جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « tolerance of ambiguity » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of an educational package of math lessons based on Gardner's multiple intelligences on the components of academic well-being and tolerance of ambiguity in female students. The research utilized a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. Participants included female students in the second year of elementary school in Tehran during the academic year 2021-2022. They were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (20 people each) and a control group (20 people). The experimental group received training through a math package based on Gardner's multiple intelligences for 8 sessions of 30 minutes, while the control group received traditional training. Data collection tools included academic well-being questionnaires (AWQ, Badri-Gargari et al., 2018) and ambiguity tolerance questionnaires (MSTAT-II, McLean, 1993). The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Findings, after controlling for the pre-test effect, revealed a significant difference at the 0.05 level between the mean post-test scores for behavioral, mental, and social well-being, as well as tolerance of ambiguity in the two experimental and control groups. Based on the results, it can be concluded that utilizing Gardner's multiple intelligences in the form of educational packages is effective in enhancing psychological variables such as tolerance of ambiguity and academic well-being in students.

Tolerance of ambiguity is one of the important competencies of leaders that plays a significant role in the effectiveness of their decisions in ambiguous conditions. This study aimed at identifying the situational factors affecting the competency of leaders' ambiguity tolerance, developing a comprehensive model of these factors, and also provide solutions to improve this competency based on these factors. The statistical population of this study, which is conducted using qualitative research of thematic analysis, comprised academic and executive experts of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum who were experienced in decision-making and management in ambiguities. Sampling of this study was done purposefully by snowball method. The data were collected through interviews with 19 experts and analyzed via three-step coding process and thematic network analysis. The reliability of the research was also confirmed via calculation of the kappa coefficient. The findings were given to three academic experts and were approved. The situational factors affecting the leaders' ambiguity tolerance were categorized into two comrehenstive themes of internal organizational factors (job characteristics and organizational characteristics) and external organizational factors (industry characteristics, cultural factors, and social factors). The findings of this study showed that internal and external organizational factors affect the leaders' ambiguity tolerance.

Military retired personnels need to pay close attention to factors related to mental health, including happiness, according to the job they have had. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to prediction of happiness in military retired personnels based on tolerance of ambiguity and spiritual well-being. The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all the military retired personnels of Mashhad and Tehran in 2020-2021. The sample size was estimated to be 384 people based on Krejcie and Morgan's table for communities with a large population, but for more certainty, 400 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling from among the military retired personnels of Mashhad and Tehran. The measurement tools were the McLean tolerance of ambiguity type 2 Questionnaire (2009), the Karami spiritual well-being Scale (2022), and the Oxford happiness Questionnaire (1989). Data were collected using questionnaires using descriptive index and the Pearson correlation coefficient and the stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that tolerance of ambiguity and spiritual well-being have a significant positive relationship with happiness in military retired personnels (P<0.01). The results of the regression analysis showed that among the predictor variables of happiness in military retired personnels, spiritual well-being and then tolerance of ambiguity were significant predictors (P<0.01). These results indicate that spiritual well-being and tolerance of ambiguity can be important factors in happiness of military retired personnels.

The purpose of this work is to look into the impact of the need for closure and cognition on the degree of working memory in Tehran high school students, with the role of attitudes toward learning and ambiguity tolerance as mediating factors. To this end, 385 subjects consisting of 155 girls and 230 boys were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling to complete the questionnaires on working memory (Nejati, 2013), the need for cognition (Cachiupo, 1996), the need for closure (De Baker & Krausson, 2008), attitude toward learning (Eiken, 1979) and ambiguity tolerance (McLean, 1993). The study was descriptive, and a correlation design was given in light of investigating the relationships between the variables using a causal model of route analysis. The results revealed that the need for cognition has an indirect effect on working memory through the mediation of the attitude to learning and ambiguity tolerance. Furthermore, the need for closure has an indirect influence on working memory by the mediation of attitude toward learning and ambiguity tolerance. Similarly, the need for cognition has a significant effect on working memory, whereas the need for closure has no such impact. Additionally, the need for cognition has a significant effect on attitude toward learning and ambiguity tolerance, whereas the need for closure has no significant effect on attitude toward learning and ambiguity tolerance. The findings were explored in depth in the conclusion section.

The research aimed to explore the role of psychological hardiness as a mediating variable on job burnout in the presence of the independent variables of health anxiety, work-family conflict, and tolerance of ambiguity in a sample of 502 employees in the headquarters of the Iranian Offshore Oil Company in Tehran, Iran. Data were analyzed by structural equation analysis in the AMOS24 software package. They were collected with Kobasa’s (1988) psychological hardiness questionnaire, Maslach’s (1981) job burnout inventory, Salkovskis and Warwick’s (2002) health anxiety inventory, Carlson et al.’s (2000) work-family conflict questionnaire, and McLain’s (1998) tolerance of ambiguity questionnaire. The results showed that except for the variable of the tolerance of ambiguity, the variables of health anxiety and work-family conflict directly affect job burnout in the presence of the mediating variable of psychological hardiness with coefficients of 0.340 and 0.316, respectively.

Ambiguity Tolerance is mentioned as one of the strategic leaders’ competencies that plays a significant role in the effectiveness of their decisions in ambiguous situations.The aim of this study was to identify the individual factors affecting the leaders' ambiguity tolerance, design a comprehensive model of these factors and provide solutions to develop this competency on identified factors. In order to obtain more evidence to understand the phenomenon, a qualitative approach was taken and data were collected through interviews with nineteen experts. The statistical population of study includes academic experts and executive experts of the Ministry of Petroleum who have experience in management and decision making in ambiguous situations. Sampling of research has been done purposefully. Attride stirling method was used for coding and Themes network analysis method for data analysis. After analyzing the data, the individual factors affecting the leaders' ambiguity tolerance were categorized into six comprehensive themes : demographic characteristics, personality traits, competencies, motivations and needs, perceptions and emotions. Findings showed that demographic characteristics including general and occupational characteristics, personality traits including extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, emotional stability, being intuitive, locus of control, risk-taking and patience, competencies including knowledge, skills, abilities and experience, motivations and needs including respect and self-fulfillment, perceptions including perceptions of ambiguity, job, organization and life and emotions including emotions in the face of ambiguity and general emotions as individual factors interacting with each other are effective at the level of leaders' ambiguity tolerance and can use them to develop this leadership competency.

Strengthening the dimensions of spirituality and religious orientation is one of the most important internal criteria against people's problems. Psychological resilience is an approach that shows the ability of a person to deal with unexpected and harmful events according to the general conditions of living and working environment. Flexibility allows a person to change the way he or she learns whenever he or she needs to.

The statistical population of the present study is  the martyrs’ wives of Alborz province. In this study, 451 people between the ages of 20 to 60 years were selected as the sample size. Data analysis was performed using 23-SPSS and 23-AMOS software. Pearson correlation test and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data.

According to the data analysis in terms of mean external religious orientation (P = 0.016, F = 4.23), internal religious orientation (P = 0.001, F = 8.35), resilience ( P = 0.001, F = 19.90) and psychological flexibility (P = 0.001, F = 109.69) There is a significant difference between the spouses of martyrs with different levels of metacognition.

Religious orientation along with metacognition and tolerance of ambiguity can be a prerequisite for resilience, resilience helps to improve post-traumatic growth.

This paper aims to investigate this important issue from the perspective of the effect of psychological variables such as health anxiety, family-work conflict and tolerance of ambiguity on burnout in a sampel of 502 statistical population of headquarters staff of the Iranian Offshore Oil Company in Tehran. Structural equation modeling was used to analysis using AMOS24 software.The sampe method was available using data and data were collected with Maslack’s (1981) standard occupational burnout questionnaire, Cubasa’s (1988) psychological stiffness, health anxiety  (2002), Carlson et al.’s (2000) work conflict assessment (2000), and McLean’s (1998) ambiguity tolerance assessment. The results show that except for the tolerance of ambiguity, the other two variables affect the rate of burnout with a directly coefficient of 0.244 and 0.227. Data analysis also showed that the model has been fitted.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of obsession and intolerance of ambiguity in predicting coronary anxiety based on metacognitive beliefs in the prevalence of Covid-19 virus.

The present study was a descriptive correlation (path analysis). The statistical population of the study included all men and women who completed the questionnaires online. The statistical sample size was determined based on Morgan table equal to 330 people, which was done by available sampling method and online questionnaire. The instruments used in this study were Maudsley (1977) obsessive-compulsive disorder questionnaire, McLain ambiguity tolerance questionnaire (1993), Wells Metacognitive Beliefs (1997), and Alipour et al. (2000) coronavirus anxiety questionnaire. To analyze the research data, the path analysis method was used, which was performed using Lisrel 8.8 software.

The results of path analysis showed that in the hypothetical model, all indicators had a good fit and the model was approved. Path coefficients also showed that only the direct path of positive beliefs to tolerance of ambiguity and obsession was not significant and the other paths of metacognitive beliefs to obsession and tolerance of ambiguity as well as the path of obsession and ambiguity of tolerance to coronary anxiety were significant.

Therefore, metacognitive beliefs, mediated by obsession and intolerance of ambiguity, predict the degree of coronary anxiety during the outbreak of Covid 19.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Sternberg successful intelligence training program on increasing students' creativity and tolerance of ambiguity.

The research method was an experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of 15842 fourth grade male students in the academic year 2020-2021 in the city of Isfahan, that 30 people were selected by multi-stage random sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (n= 15) and control (n= 15) groups. The experimental group received ten sessions of Sternberg Success Intelligence Program training. Data were collected through Torrance Creative Thinking Test Form B (2002) and McLean Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire (1993) and were analyzed by mixed analysis of variance.

The results showed that Sternberg successful intelligence program was effective in increasing students' creativity and ambiguity tolerance in the post-test phase and this effect remained stable in the follow-up phase.

Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the training of Sternberg successful intelligence program by providing an opportunity to enrich the educational environment of students by using methods such as problem solving, games Unstructured, unusual use of objects, conversation of numbers and semi-finished storytelling can be used as an effective program to increase students' creativity and ambiguity tolerance.

The present study aimed to develop a structural model of life satisfaction based on emotional regulation, problem-solving skills, and tolerance of ambiguity (TA) mediated by personality traits of couples.

The research method was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population consisted of all couples who visited counseling centers 2 and 5 in Tehran in 2018. Among them, 380 individuals were selected by convenience sampling. The life satisfaction questionnaire by Diner et al. (1985), cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire by Garnfsky et al. (2001), Hepner''s problem-solving questionnaire (1982), tolerance of ambiguity questionnaire by McLain (1993), and the five-factor NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI) by McCrae and Costa (1985) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using structural equations, SPSS22, and AMOS24.

The results indicated a direct significant effects of emotional regulation (P=0.01, β=0.40), problem-solving skills (P=0.01, β=0.32), Tolerance of ambiguity (P=0.01, β=0.22), and personality traits- neuroticism (P=0.01, β=0.22), extraversion (P=0.01, β=0.23), openness to experience (P=0.01, β=0.19), agreeableness (P=0.01, β=0.22), and conscientiousness (P=0.01, β=0.27) on life satisfaction. There was also a significant relationship between emotional regulation, problem-solving skills, and tolerance of ambiguity with life satisfaction mediated by personality traits (P=0.01).

Personality traits play a mediating role in the relationship between emotional regulation, problem-solving skills, and increasing tolerance of ambiguity. Life satisfaction can increase by teaching problem-solving skills and emotional regulation.

The purpose of this study is to predict teachers' burnout based on their tolerance of ambiguity and self-compassion. This research is applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of method. The statistical population includes high school teachers in Shahrekord who were teaching in the academic year of 1399-1400. One hundred teachers were selected via random cluster sampling as the research sample. To collect data, burnout questionnaire (Maslach, 1981), self-compassion (Neff, 2003) and ambiguity tolerance questionnaire (McLean, 1993) were used. The content and face validity of all three questionnaires were confirmed by experts in the relevant field. Cronbach's alpha test was used to estimate the reliability of the instruments; The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated to be 0.70, 0.73 and 0.60, respectively. The results of multiple-regression (significance level of .05) showed that it is possible to predict the participants’ burnout based on the variables of tolerance of ambiguity and self-compassion. There is also a significant negative relationship between jobs burnout and the other variables (p <0.05). Therefore, the higher the compassion for oneself or tolerance of ambiguity, the lower the rate of burnout among the teachers. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that schools officials and counselors help to increase the level of tolerance of ambiguity and self-compassion as a way to reduce job burnout among teachers.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between subjective well-being, meta-cognitive skills and tolerance of ambiguity with creativity in Ahwaz Azad University students. This research is descriptive and correlated. The statistical population of this study was all students of Ahwaz Azad University. Samples are randomly categorized among them. The specimen was determined using the Morgan table. Then, through Abedi's inventory questionnaire (1993), a researcher-made questionnaire on cognitive and meta-cognitive skills (Arjomand, (2010), Kayez Subjective Welfare Questionnaire and Magharmo (2003), McLane II Questionnaire (MSTAT-II) McLane (1993) Were studied. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between mental well-being, metacognitive skills and tolerance of ambiguity with creativity in students. Also, the results of regression showed that the prediction of student criminality on the variables of mental well-being, metacognitive skills and tolerance of significant ambiguity. 

The aim of this work is to present a model of predictors of job self-efficacy for sports science graduates. 360 people selected as the sample answered the questions of the 3 questionnaires of internal factors, external factors, and job-search self-efficacy. The results obtained show that the internal and external factors affect the job-search self-efficacy.

Employment challenges and the issue of unemployment are not only one of the most important social issues in the country today but also by considering the rate of population growth in the last two decades, it can be considered as the most important social challenge in the next few decades. The immediate consequences of this crisis are the spread of poverty and the increase in the other social and cultural harms, which naturally endanger the social stability and cohesion.

The research method was descriptive-correlational and applied in terms of purpose. The sample consisted of 360 people, who were selected by the simple random sampling. The measurement tool was a three-item 28-item questionnaire of internal factors that included the components of self-esteem Chang et al. (2018), tolerance of ambiguity Hazn et al. (2012), control source Kesavayuth et al. (2018), and self-presentation Hart et al. (2017). Twelve questions in the questionnaire of the external factors of Gnyawali Fogel (1994) consisted of the four components of government policies and procedures, socioeconomic conditions, financial assistance, nonfinancial assistance, and a questionnaire was on the ten questions of job-search self-efficacy of Salehi (2005). The content validity was confirmed by sixteen professors of the sports management. Also, the values of reliability, divergent, and convergent validity of the questionnaires were estimated. The results obtained were analyzed using the structural equations.

The results obtained showed that most of the subjects were women and had a master degree, and most of them were between 26 and 30 years old. Also, the value of the coefficient of determination of the self-efficacy structure was 0.755, which confirmed the suitability of the structural model. Also, the internal factors with an effect factor of 0.489 and the external factors with an effect factor of 0.417 had an effect on the self-efficacy and job search for the sports science graduates. The issue of employment of the university graduates, especially sports graduates, is an important issue that affects many aspects of their lives. Creating employment for people is influenced by many factors, each of which in its own way can be decisive. The achievements of this work for the country's sports authorities includes providing the most important factors of economic and social support and the need to develop policies tailored to the personality traits of individuals in order to employ more graduates of the sports science. Therefore, the main officials and trustees of the country's sports, especially the officials of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, can provide more support for self-employment projects and formulate more financial and supportive laws and regulations taking into account the existing conditions and providing the necessary areas. Low-interest loans and elimination of cumbersome laws can provide the ground for the employment of more and more sports science graduates.

Leukemia is one of the most common cancers, with high prevalence and has many psychological and social consequences for the patient and various factors contribute to its formation and exacerbation. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the personality profile, tolerance for ambiguity and religious coping in patients with leukemia and healthy people.

The method of this study was casual-comparison. The statistical population included all patients with leukemia who were admitted to Valiasr, Shams, Shahriar and Shahid Ghazi hospitals in Tabriz. The sample consisted of two groups of 50 patients and their caregivers who were selected by available sampling method. In terms of age, sex and educational levels, they were matched together. Neo-PI (Mccrae and costa, 1985), tolerance for ambiguity (McLin, 1993) and religious coping (Pargament, 2000) scales were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).

The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between personality profile, tolerance of ambiguity and religious coping among people with leukemia and healthy people.The results showed that patients with leukemia had higher scores than healthy people in neuroticism,lower tolerance for ambiguity, negativere ligious coping, and also healthy subjects in the variables of extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness, Positive religious coping scores and high tolerance for ambiguity were higher than those with leukemia (P<0/01).

According to the results of the present research, it can be concluded that some personality traits and adaptive and maladaptive religious copings can affect the symptoms of the disease and its effective coping and help clinicians to develop therapeutic interventions to helpt these patients more effectively

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of personality characteristics on the job-search self-efficacy of graduates of sports science.The study is descriptive-correlation and applied in terms of the method and aims,respectively.The study was done in the form of field source and the statistical population of the study included graduates of sports sciences out of whom 360 individuals were chosen through random sampling as statistical sample.Measurement tool included five standard questionnaires,self-esteem Chang et al(2018),tolerance of ambiguity Hazn et al(2012),control source Kesavayuth et al(2018)and self-presentation Hart et al(2017)and a job-search self-efficacy of Salehi(2005).For translation validity,progressive-regressive translation validity method was used.Pictorial and thematic validity was also confirmed by16sports management professors.In addition,the progressive and regressive reliability and validity of the questionnaire was deemed appropriate.Results analysis was done through structural equations or by means of PLS and SPSS.The results showed that the value of determination coefficient for the internal structure of job search self-efficacy is0.830,which shows the appropriate processing of structural model. In addition, five factors of self-esteem (0.472), tolerance of ambiguity (0.123), Locus of Control (0.125), and self-representation (0.347) on the job-search self-efficacy graduates of the field of sport sciences have an impact. In general, the achievement of this study for sports officials is the necessity of developing policies tailored to personality characteristics for the further employment of graduates in the field of sports science. On the other hand, graduates of the field of sport sciences can provide the context for their further employment by considering their personal abilities and characteristics.