جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Startup » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a model to improve the performance of start-up accelerators and identify its dimensions and components. This research, in terms of its nature and method, is among mixed exploratory research and has a practical purpose. This research includes two qualitative (supercomposition and Delphi) and quantitative parts. In the qualitative part of the studied community, there were 25 Persian and Latin articles related to the improvement of performance in the accelerator, which were selected by census method with metacombination method. The statistical population in the Delphi section included 30 faculty members in the field of management and managers related to start-up accelerators. In the quantitative part, 250 samples of employees of Iranian accelerators were selected using a systematic random stratified method. Data collection was done using the researcher's questionnaire, the validity of which was obtained and confirmed by the methods of construct validity and factor loadings, as well as the calculation of Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis as well as path analysis were used using spss and smart pls software. According to the results obtained from exploratory factor analysis, 73 questionnaire items are classified into 12 main components and 61 sub-components. The results of confirmatory factor analysis show that 12 human resources components of coaching, management techniques, customer perspective, continuous improvement, support, financial relations, internal processes, business model, program ecosystem, competitors and environment are effective in improving the performance of startup accelerators.

These days, startups have attracted a lot of attention at the national and international level because countries need innovation in their businesses to create a dynamic in the economy, startups or businesses can grow and improve. Startups are usually created from big ideas and evolve to achieve success, but startups face many obstacles to success. One of the obstacles that start-ups and new businesses face is choosing a partner at each stage of the business life cycle, so doing this process is not an easy task and in this regard aspects and criteria should be considered. Identifying and analyzing the relationship between partner selection criteria can help to increase the probability of success and continue the path of startups formed in the ecosystem so that the active people in this ecosystem can make smarter decisions. One of the vital factors of partnership, sustainability and transparency are at the highest priority level and therefore more attention should be paid to these matters. To obtain a complementary, interconnected, and integrated view to examine the research topic and also to fill the existing gaps, this research seeks to do the following: The performance and scientific approach of researchers and people active in the ecosystem to express some selection criteria To be analyzed as a partner and investor in new businesses and start-ups.

Attracting talents is one of the most important actions in talent management. The purpose of this research, was to provide a framework for identifying and analyzing the factors affecting the recruitment of talents in startups. The current research is applied in terms of orientation and has a mixed nature from the methodology point of view due to the use of qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population of the research was human resources experts in startup companies. The data collection tools in this study were semi-structured interviews in the qualitative phase and questionnaires in the quantitative phase. The present research was conducted in three stages. In the qualitative phase, 13 interviews were conducted with startup experts. The interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner and the sampling method was snowball. The interviews were analyzed using the theme analysis method and MAXQDA version 2020 software. Seven overarching themes and 33 main themes were obtained. In the second stage, the main themes were screened by distribution of expert questionnaires and fuzzy Delphi method. Eight themes had a higher defuzzy number of 0.7 and were selected for final prioritization. Screened themes were analyzed by distributing priority questionnaires and Marcos method. At this stage, 10 experts participated. Based on the evaluation indicators in the Marcos method, the priority themes were: compensation for financial services, learning work environment, welfare and personal communication. Practical research proposals were presented based on the most important main themes.

The recent economic developments have led to fundamental changes in the business landscape, especially in terms of the level of competition for emerging enterprises, pushing them towards instability and failure. In response to this unstable environment, entrepreneurial businesses have evolved based on knowledge-centric ideas, seeking to address market gaps through the discovery of a replicable and scalable business model. Due to the knowledge-centric nature of these businesses, they consciously or unconsciously implement aspects of knowledge management processes, necessitating the identification and organization of their knowledge capital as a crucial first step. In this context, this study aims to explore a model for knowledge differentiation in Iranian entrepreneurial companies. The study adopts a developmental objective, an exploratory approach, interpretivism philosophy, and utilizes qualitative content analysis as its analytical strategy. The study population consists of experts in the field of knowledge management and active individuals in Iranian entrepreneurial companies. These individuals, familiar with the working conditions of these companies, expressed their opinions on the research topic through semi-structured interviews. The interview process began and continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Participants were purposefully selected using the targeted sampling method, and after conducting 10 interviews, data saturation was reached. Following the interviews, the results were implemented, and descriptive content analysis using the maxqda software was employed. After content analysis, 41 different dimensions were extracted. Upon theoretical examination, appropriate names for the extracted dimensions were selected. The researcher, relying on prior knowledge and modeling processes from similar models, categorized the dimensions into 9 main processes of knowledge differentiation. By creating a logical sequence, the researcher innovatively devised a knowledge differentiation process model for Iranian entrepreneurial companies.

A startup is any company that works to grow, commercialize, and create entirely new goods, services, or mechanisms, driven by intellectual property or new technology. Startups have a significant impact on economic development. In addition, by creating jobs and wealth through innovation and technological activities, they have made important changes in the social, economic and even political context of countries. In the current era, startups or start-up companies play a significant role in entrepreneurship. These companies have played a prominent role in the development of the knowledge-based economy and are the source of many social developments. Innovation by start-up companies is one of the ways to increase competitive advantages and is considered one of the most important strategic approaches of companies to achieve long-term success. Startups have become the driving engine of the economies of developing countries, but many of them cannot continue their activities in the long term. Twenty percent of startups are out of competition in the first year and more than half of them in the first five years. In this regard, the aim of this research is to discover the factors affecting the success of startups. This research has been done with a qualitative approach using the phenomenological method. Fourteen managers of successful startups in the two provinces of Qazvin and Zanjan were selected by using criterion-based purposive sampling (being active and profitable) and data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done with the Colaizzi’s seven-step method. First, the text of the interviews was carefully read several times. Then the meaningful statements were identified. In the next stage, the meaning of these statements was formulated and organized in the form of organizing themes (thematic clusters). Then these clusters were described and then, the description of the underlying structure of the phenomenon under study was formulated. Finally, the analysis process was completed by validating the findings by receiving the feedback from the participants. : After the data analysis, factors affecting the success of successful startups were extracted in the form of 8 organizing themes and 26 basic sub-themes. The main themes are: "systems thinking", "active foresight", "creativity and innovation", "organizational learning", "team building", "financing", "business skills", and "market-orientation".The category of system thinking includes the three basic themes of adaptability, planned growth, and inter-functional coordination. The category of active foresight consists of the four basic themes of goal-setting, self-efficacy and hard work, experience and interest in work, and risk-taking. The category of creativity and innovation includes the three basic themes of creative ideation, the use of new technologies, and the design and production of applied products. The category of organizational learning consists of the three basic themes: acceptance of change, continuous learning and knowledge sharing. The category of team building includes the three basic themes of specialization, teamwork, and responsibility and accountability. The category of financing consists of two the basic themes of attracting capital and generating income. The category of business skills includes the three basic themes of problem solving, decision making, and advertising and information. And finally, the category of market-orientation consists of the five basic themes of choosing the target market and creating differentiation, customer orientation, publicity, product development and diversification, and providing service and support. Although having a creative idea is necessary to launch a startup and it is the main challenge of many founders to start a new investment, but it alone cannot guarantee its success. On the other hand, identifying and exploiting the opportunity also plays a prominent role in the success of startups, but the use of new technologies has improved the ability to generate ideas. Formulating a suitable growth strategy, foresight, having an expert team, financial strength, marketing and learning capabilities are other key success factors of startups. It should be noted that the systemic thinking is a necessary condition and a turning point in designing the structure and patterns of startup activities to adapt to technological changes and customer needs, and to connect them with each other. With this thinking, startups can intelligently make find the necessary preparations to face the upcoming opportunities and threats wisely.

Startups around the world boast diverse workforces, and forecasts suggest that future workforces will predominantly comprise minorities, including women, immigrants, and individuals from varied ethnic and racial backgrounds. Iranian startups are similarly diverse, featuring people from an array of ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Raising capital is crucial for the growth and development of innovative startups, and the abilities of startup founders are believed to significantly influence this process. This study aims to examine the impact of ethnic diversity among Iranian startup founders on the amount of investment capital raised, specifically at the Gitex exhibition in Dubai.

This research adopts a quantitative approach, is applied in nature, and employs descriptive data collection methods. It focuses on founders of 20 startups who participated in the Innovation and Prosperity Fund call by the Presidential Scientific Institution from 2020 to 2022, examined in a census format. To categorize ethnic diversity, we utilized Shannon's index. The study then explored the impact of ethnic diversity on capital raised using the Pearson correlation method, regression analysis, and SPSS software. Control variables included the size of the startup teams at the exhibition (at Series A funding level), the age of the startup (considered from the year of establishment to up to 10 years), and the founders’ experience in startups (average years of experience before and after joining the startup, within a 0 to 15 years range).

The results reveal that the ethnic diversity of Iranian startup founders significantly influences the amount of investment capital raised, considering control variables such as the startups' age, team size, and founders' full-time experience. The regression coefficient of 0.892 between ethnic diversity and capital raised underscores the positive and significant effect of diversity. Furthermore, we found a positive and statistically significant correlation between ethnic diversity and capital raised, indicating that a one-unit increase in ethnic diversity correlates with a 14% increase in total attracted capital.

This study contributes to management and entrepreneurship literature by supporting the "diversity as an advantage" theory and challenging the "diversity as a disadvantage" perspective in the context of raising startup capital. It suggests that investors should view diversity as a beneficial factor in startups, leading to more effective investment decisions. The findings align with cognitive theory and information processing, indicating that a diverse team, with varied cognitive models, may enhance innovation and problem-solving capabilities. Additionally, the results resonate with the theory of social networks and social capital, emphasizing the resources available through a network of diverse relationships. However, the findings contradict social identity theory and its related social classification theory, which argue that ethnic diversity can heighten conflict and reduce the efficiency of information exchange, cohesion, and trust, thereby negatively impacting performance. These contradictions offer intriguing avenues for future research.

There is limited knowledge about consumer behavior, particularly their choices regarding purchasing and using products and services offered by startups in developing countries. This article aims to create a strategic model of consumer behavior in selecting enjoyable products based on factors influencing services in startups within the country. The approach taken in the article is qualitative and practical. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews, employing the database theory strategy, which includes open-centered and selective coding methods. The fundamental model of this theory was utilized to derive the model presented in the article. Snowball sampling, a targeted sampling method, was employed for participant selection to achieve theoretical saturation. The article's findings show a validated and wellfitted model comprising six primary categories or dimensions: pleasurable shopping motivations, store characteristics, individual characteristics, communication strategies, customer loyalty, and 23 sub-dimensions. The study reveals that pleasurable incentives contribute value to consumers, ultimately enhancing startup companies' marketing strategies for their products' growth and success.

There is limited knowledge about consumer behavior, particularly their choices regarding purchasing and using products and services offered by startups in developing countries. This article aims to create a strategic model of consumer behavior in selecting enjoyable products based on factors influencing services in startups within the country. The approach taken in the article is qualitative and practical. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews, employing the database theory strategy, which includes open-centered and selective coding methods. The fundamental model of this theory was utilized to derive the model presented in the article. Snowball sampling, a targeted sampling method, was employed for participant selection to achieve theoretical saturation. The article's findings show a validated and well-fitted model comprising six primary categories or dimensions: pleasurable shopping motivations, store characteristics, individual characteristics, communication strategies, customer loyalty, and 23 sub-dimensions. The study reveals that pleasurable incentives contribute value to consumers, ultimately enhancing startup companies' marketing strategies for their products' growth and success.

The purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions and explain the technology valuation strategies of Iranian startups. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and based on the method of data collection, with a qualitative research approach. The statistical population of the research included experts, policymakers, consultants and CEOs active in Iran's startup ecosystem, 10 people were selected using the purposeful sampling and available method, and it was also analyzed using the interview content analysis method. Based on the findings of the study, 7 subcategories were identified in the main category of strategies. These sub-categories include the development and promotion of the technology valuation discourse, the transformation of existing knowledge in the field of technology into desirable and valuable knowledge, leadership and idea management, comprehensive technology evaluation system, culture building, regulation and regulation in the technology market, and the localization of technology valuation. Therefore, these strategies, while paying attention to Iran's environmental and cultural issues, can help the development and progress of Iranian startups in the technology valuation process and play an important role in the country's economic development.

The purpose of this research is to compile a model of digital marketing strategies in successful Iranian startups. According to its purpose, the research method is practical, and in terms of its implementation, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part includes 13 academic and executive experts in the field of startups in the country, who were selected using the purposeful judgment method and the snowball method, and the statistical population in the quantitative part includes the marketing unit of active successful startups. There are 250 people in the country (5 companies) and marketing professors of 5 top universities in Tehran, and the statistical sample was 148 people, 180 distributed and 163 analytical questionnaires were selected using Morgan's table. A semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire taken from the qualitative section were used to collect information. In the qualitative part, the data theory method of the foundation was used, and the data obtained from the interviews were coded and analyzed in the three main stages of open coding, central coding, and selective coding, and in the quantitative part, the factor analysis of the indicators was done. The results of the qualitative part indicated that 241 primary codes, 46 central codes and 14 selective codes were identified and extracted. The results of the research showed that the causal conditions with 4 variables of network capability, use of artificial intelligence, marketing capability and customer knowledge have an effect on digital marketing strategies, and the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fit indices of the model were confirmed.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the lives of growing startups. Considering the important role of these businesses in developing countries, the present study aims to provide a model for increasing the resilience of startups in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic by using the thematic analysis method.

This is a descriptive survey study using qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first stage, by studying the literature, the factors shaping organizational resilience were identified. Then, by conducting unstructured interviews with experts in the field of startups and the university professors, the final factors affecting organizational resilience were summarized, and the initial study model was designed using the thematic analysis method. In the next stage, a researcher-made questionnaire of organizational resilience was designed and distributed among the employees of startups in Guilan Province, who were selected using a convenience sampling method. After collecting the questionnaires, the data from 238 complete questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation modeling in SmartPLS3 software. 

The findings show that according to the intensity of the coefficients of the research model, the characteristics of the organization (0.526), ​​the characteristics of the leader (0.433), the characteristics of the team (0.298) and the characteristics of the employees (0.244), are the most important Factors affecting the resilience of startups. These results help stakeholders and researchers to gain a more appropriate understanding of the resilience of startups.

The results of this study can help stakeholders and researchers in Iran gain a more appropriate understanding of the resilience of startups.

The aim of the present research is to compile digital marketing strategies model in Iranian successful startups. The research method is qualitative. Using the grounded theory approach, the codes were identified and subsequently, the axial and selective codes of the research concept were classified. Thirteen interviews with the university experts and CEOs of the startups were done using Judgmental Sampling and Snowball Sampling methods. The research data were collected and the theoretical saturation process started with interview 11. The research findings identified 241 initial codes, 46 axial codes, and 14 selective codes. The selective codes included network capability, use of artificial intelligence, marketing capability, customer knowledge, field of activity organizational, cultural, and structural, ability, value creation for the customer, and value creation for the company, social, individual, organizational and technological values. Based on the research results, causal conditions with 4 variables of network capability, use of artificial intelligence, marketing capability, and customer knowledge affect digital marketing strategies. The digital marketing models in successful Iranian startups was formulated and presented by determining the contextual and intervening conditions, and determining the outcomes and strategies for improvement of strategies.

 In the new age and due to the advancement of technology and increasing changes in the business world, Startup businesses an important role in the economy of any country. This role has led entrepreneurs and business elites to think of new ways to grow and increase sales of these startups. One of the most flexible and agile business models is startups, which researchers refer to as the engines of the national economy. Startups are fast and flexible, have less bureaucracy, and have more motivation to succeed than large corporations. Startups are the beating heart of any economy. In developing countries, the commercial success of these start-ups is an important issue. But despite their continued contribution to economic growth, these companies face many problems, including resource constraints. The high failure rate of startups has led to a waste of resources and capital, so that the failure rate in the early stages of startups is much higher and has put them at high risk. Another limitation is that startups do not have high financial resources and capital, so to survive and succeed in competitive markets, they must use methods that achieve the highest results at a low cost and can attract customers. The growth of startups is significantly associated with economic development at the industrial, national and regional levels through the exploitation of new jobs and job opportunities. But much of the effort of entrepreneurs and innovators to start a business fails, with 9 out of 10 startups failing. Therefore, startups must look for strategies that respond to these limitations. One of these strategies is growth hacking, which is an ambitious attempt to grow the business as one of the most powerful solutions for companies with minimal financial resources. Startups are now using new and powerful methods called growth hacking to achieve maximum growth with astronomical growth at the lowest financial cost. In fact, growth hacking is a marketing strategy that uses analytical thinking and social metrics to expand the technology of startups. Therefore, according to what has been said, the main question of the present study is what is the implementation pattern of growth hacking strategy for startups? In addition, another point that raises the issue of research is the existence of a theoretical vacuum on the subject of growth hacking pattern for startups. Therefore, this study was conducted to design a model for implementing growth hacking strategy for startups. The method of research is mixed of qualitative and quantitative but is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data nature and method. The statistical population of this research consists of university faculties in the field of marketing and market management as well as sales and marketing managers of startup co. participating in the research.Therefore, the statistical sample of the study was considered among the members of the community using the snowball sampling method and based on the principle of theoretical adequacy of 41 people. In the qualitative part of the data collection tool, the interview is semi-structured, part of which was conducted in person and the other part by telephone with the sample members. To evaluate the validity and reliability of data collection tools in the qualitative part, the content method and theoretical validity and reliability within the intermediary encoder were used, which showed the confirmation of these two indicators. Also, the data collection tool is in the quantitative part of the questionnaire, which was given to the experts in person and by email. Validity and reliability of data collection tools in the quantitative part of content validity and reliability of the retest showed that the validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed. In this research, coding method and Atlas.ti software were used to analyze the data in the qualitative part. For quantitative analysis, interpretive structural modeling method has been used. Also, regarding the startup companies cooperating in the present study, it is necessary to explain that 30 startup companies in Lorestan province have participated in this research. Among the sales and marketing managers of startup companies, 30 of these managers have One person from each company participated in this study. The results of this research include presenting the implementation model of growth hacking in four stages of emergence of growth hacking thinking and philosophy, creating grounds for growth hacking, formulating growth hacking strategies and its consequences. The results show that the most important hacking strategies are SEO strategy, digital and electronic marketing, influencer marketing and gamification. The research results include identifying the components related to the implementation of growth hacking strategy and determining the leveling of these factors. The most important components related to the implementation of growth hacking strategy are: SEO strategy, motivating customers to engage with the brand, analytical and creative thinking, persuading and attracting customers, digital and electronic marketing, profitability improvement, statistical skills, coding analysis and programming Critical thinking, influencer marketing and content production for cyberspace, marketing intelligence, increasing market share, customer oriented market thinking, growth mindset, gamification, strengthening the company's competitive position, data analysis and market data-based decision making. After the components related to the implementation of the growth hacking strategy were identified, the structural matrix and internal relationships of the variables were formed. Then the initial matrix was determined and its internal consistency was established. Then, by interpretive structural modeling, the level and priority of variables were determined, and finally, after leveling and determining the relationships, the final model was drawn according to the adapted achievement matrix. In the present study, the implementation of growth hacking strategy is done in four stages: the consequences of growth hacking, growth hacking strategies, areas of growth hacking and thinking and philosophy of growth hacking.

The purpose of this research is to present the ecosystem model of startups in the field of medical services. This research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The investigated community is the services of five startups in the field of medicine. After defining the topic and conducting initial exploratory and library studies, the factors and components were determined through theme analysis and by a researcher-made questionnaire that reached the opinion of academic and professional experts familiar with the topic (including 3 university professors and 7 experts) and after Obtaining their qualitative and quantitative corrective opinions (using the Delphi method) based on statistical methods related to the ultimate proportional analysis of the model, components and combination of factors has reached the consensus of the elites. In the qualitative part, maxqda software was used for thematic analysis, and in the quantitative part, smart pls software was used for factor analysis. This research was based on the number of 267 primary codes, of which 30 open codes and 9 central codes were formed. The findings of the research showed that (financial, cultural, political, education, market structure, human capital, networks, technology, support) has a significant impact on the ecosystem of startups. The results showed that bio ecosystem components have a better understanding of the use of bio ecosystem startups among startups in the medical field, which can lead to more optimal use of it among them. Using the introduced model helps the startups to identify the components of the startup ecosystem and understand their strengths and weaknesses in the relevant fields and also be more efficient in the competitive environment.

Startups are usually built around innovative ideas, and mentors serve as watchdogs and entrepreneurs in the creation and growth of startups. The purpose of this research was to design a mentoring model for the development of startups in food industry. The research method was mixed employing sequential-exploratory design, grand-theoretical method and applied-developmental goal. Through purposeful theoretical sampling, in the qualitative section, 15 academic experts in the field of entrepreneurship management and food industry were selected. In the quantitative section, using stratified random sampling, 384 entrepreneurs, mentors and students active in food industry startups were recruited who answered a researcher-made questionnaire. The qualitative analysis was performed with five rounds of interviews to reach saturation and theoretical consensus for open, axial and selective coding of mentoring model categories in food industry startups, the quantitative analysis of which was performed with Smart pls (2) statistical software. The paradigm pattern of research was established in 4 axes, 29 categories, 193 items and 6 constructs including: causal conditions, central phenomena, strategies, contextual conditions, intervening conditions and consequences. The relationship between causal condition structures and central phenomenon, central phenomenon and strategies, contextual conditions and strategies, intervening conditions and strategies and strategies and consequencies of mentoring development was found to be positive and significant (T ≤ 2.58), and research model fit was assessed as strong (GOF = 0.682). Therefore, it can be concluded that the managers and policymakers of the country's food industry can benefit from the consequences of mentoring development in the startups of the country's food industry by implementing the antecedents of the research model and implementing its strategies.

The purpose of this research is to investigate innovative strategies on the motivation and growth of employee communication. The method of conducting this research is causal-comparative and the statistical population includes 300 employees of startups who have participated in training courses on innovative strategies. The sample size was estimated to be 110 people using Cochran's formula using simple random sampling. Another 110 people were selected from employees who did not participate in innovative strategies training courses. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and parametric t test for independent groups by SPSS statistical software. The results show that there is a significant difference between the growth rate of the communication of the sample group and the growth rate of the control group. Also, there is a significant difference between the level of motivation of the sample group and the level of motivation of the control group. Therefore, it can be concluded that holding training courses on innovative strategies has increased the growth rate of communication and motivation of the employees participating in these courses. Therefore, it is suggested to continue training courses on innovative strategies.

The digital economy has created new opportunities to create startups and new models based on information technology, but not all startups created, especially in the field of electronic commerce, have been successful and have a high failure rate. As a result, the aim of this research is providing a feasibility model based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for e-commerce startups in order to help reduce the failure of these startups by identifying the factors and components affecting success. The current research is an applied research in terms of purpose and a survey in terms of data collection. the statistical population of the research is related to the active startups in the field of e-commerce in East Azerbaijan province from 2021 till 2022. the method of research in identifying the factors and indicators uses the content validity ratio (CVR) based on the opinions of experts. in order to predict the success rate of startups using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, a fuzzy system has been designed and trained. also, in order to generalize the system, the designed system has been validated.The output of the research is an intelligent system and the results of the feasibility study carried out by the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system indicate the correctness of the system's efficacy and its reliability in supporting the decisions made in order to create new e-commerce startups.

The present study seeks to answer the fundamental question of how an entrepreneurial business uses marketing as a tool for development in a situation where there is no market for it yet or when it is in various stages of growth. To take. The research approach is qualitative and is exploratory in terms of nature and applied in terms of purpose. In this research, phenomenological research strategy has been used and the data collection tool has been in-depth interview. The statistical population of this study is Iranian entrepreneurs active in the field of electronic startups until the end of September 1400 and purposive sampling method has been used. A total of 8 in-depth phenomenological interviews were conducted and data collected. Finally, 51 categories have been identified and categorized in the form of 5 main themes. According to the results of the present study, the set of activities that entrepreneurs perform in each stage of their business life in the face of the market will be different. The above differences can be seen in how market opportunities are discovered, marketing goals, available resources, target market selection and marketing mix composition. The result is that entrepreneurs in the face of the market and even earlier when deciding on their product or service to introduce to the market according to their knowledge, assets and abilities.