جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « tolerance of ambiguity » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

Tolerance of ambiguity is one of the important competencies of leaders that plays a significant role in the effectiveness of their decisions in ambiguous conditions. This study aimed at identifying the situational factors affecting the competency of leaders' ambiguity tolerance, developing a comprehensive model of these factors, and also provide solutions to improve this competency based on these factors. The statistical population of this study, which is conducted using qualitative research of thematic analysis, comprised academic and executive experts of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum who were experienced in decision-making and management in ambiguities. Sampling of this study was done purposefully by snowball method. The data were collected through interviews with 19 experts and analyzed via three-step coding process and thematic network analysis. The reliability of the research was also confirmed via calculation of the kappa coefficient. The findings were given to three academic experts and were approved. The situational factors affecting the leaders' ambiguity tolerance were categorized into two comrehenstive themes of internal organizational factors (job characteristics and organizational characteristics) and external organizational factors (industry characteristics, cultural factors, and social factors). The findings of this study showed that internal and external organizational factors affect the leaders' ambiguity tolerance.

The research aimed to explore the role of psychological hardiness as a mediating variable on job burnout in the presence of the independent variables of health anxiety, work-family conflict, and tolerance of ambiguity in a sample of 502 employees in the headquarters of the Iranian Offshore Oil Company in Tehran, Iran. Data were analyzed by structural equation analysis in the AMOS24 software package. They were collected with Kobasa’s (1988) psychological hardiness questionnaire, Maslach’s (1981) job burnout inventory, Salkovskis and Warwick’s (2002) health anxiety inventory, Carlson et al.’s (2000) work-family conflict questionnaire, and McLain’s (1998) tolerance of ambiguity questionnaire. The results showed that except for the variable of the tolerance of ambiguity, the variables of health anxiety and work-family conflict directly affect job burnout in the presence of the mediating variable of psychological hardiness with coefficients of 0.340 and 0.316, respectively.

Ambiguity Tolerance is mentioned as one of the strategic leaders’ competencies that plays a significant role in the effectiveness of their decisions in ambiguous situations.The aim of this study was to identify the individual factors affecting the leaders' ambiguity tolerance, design a comprehensive model of these factors and provide solutions to develop this competency on identified factors. In order to obtain more evidence to understand the phenomenon, a qualitative approach was taken and data were collected through interviews with nineteen experts. The statistical population of study includes academic experts and executive experts of the Ministry of Petroleum who have experience in management and decision making in ambiguous situations. Sampling of research has been done purposefully. Attride stirling method was used for coding and Themes network analysis method for data analysis. After analyzing the data, the individual factors affecting the leaders' ambiguity tolerance were categorized into six comprehensive themes : demographic characteristics, personality traits, competencies, motivations and needs, perceptions and emotions. Findings showed that demographic characteristics including general and occupational characteristics, personality traits including extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, emotional stability, being intuitive, locus of control, risk-taking and patience, competencies including knowledge, skills, abilities and experience, motivations and needs including respect and self-fulfillment, perceptions including perceptions of ambiguity, job, organization and life and emotions including emotions in the face of ambiguity and general emotions as individual factors interacting with each other are effective at the level of leaders' ambiguity tolerance and can use them to develop this leadership competency.

This paper aims to investigate this important issue from the perspective of the effect of psychological variables such as health anxiety, family-work conflict and tolerance of ambiguity on burnout in a sampel of 502 statistical population of headquarters staff of the Iranian Offshore Oil Company in Tehran. Structural equation modeling was used to analysis using AMOS24 software.The sampe method was available using data and data were collected with Maslack’s (1981) standard occupational burnout questionnaire, Cubasa’s (1988) psychological stiffness, health anxiety  (2002), Carlson et al.’s (2000) work conflict assessment (2000), and McLean’s (1998) ambiguity tolerance assessment. The results show that except for the tolerance of ambiguity, the other two variables affect the rate of burnout with a directly coefficient of 0.244 and 0.227. Data analysis also showed that the model has been fitted.

The aim of this study was to compare the level of ambiguity tolerance among accounting and management students.
This study is a descriptive survey. McDonald (1970) ambiguity tolerance Inventory was used to collect data. The statistical community of the research included accounting and management students in graduate and PhD level. The sample measure was 398 and research hypotheses were tested by MANOVAtest.
The results of the study indicated no significant difference between accounting and management students in the tolerance of ambiguity,. The results also showed gender, age, work experience and education level had no effect on student's tolerance of ambiguity.
The results suggest that students during their school years should aim to increase the strength of confronting the problems and to know how Pairing with ambiguous situations should receive appropriate training. In this regard universities have the most important role

The paper studies the impact of emotions control and tolerance for ambiguity on wise decision making. The population of the research was employees of Isfahan university, which 150 employees were selected as samples. To collect data from the field, 30-item questionnaire was used. According to basic conceptual model 7 hypotheses were developed to examine the relationship between variables mutually. In order to test the hypotheses, LISREL program and Path Analysis Model (PAM) were used. Nevertheless results using LISREL program indicated that emotions control and tolerance for ambiguity had a significant and positive effect on wise decision making. Emotions control there was no significant effect on tolerance for ambiguity. Results indicated that neuroticism had a significant and negative effect on emotions control and tolerance for ambiguity, and conscientiousness had a significant and positive effect on emotions control and tolerance for ambiguity. On this basis, we can say that if people manage their own emotions and can handle ambiguous situations, is expected to take wise decisions that the interests of all parties are taken into account.

Commercialization as one of the key steps in the process of innovation development transfers the findings of research and patents to market. More importantly, several factors and components influence the process of commercialization development which are necessary to be studied and identified. Considering the importance of the subject, this descriptive- survey study is aimed to investigate components of nanotechnology commercialization in the Iranian agricultural sector. The statistical population of the study contained all the researchers who were working in 22 National Agricultural Research Institutions/ Centers (N= 275). According to the Krejcie and Morgan table, a sample size of 160 was selected using a random sampling technique (n=160). A questionnaire designed by researcher was used to collect the data. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of faculty members at the University of Tehran. A pilot study was conducted to establish the reliability of the research instrument. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the main scales of the questionnaire were at the appropriate level. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSSWin16 and LISREL8.5 software. The results showed that the importance of all six factors mentioned in the research conceptual model was verified based on the field data (good fitness of the model) and the factors including: political, financial, infrastructural, legislative, informative and educational, explaining 67.89 percent of total variances, have gained the priority from first to five in identifying and determining the components of nanotechnology commercialization in the Iranian agricultural sector.

The educational system is one of the important trends in every society in order to develop and promote individuals’ entrepreneurial skills. The purpose of this study is the contents of vocational training textbooks of middle school program based on the entrepreneurial components. The method of this study is descriptive with the content analysis type. The population includes the contents of three volumes of vocational training books of Middle school in 2011-2012. The instrument was a content analysis form consisting of 7 main components, i.e. need for achievement, risk bearing, accountability, hardworking, tolerance for ambiguity, creativity and innovation, and internal control. To confirm the validity and formal and content reliability of the study, the views of experts in educational planning and specialists of entrepreneurship were used. Reliability is calculated by using the Holsti reliability formula. The data from content analysis were analyzed through descriptive statistics, frequency, and frequency percentage. The results showed that the highest frequency dealt with innovation and creativity, and the lowest frequency referred to the component of tolerance for ambiguity in the first, second and third grades of middle schools.

The goal of this paper is to address the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics of staff and human resource productivity. Several topics are presented for characteristics of staff and human resource productivity. The research method is a field study and data was gathered by questionnaires. Statistical society consists 466 staffs in Tehran Fallat Gharreh Oil Co. and sample size is 170 employees. Spearman Correlation Coefficient and Freedman Grading Test Methods were used. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. The results show that there is a significant relationship between componens of risk-taking, locus of internal control, succsess achievement, and tolerance of ambiguity, with human resource productivity. But, there is no significant relationship between creativity and human resource productivity.