جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تحقیق وتوسعه » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

This study seeks to explain the effect of corruption on innovation in current scientific sources and conceptualizes the components and aspects of the effects of corruption on innovation for future research in this field.In this research, a meta-Synthesis method with qualitative content analysis strategy was used in the research-documentary framework, and by applying systematic review and qualitative meta-Synthesis approach, the results and findings of previous researchers were analyzed, and a conceptual model of the effects of corruption on innovation was presented.Based on the coding, the effective factors in the direction of the effects of corruption on innovation were analyzed and categorized into 44 main categories and 2 core codes. The positive consequences of corruption on innovation include 23 factors and its negative consequences include 21 factors. The results show that corruption in countries affects innovation and economic growth. The direction of these effects is sometimes positive and negative, but in the long run, this effect is negative.

Organizations that choose the open innovation paradigm for the development of their new products need to use leverage strategies of high diversity in research and development, the key of which is the common platform, in order to increase the productivity of research and development. In this article, using the qualitative method and theorizing strategy through case study and data analysis with the help of foundation data theorizing, exploratively by studying four relatively successful common platforms and through semi-structured interviews and Analyzing the data, the theoretical model of increasing the productivity of research and development based on the strategy of common platforms in the space of open innovation was formulated. In this article, first of all, by studying the waves mentioned in the common platform literature, it was determined that in the open innovation space, it is necessary for research and development organizations to go from the first and second wave of product platforms and supply chain to the product development strategy. To move towards the third and fourth new waves of industrial and multi-directional platforms based on innovation. Secondly, the effective factors for increasing the productivity of research and development based on this approach were formulated in the form of a scientific model.

Government-funded universities play a central role in national research and development (R&D). However, due to the government's budget constraints, the optimal allocation of public resources has become very important. In this study, a decision support framework was developed for the optimal and robust allocation of the R&D budget to maximize the direct and uncertain outputs of R&D activities in universities. The experiments were designed in two phases. In the first phase, without considering the uncertainty of R&D outputs of universities, the optimal budget allocation was determined according to three scenarios for each university. By changing the model parameters (robustness cost control parameter and output uncertainty control parameter), the optimal budget allocation plan in uncertain and robust conditions was calculated for 12 scenarios. The analysis of data using descriptive statistics methods and the comparison of results showed that in the current situation, there was no clear correlation between R&D outputs and the R&D budget allocated to the universities, and the budget allocation process was very volatile and lacked a clear increasing or decreasing pattern. While the R&D budget that was calculated in a robust optimal way showed a logical and proportional trend to the R&D activities’ output. Also, the optimal model distributed the total available budget for the universities in such a way as to achieve the maximum performance in the total budget ceiling. Implementing the model for 5 universities in 6 consecutive years improved the output from a minimum of 2 to a maximum of 6% and saved the allocated budget from 0.1 to 1.1%.

This study aims to identify the requirements and challenges of measuring R&D expenditure in Iran and proposing policy recommendations to address those challenges. For this purpose, first, desk research was conducted to identify the requirements and assess the current situation of measuring and reporting of R&D expenditure in Iran. Then, with the help of the survey, using semi-constructed interviews with experts of the most important relevant agencies, the challenges of measuring R&D expenditure were identified. The sampling method in this study is non-random target sampling. Analysis of the findings shows that the most important challenges are: lack of a national for R&D definition, lack of transparency in defining R&D budget in the government sector, lack of R&D survey for small businesses and non-profit organizations, the multiplicity of measuring and reporting agencies, lack of the participation of R&D performers in surveys, and the weakness of the statistical system of R&D. Given the existing legal backing and receiving expert opinions through the panel, policy solutions to address the above challenges have also been proposed; those are, approving a national guide for defining R&D, increasing the transparency of R&D activities in annual budget act, appointing the body in charge of surveying and measuring R&D expenditure, and establishing and managing an STI information system.

In new developed world, the effect of critical parameter on companies improving has considered properly. one of important subject in companies owner view's is R&D cost. in current critical situation of country and our economic life considering to priorities of economical unit’s is very Necessary. According to this subject we are see in the improved countries R&d is one of most important subject’s that has intentioned .unfortunately in our country this subject has Not considered properly and many industries didnt enter in this important Category as much as need. According to primary view we can guess that the relation between parameter of this paper is exist .however doing the scientific action by Governance organization as trade, mine and industry organization and declaring result to the industrial units can be the better way to maturate the industries owner. in this paper the kerman province Superior companies evaluation based on information from,2014 based on 2013 data's .the relation between R&D cost and primer profit has evaluated. Hypothesis test showed the Meaningful relation between R&D cost and companies profitability.

According to the new theories of economic growth and international economy, improving institutional factors can reduce transaction costs and increase the competitive power and expand the export through the creation of a competitive environment and market institutions. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of institutional factors (governance) and the selected components of knowledge-Based Economy (research and development spending, ICT and human capital) and price variable (exchange rate) on exports of emerging economies during the period 1996-2013. The results of the study which Estimated by panel data, show a significant positive effect of good governance on exports emerging economies. The knowledge components (accumulation of domestic R&D, ICT accumulation and human capital accumulation, the cost of training as a successor) have a significantly positive effect on export development in emerging economies. Price variable shows a positive and significant effect on exports to emerging economies. Thus, it can be stated that the new components are generated determining role in export development in emerging economies.

This Article evaluates the impacts of knowledge-based economy factors on total factor productivity selected OIC countries by using panel data approach and GLS method during 1996-2009. The results indicate that the ratio of accumulation of education costs to GDP in selected OIC countries; have a negative impact on TFP that is due to lack of demand-driven human capital. But the ratio of accumulation of domestic R&D capital stock to GDP (because of supply-driven internal R&D activities) and the ratio of accumulation of foreign R&D capital stock to GDP have a very small impact on TFP. But the ratio of ICT capital stock to GDP have the significant positive impact on TFP in selected OIC Countries.