results emphasize the market-political ambidexterity strategy, having complementary market and non-market strategies, and enhancing the team's professional characteristics. Also, according to these results, future research is suggested to identify the mechanisms of isolation of competitive advantage in emerging economies, identify non-market complementary strategies, investigate the effect of political capital as a multi-purpose capital on the growth of firms, and identify various strategies that firms use for the formal and informal sectors.

Knowing the processes of Transition from Start-up to Scale-up and removing the obstacles in front of it will determine the success or failure of the Start-up. Therefore, the current research was carried out with the aim of conceptualizing the interpretive structural of Transition barriers from Start-ups to Scale-ups.
This study is practical in terms of its objective and, given its nature, falls into the category of mixed (qualitative-quantitative) research, based on sequential-exploratory design, and data collection through descriptive and field-documentary research. The study population includes all key informants, such as entrepreneurship faculty members with relevant resumes and backgrounds, start-up owners in the transitional and existing scale-up stages, mentors, experts, and planners of relevant organizations in the start-up ecosystem of the country. In this study, three methods of inductive content analysis, Interpretive Structural Modeling, and degree of penetration and dependence analysis were used.
The results led to the identification of 12 obstacles for the Transition from Start-ups to Scale-ups, which were classified into 7 levels after analysis. Also, their level of influence and degree of dependence were determined in a range of independent, linked, and dependent influence.
Barriers to transition from startups to scale-ups in order of levels, including weaknesses in environmental analysis and continuous scanning, weakness in determining appropriate goals and strategies, weakness in reviewing and developing marketing plans, team problems and weaknesses in founder leadership and management, weakness in enhancing the value proposition, weakness in establishing and shaping the structure, weakness in normative and cultural capital within the team, weakness in creating appropriate financial capabilities and reducing costs, weakness in team learning processes and empowerment, weakness in appropriate infrastructure, processes and technologies, weakness in the preparedness of individuals' mental blocks for change, and weakness in selecting the appropriate time for scaling up. The current research has identified and analyzed a set of barriers to the Transition from Start-ups to Scale-ups, which can act as a guide with a step-by-step approach to increase the percentage of successful Transition. Also, the findings of this study can provide appropriate achievements and solutions for policymakers, planners, managers, and stakeholders in the Iranian start-up ecosystem.

Due to the complexity of the processes, analyzing the performance of the systems and examining the change in the scale of operations to improve productivity is a significant aspect. Therefore, in this research, a two-stage directional network data envelopment analysis approach is proposed to estimate the overall efficiency and the performance of each stage of two-stage processes, while undesirable outputs are produced in addition to desirable outputs. The proposed technology is based on the properties of the weak disposability of undesirable outputs and variable returns to scale. In addition, after presenting the response function, methods are proposed to calculate the right and left scale elasticities of overall efficient two-stage processes. In order to investigate the validity of the proposed method, a data set from 78 branches of the Iranian bank is used and their efficiency and scale elasticity are examined. The results show that the introduced method is useful and widely applicable to analyze the performance and scale of two-stage network systems in the presence of undesirable outputs.

 Design and validation of a scale to measure and position administrative seats in the political-professional spectrum.

The present study has been done with the deductive-inductive approach in two stages. In the qualitative stage, by referring to the theoretical foundations and conducting structured interviews with experts, scale items have been identified. In the quantitative stage, using face and content validity and Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest methods, the designed scale was validated.

 After reviewing the literature and conducting interviews and making corrections suggested by the experts, the initial questionnaire was prepared with 72 items. In the face validity review, five items were removed. After calculating the CVI, four items were removed, and after calculating the CVR, another six items were removed, and thus, the final questionnaire was adjusted with 61 items in 10 dimensions.

Lack of local field research on the subject of study in order to use their findings in the research.Practical Consequences: Using the introduced scale, it is possible to determine the type of seats in the Iran administrative organizations, and based on the obtained results, rewrite the descriptions of the political and professional job description to each seat. The consequences of this work are to prevent significant changes in administrative positions after each election and the establishment of a program-based system instead of a person-centered one, and, as a result, the realization of the goals set out in the high-level documents.Innovation or value of the Article: Providing operational indicators to determine the professional or political positions in the public administrative system.

The purpose of this research is to design an organizational agility scale for public organizations. The statistical population includes employees of Khuzestan Province Tax Administration. To design the scale, six factors with 25 items were originally designed using the literature and background of previous studies inspired by the A.T Kearny Institute model. These factors include: organizational leadership, organizational change, e-government, performance management, customer service and organizational culture. The designed questionnaire was provided to experts familiar with organizational agility. Data were analyzed by One-way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) and seven items from the first 25 items were eliminated. In the next step, a modified questionnaire was distributed among 180 individuals who were selected by random sampling method and based on the sampling formula from a limited population. To identify the final factors, the data of this stage was analyzed through exploratory factor analysis. Finally, four factors were identified: performance management, customer-oriented organizational culture, organizational change-based innovation and organizational leadership. All items were classified into four factors due to their lack of loading factor on more than one factor and the final scale was developed.

Performing the concurrent analysis of organizational, departmental and individual scales alongside macro and micro levels of abstraction in temporal, spatial and event-driven contexts may significantly clarify the concept of learning, and develops the opportunities for effective policy making accordingly. It would also help to improve the performance indicators of the system and its involved agents globally. Due to Ignorance of aforementioned concurrent analysis, the relationship between organizational learning and learning in lower scales has been ambiguous, and monitoring the effect of organizational learning on organization performance indicators has been neglected. Hence, whether organizational learning is an effective factor in the amplitude of organization competitive advantages or not has remained a serious question yet. However, a potential solution to this question has got conceivable through the multi-method system modeling perspective. Design and analysis of integrated multi-scale learning in organizations are now possible through hybrid modeling and simulation and the extended methodology presented in this research along with the related architecture. The outcome is a plain platform which embraces lucid modeling of complex abstract concepts including learning in organizations comprehensively. Future case studies may be required to further confirm the applicability of this methodology and underpin its administrative value.

Instagram contests are an important tool in improving the interactions between brands and consumers. This paper conceptualizes and defines the consumers’ engagement with Instagram contests. In addition, a 12-item scale for measuring the aforementioned construct is developed. This scale is developed and validated in three phases of studies. This paper conclude that consumers’ engagement with Instagram contests is a second-order construct comprising three dimensions (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement). All in all, the results support the reliability, content validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the developed scale. Conceptualization and developing a scale for measuring consumer engagement with Instagram contests lay the foundations for future empirical studies and facilitates the knowledge development about Instagram contests. Marketers can also use this scale as an instrument for evaluation of their Instagram contests.

The present study is conducted to represent a scale for measuring the wise leadership in Mazandaran executive agencies. Method of the research, in terms of purpose, is a descriptive-analytical method. In this study, statistical population consists of the employees of Mazandaran executive agencies. On the basis of Cochran's formula, 248 employees are selected as a sample. Study is conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the model's dimensions and components recognized by means of literature review and interview with experts through purposive sampling method. Eventually, on the basis of experts' opinions, 10 dimensions and 46 items extracted to design the model. In the second stage, the validated factor analysis and the questionnaire were used to validate the recognized components. Research results based on structural equations showed that all items as constructs are validated in the wise leadership; i.e. the value of Average Value Extracted (AVE) for all items were more than 0.50. Also, the final model is supported by fit indices (RMSEA=0.073; RMR=0.015; NFI=0.99, and GFI=0.95). The average level of the wise leadership and its qualities in the statistical sample was more than the considered average. Nowadays, many leaders use knowledge improperly, and are unable to develop and foster its better types. It must be noted that the present situation request for the wise leaders who transform the knowledge to wisdom through dynamic organizational processes, and foster the wisdom in others.

This paper links two branches of Knowledge-based entrepreneurship (Academic & Corporate entrepreneurship) by employing the widely-used construct of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) from corporate entrepreneurship literature, to indentify the favorable strategic posture for entrepreneurial activities within Public Research & Technology Institutions (RTIs) in Energy Sector of Iran, and to investigate its effect of their performance indices. Due to context-dependent nature of EO construct, an exploratory sequential research design was utilized to first develop a new EO measurement scale in public RTIs and then, investigate its effect on performance indices of 15 research centers within these RTIs from universalistic and contingency perspectives (moderating effect of environmental and internal factors). The results indicated that the Entrepreneurial Orientation of research centers has a positive and substantial effect on their financial performance which is being moderated by environmental factors in a way that EO has the strongest relationship with financial performance under unfavorable environmental conditions.

Although economic and managerial literature is replete with studies that probe about productivity but only a few studies decompose it to its components (technological changes، managerial efficiency changes and scale efficiency changes) and analysis their share in productivity changes (positively or negatively). Accordingly، this article attempts to explain the issue by decompose productivity to its factors in non-metallic minerals industry as one of the main industry in Iran in 2 and 4 digit industrial code. Using the data envelopment analysis and Malmquist index and Panel Data Model، the results of this paper indicate that impact of productivity components on its changes strongly depends on the level of the industry level. In term of policy، the findings show that for productivity growth in industry sector necessarily a same strategy is not acceptable and each industry base on their structure needs different changes for approving their productivity.