جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « usefulness » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

The use of artificial intelligence algorithms in public sectors is increasingly expanding. At the same time, there are still concerns about the social responsibility of using intelligent agents, such as transparency, accountability and fairness in governmental and academic communities. Based on this, the purpose of this research is to develop a theorical model that includes the requirements for the design of explainable artificial intelligence systems in Human-Artificial Intelligence interaction for decision making. The most important issue is understanding how the system reaches a decision by users, which can be investigated. Because as much as human decision-makers are expected to provide explanations (explain) about their decisions, artificial intelligence systems can also be asked to explain proposed solutions. In turn, this topic provides prescriptive knowledge for system designers to create new insights for users by considering the linkage of user information with various sources through the use of artifacts. Therefore, the scope of this research is the enhancement of intelligence in which artificial intelligence models provide recommendations for human users. According to these cases, the research’s goel is to identify the descriptive and prescriptive knowledge required for designing a class of recommender systems based on human-artificial intelligence interaction. To achieve this goal, it is borrowed from the theory of ability to specify the relationships between the extracted categories. Finally, it is discussed how these requirements are used in design cycles.

A Mixed methods research designs: Action design rsearch and Fuzzy delphi method and interpretive structural modeling approach used to develop and evaluate the design principles of that. We follow the design research developed by Mlarki et al. The General Department of Revision of Laws and Regulations in the Legal Department of the Judiciary has been selected as the context of research. The participants of this research are professionals from the General Department of Revision of Laws and Regulations and the Information Technology Center, who together with researchers (supervisors and students) constitute the research team, which is a total of 15 people. Using the triangulation technique, data have been collected from different sources. And data analysis was done in two steps: in the first step, by continuous refining the concepts, the extracted components were aggregated in theoretical dimensions. Also, a data structure was created by combining concepts, components and dimensions. In the second step, the research lens was used to develop the theory.

The research develops a framework that conceptualizes the characteristics of explainable artificial intelligence systems that include of understanding capability, governance capability, persuasion capability, predictive (descriptive) accuracy, transparency and usefulness.  These characteristics classified in two dimensions. The affordance dimension includes the ability to understand, the ability to rule, and the ability to persuade. The actualization dimension includes the features of accuracy of prediction, transparency and usefulness. In addition, the model can explain the mechanism of enhancing intelligence in human-artificial intelligence interaction. Therefore, we proposed following propositions in designing explainable artificial intelligence system for humans -artificial intelligence interaction:1) understanding capability of intelligent agent in the human - artificial intelligence interaction lead to intelligence reinforcing; 2) governance capability of intelligent agent in the human - artificial intelligence interaction lead to intelligence reinforcing; 3) persuasion capability of intelligent agent in the human - artificial intelligence interaction lead to intelligence reinforcing; 4) transparency of intelligent agent in the human - artificial intelligence interaction lead to intelligence reinforcing; and 5) the accuracy of prediction of intelligent agent in the human - artificial intelligence interaction lead to intelligence reinforcing. Finally, from the indiscernibility aspect, the findings of this research emphasize the explainable algorithmic activities and increase the understanding and persuasiveness abilities of users through the feature of algorithmic transparency. Since it is difficult to assess indiscernibility. In other words, algorithm-based decision-making process is understandable for some and not understandable for others. The design requirements of this research are a practical guide for clarifying the algorithmic activity in policy-making according to the user understanding and the purpose of use of artificial intelligence.

We argued that users and artifacts create an affordance in each other that lead to learning. Accordingly, the following can be considered as the theoretical contribution of this research. First, through developing a theoretical model, we established the mechanism of designing systems based on human-artificial intelligence interaction. In addition, from a human-oriented perspective, we identify the characteristics that users need to enhance intelligence which are: capability of understanding, capability of governance, and capability of persuasion; Second, it provides knowledge about the solution space. In other words, the intelligent agent actualized the user's affordance through the accuracy of prediction and transparency; Next, we provide sets of requirements for the implementation of human-artificial intelligence systems. These set of requirements in a theoretical model, constitute a guide for the artificial systems design principles in organizations, which has been the main concern of prior research; and finally, we showed that the design of Human-Artificial Intelligence (AI) interaction systems for decision making is not only technical, but also technical, social and organizational elements are intertwined in different cycles, which correspond to three related and interdependent aspects of AI management, i.e. automation, learning, indiscernibility: In terms of automation, the findings of this research showed that the policy-making functions cannot be coded. As a result, AI automation is constraining and AI should be tools to augmentation. In other hand, augmentation can be automated, so augmentation can become automatic over time. Accordingly, artificial intelligence tools can automate policy-making processes through the features of transparency and predictive accuracy that needed for policy maker's affordance, i.e. the ability to understand, the ability to rule, and the ability to persuade. In terms of learning, the findings of this research have emphasized the capacity of machine learning algorithms for semantic search to increase the accuracy of artificial intelligence prediction.

Since dealing with the scientific authority from a fundamental point of view is a necessity and has received little attention, this research tries to find a mechanism for the realization of scientific authority by referring to the roots of the formation of authority in science and by going through the history of the evolution of science with reference to alternative philosophical attitudes. By choosing a holistic view, this research has tried to achieve comprehensiveness presentation of how authority is formed in science by applying three methods of analysis, synthesis and synthetic. Applying the method of analyzing and scrutinizing scientific-philosophical documents is the first step, synthesizing the findings from the analysis and basing them on fundamental principles based on the synthetic method is the next step in the method. Application of these three methods, which in a way shows the benefits of inductive methodology along with realism in analysis and analogical a priori in synthetics, can be a reliable method in humanities research due to the integration of methods and lack of one-sidedness, although it is often neglected .By applying the analysis method, while identifying the truth of knowledge in its apparent meaning by referring to scientific documents, it was discovered the truth in its essence and in itself by referring to philosophical documents. Two approaches, each of which has pointed to a facet of the multifaceted prism of understanding this phenomenon. By applying the blending method, it is possible to unify two opposing approaches, and in the last step, by applying the synthetic method and relying on the foundations and principles, it will be possible to achieve scientific authority by going through the four stages of scientific thinking. The findings in this scientific process show that authority in humanities will not be possible unless the following requirements are fulfilled: The first requirement: going beyond experience and the scientific method based on it - although it is accepted in natural sciences - the second: relying on previous knowledge as the only valid knowledge of the universal type; Third: Going through the correct stages of scientific thinking in the human sciences in order to realize universal knowledge, knowledge whose foundation is based on the principles of necessity and certainty and accepted unconditionally; Fourth: Education and training of outstanding people in the position of neutral Spectators and philosophers. Spectators who impartially judge the performance of actors in the scientific field and measure the credibility of scientific achievements; Philosophers whose main concern is to reach the truth and point out the deviation from principles in science; Fifth, including three criteria and criteria to measure the validity of scientifically produced knowledge, including "originality", "Exemplarity" and "being useful and effective for solving the problems in the country" and sixth: changing the conventional teaching method to a method based On discussion and interaction based on critical thinking in scientific centers he result of this research showed that although the predominance of empiricism in the human sciences as a limited attitude towards the thousand-year period of the Dark Age caused objectivity to be authoritative and based on cause and effect relationships and governing laws, but the efforts of philosophers such as Kant in The path of attaining the truth in itself drew attention to the meta dimension and beyond the perceptible of the phenomena and made man aware of the huge reserves hidden in his existence, capacities, genius and potential talents so that if Kant would not have achieved these human truths and He did not point out the reliance on inspiration and intuition as a huge source of creating alternative works, the attitude of empiricism that governs everything is based on cause and effect relationships, and the Idea of science was never realized. Therefore, it should be accepted that the alternative approach in scientific authority in the field of human sciences is to place the basis of authority on people Creations that humans are the cause of and are not pre-existing and clear. A human being was created creatively according to his nature and existence, and this is the elixir of freedom associated with his creation, which makes possible the manifestation of enormous existential capacities and countless genius, talent and capability.

The increasing growth of information and communication technologies, to put forward states the opportunity to fundamental changes in its structure, to improve areas for providing better services to citizens .Effectiveness of Information and Communication Technology from the fact that today these technologies, has the power to eliminate the time and place distance and therefore multiply the efficiency of government. To achieve the potential benefits of e-government consideration of its acceptance by the employees is necessary.
In this paper, the impact of e-government attitude toward the use of factors of trust, ease and usefulness of e-government in the State Tax Organization investigated. The study population for all operational staff State Tax Organization in the process of identifying, defining and collection of taxes across the country are working and the sample included an unprecedented number of 465 people was randomly selected. Data analysis using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling was conducted.
The results show that the variables of trust; ease and profitable use of e-government through the impact on the tax affairs staff to use e-government attitude has a positive effect and is statistically significant.
Also confirmed the direct effect of trust and ease use of e-government; the reception of e-government by the staff.

The thesis's abstract (includes, precise goals, methods of performance and gained conclusions): This inquiry has been paid on identification of the effective factors on adoption of electronic government services from the point of citizen's view with a survey on the government counter offices in the city of Tehran. The model of research in this inquiry examines the pattern of relation between independent variables (perception of usefulness, perception from ease of use, perception of quality of services, computer self-efficacy and accessibility) middle variables(Attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, and dependent variable (intention to use). Statistical population includes Citizens who apply for services to government counter offices. A random sample of 352 citizens have participated in research and completed the questionnaire. Perceived behavioral control, attitude and mental norms toward electronic government services has a positive effect on intention to use it. Computer self-efficacy represents the meaningful relationship with perceived behavioral control. An overall conclusion suggest that electronic government policymakers should provide direct access of citizens to these services via one stop portals with broadband internet access, meanwhile, improving the quality of services in government counter offices as well.

This study has been conducted to evaluate the factors affecting the adoption of electronic banking. Regarding the aim, this study is an applied research and regarding data collection is descriptive –survey research.The population of the study is those customers of Saderat Bank who have an account in this bank and have usedelectronic banking services. Research model with a sample of 280 customers using cluster sampling method was evaluated. Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS software. The results of research show that usefulness factors, knowledge of the benefits, ease of use, security, and quality of the Internet connection are affective on the adoption of effective electronic banking.

Today, online purchasing of airline ticket experience substantial growth in Iran in which understanding customer behavior about this technology is necessary for airlines to improve marketing and sales strategies that enable them to retain and attract customers. So, the present study aimed to gain more insight into the most important factors affecting air travelers’ acceptance to use online reservation system of airline ticket. Hence, this paper is application and descriptive–correlation in terms of purpose and methodology. The statistical population includes departure passengers of Mashhad int’l airport in domestic flights of September and sample size calculated for 215 passengers. In addition the data gathered by questionnaire about conceptual model that including trust, price, perceived risk, usefulness and website quality; were analyzed using structural equation analysis and Lisrel8.8 Software. The findings indicate that the three factors namely website quality, usefulness and trust directly and perceived risk indirectly affect the willingness of online shopping. Moreover, significant effect of price on the willingness of air travelers to shop online has not been confirmed.

This study aimed to assess the factors affecting electronic banking acceptance among customers using the technology acceptance model has been made. Methods used, descriptive survey - correlation. The studies of those customers are people who have bank accounts and bank electronic banking services people have used. Research model with a sample consisting of 384 bank customers were people in Tehran and using a cluster sampling were measured. Necessary information for a questionnaire study examined the reliability of which was located, were collected. This information lifrel software environment by applying structural equation model tests and confirmatory factor analysis with proper attention to the hypotheses, were analyzed. The results show that variables Awareness electronic banking services, security, connection quality, usefulness, ease of use and reliability of electronic banking on admission were evaluated.