جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « دارا » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Arab-Sassanidcoins were minted after the conquest of Iran by Muslims in the style of Sassanidcoins with a Kufic border margin. Most of the coins of the Arab conquerors were silver, but next to them, a large number of copper coins have been found, which often have a great variety of designs. In a few copper coins, there is the name of the mint, the year of coinage, and the name of the ruler. Sometimes in the coins, we come across letters that have not been mentioned in historical texts. These letters make it difficult to identify many copper coins. The subject of the present study was to examine 3 types of Arab-Sassanid copper coins which had the phrase Abād/Azād Bišāpur with a hybrid image on the reverse. As these three coins had no date, this research aimed to answer these questions: is it possible to set a time limit for them considering the chronology of the coins minted in Bišāpur? Does the phrase of the reverse have a special meaning? Or does it just indicate the name of the mint? And is the right word of the obverse the name of the ruler of the area?

Due to his destructive role Alexander is remembered as an evil and ominous figure in older Persian sources. But, due to the influence of the Greek mythology and culture, recent sources have provided his figure with an aura of greatness and virtue. Scholars well know that Alexander is not given a positive picture in Shahnameh, although they mention two evidences from the text which do not go with this total picture, namely his description as a brother to Darius III, and his being the subject of a long episode in Shahnameh, the latter being regarded as the sign of the high value put on him by Ferdowsi. In this article, we will use the structuralism approach to prove that the claimed brotherhood of Alexander and Darius III is not to compensate the defeat and restore national pride, but to serve as a satire against the rulers whose ineptitude and treason pave the ground for the coming of the invaders. The lengthy treatment of Alexander's character is also due to the fact that he is the founder of the long-lasting Seleucia Dynasty, regardless of how destructive his invasion was. Denunciations of his action and devaluation of his ancestry prove this argument. Here, research data have collected by analytical By library approach and have processed by analytical and descriptive methods. 

Shahr Tappeh is one of the Parthian sites in the district of Darreh Gaz, near the Iran-Turkmenistan border. Data from archaeological surveys shows that the site is one of the largest Parthian sites in the northeast region of the Iranian Plateau. In addition, archaeological excavations indicate that Shahr Tappeh was one of the most important Parthian sites in the region. The site is limited on two sides by riverbeds, while on the south and north was protected by massive ramparts, probably made of sun-dried bricks and chineh. There are also traces of a moat behind the fortifications. In somewhere near the center of the site, there is a 7m high mound, evidently remains of a monument of some sort. It is possible that this mound represents the acropolis of the site, seat of the high rank chief or governor of the city. Our investigation at the site including a surface systematic sampling. The most frequent finds were ceramic fragments, in addition to some kiln wasters, gypsum plaster and impressed designs bricks. The designs are heavily weathered so the original motifs could not be identified. Similar bricks with impressed designs have been discovered at the type site of Nisa in Turkmenistan. The high frequency of kiln wasters in a quadrant indicated that this point of the site would be industrial quarter of the ancient town. Testing this hypothesis, we opened three small trenches. Although we could not reach the lower strata, due to have efficiency of time and the budget, we could recover numerous kiln wasters and deformed pieces of glass, evidently related to glass workshop, which strongly indicate that our hypothesis on the industrial character of the quadrant could be right. The recovered finds through excavations show close resemblance to those from Nisa, the initial capital and homeland of the Arsacids, which is 80 km to the northeast. The size of Shahr Tappeh and the materials from excavations well represent the importance of the site in early Parthian time in the northeastern Iranian Plateau. Because of such important features, some scholars suggest that the site could be the ancient Dara of the early Arsacid era. In this article we analyzed and discuss the materials and data from Shahr Tappeh excavations, trying to throw light on the importance of the city during the early Arsacid period, and evaluate its position among the contemporary sites in the northeastern Iranian Plateau. We also trying to the answer whether the site could be the same ancient Dara we know from the early Arsacid period; or, otherwise, could the important city of Dara be sought in the modern area of Darreh Gaz in northeast Iran?

Nihāyatu’l- irab fi akhbare’l -fors va’l- arab is the name of a book whose author (s) and the authoring time are uncertain. In compiling this book، authors such as ’Amer Sha’bi، Ayyoub ibn-i Gherriyah، Abdullah ibn-i Moghafa’، Asma’i and Ab ol-bakhtary have contributed. There are three different speculations concerning the time of authorship: 1) 75 A. H. 2) before the year 142 A. H. 3) around 170-193 A. H. However، this book– especially the parts narrated by ibn-i Moghafa’—are the most important sources in our understanding Siyar ol-molouk and subsequently the Khodāy-nāme in the Sassanid period. Since Ferdowsi’s Shāh-nāme is also connected to the Khodāy-nāme through the Abu-Mansouri Shāh-nāme، the story of Dara and Alexander have been chosen from Nihāyatu’l- irab and the Shāh-name in order to determine the main source of the two narratives. The comparative study of the structure of the story of Alexander and Dara in these two books reveals that Ferdowsi’s account is exactly like ibn-i Moghafa’s but Ferdowsi has eliminated some details and has added some more to serve his storytelling purposes.