جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « جرایم اقتصادی » در نشریات گروه « میان رشته ای »

The main challenge in economic crimes in Iran's criminal law is that they are not independent and original crimes, but in fact, economic crimes are the same as general crimes with two characteristics of instance and amount, and the legislature has identified economic crimes; Therefore, it is important to identify economic crimes from general crimes, so it is important to be able to determine with what characteristics a general and financial crime such as fraud is considered an economic crime; Therefore, in order to identify economic crimes and distinguish them from other crimes, in this article, from the two criteria of the element of loss and the largeness of the loss, according to the exemplary rule and the amount determined by the legislator in paragraph b, article 109 of the Islamic Penal Code and the note of article 36 of the Marqum Law. , we have taken advantage of it and first redefined the economic crime with a strategic approach and then recognized this crime from similar crimes and in the next step, the element of loss in economic crimes was analyzed and some practical examples of this crime were evaluated and finally, funds Its distinction with corruption has been investigated.

Today, with the growth of technology and expansion of electronic banking equipment and services, the use of banking services has become very simple. The existence of this space has created an opportunity for financial crimes despite some social advantages. In the present study, we are going to present novel and efficient strategies in order to prevent skimming attacks by collecting information from the Fata Police of Hamadan Province as well as collecting various methods available and the methods used in this type of attacks and considering the existing infrastructure in the banking system, existing information and communication technology, and the prevailing sanctions that have made access to some technologies difficult. In this research, according to the studies, a practical and applicable design in the form of codes in Java space was presented as an applicable software for mobile phones in order to use NFC technology which can play an important role significantly in controlling and reducing skimming crimes, reducing the cost of issuing bank cards by banks, and reducing all kinds of risks and attacks by thieves.

Economic delinquency as an emerging criminal phenomenon is one of the major challenges in human societies. The nature of the criminal behaviors of economic offenders and its hypocrisy, along with low visibility, wide range of risks and the perpetrator having special information with the black figure of delinquency, make public methods and institutions in the detection stage be not efficient; therefore, differentiating the stage of discovery in criminal proceedings related to economic crimes is an unavoidable necessity. The present study, which has been written with the aim of evaluating the institutions and differential methods of detecting economic crimes in the criminal justice system, is qualitative and to explain the findings, it is analytical-descriptive. In order to answer the research questions, first, different institutions of the criminal justice system have been identified in the detection of economic crimes and then differential methods related to the detection of economic crime and the position of each in the Iranian criminal justice system are examined. According to the findings of the study, Iran’s criminal justice policy is trying to establish a global system between the detection and prosecution of crimes in the realm of economic delinquency by distancing itself from the common criminal law system, which considers the prosecutor’s office to be responsible for crime detection, and by delegating various powers to the executive branch and other public service bodies as well as by applying participatory criminal policy in different sectors of society. The Iranian criminal justice system, despite the application of general criteria for detection of economic crimes, under the influence of international documents, in some cases, has provided different institutions of the criminal justice system with specific methods of crime detection. However, not all effective methods related to the detection of economic crime have been systematically and comprehensively considered by the legislator.

White-collar crimes alongside economic losses has consequences that are far more damaging, including the weakening of social trust and the deterioration of national security.  Hence this research focused on economic security and thus on national security.

A descriptive-analytical study was carried out using library resources. First, all the books, articles and works of all scholars who commented on white collar crime were studied. In addition to the crime, the aforementioned works had important debates in the social, political and security fields. But for the purposes of the main research questions and questions, we extracted texts that were, in terms of meanings and themes, related to the security implications of white collar crimes. We then compared the extracted texts with each other to provide a rational connection between them.

The economic corruption caused by white collar delinquency directly affects national security. It is one of the key indicators of national security. As a result, national security is weakened.

The origin and evolution of the organization called ‘police’, during Iran’s  history, direct attentions to the serious responsibility of this multi-dimensional  multi-functional force. Police was initially founded to manage urban  and rural areas and to guard ports. Throughout the history, it took on  various religious, political, military, and paramilitary aspects. Nowadays  police bears a wide variety of responsibilities, the extent of which is indefinite.  In Islamic societies, there had been figures assigned as ‘Mohtassib’  and ‘Shorteh’. Their responsibilities were similar to the responsibilities of  police in other countries. In pre-Islamic Iran, police was a disciplined influential  force adopting different names throughout history. The formation  of the first modern police, the establishment of ‘Jandarmeri-e Khazaneh’  (collecting tax and duty under the supervision of treasurer) coincided with  the formation of the Government Gendarmerie. Police’s responsibilities,  in a general classification, can be summarized as the formation, protection,  and promotion of order, security, and welfare. All of these are materialized  in the event that objective contexts are prepared and illegal activities  are countered, after due consideration. Furthermore, police is the general  bailiff of the judiciary system. It is authorized to act against all crimes. Its duties and authority are not limited to certain crimes. It is, in fact, an heir to  the Islamic system of ‘Hasbeh.’ This paper does not intend to show that police’s  responsibilities in the Islamic Republic of Iran are beyond the norms.  However, new responsibilities must be defined for police regarding the  country’s economy, its planned smart management during the increasing  foreign pressures, executive inefficiency and corruption in domestic areas,  and the Leader’s emphasis on the implementation of Resistance Economy.  The history of police in Iran and its legal functions show its high capacity.